Enabling The Organization—Decision Making Test Bank Ch9

Business Driven Technology, 8e (Baltzan)

Chapter 9 Enabling the Organization—Decision Making

1) Analytics is the science of fact-based decision making.

2) At the operational level, employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change.

3) At the operational level, employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations.

4) Operational decisions are considered structured decisions.

5) Asking how many employees are out sick is a type of operational question.

6) Strategic decisions are highly structured decisions.

7) One of the most important and challenging questions confronting managers today is how to lay the foundation for tomorrow's success while competing to win in today's business environment.

8) The structure of a typical organization is similar to a pyramid, with different levels that require one consistent type of information to assist with all managerial decision making.

9) Operational decisions or semistructured decisions arise in situations where established processes offer potential solutions.

10) Unstructured decisions occur in situations in which no procedures or rules exist to guide decision makers towards the correct choice.

11) At the strategic decision-making level, employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities.

12) MIS support systems rely on models for computational and analytical routines that mathematically express relationships among variables.

13) A pie chart is a type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole.

14) Streamlining information encompasses all of the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of daily operational or structured decisions.

15) A bar chart is a chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent.

16) Sensitivity analysis, what-if analysis, optimization analysis, and market basket analysis are the common DSS analysis techniques.

17) A histogram is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights. It is similar to a bar chart, but a histogram groups numbers into ranges.

18) A sparkline is a small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend. Sparklines are often used in reports, presentations, dashboards, and scoreboards. They do not include axes or labels; context comes from the related content.

19) An infographic (information graphic) is a representation of information in a graphic format designed to make the data easily understandable at a glance. People use infographics to quickly communicate a message, to simplify the presentation of large amounts of data, to see data patterns and relationships, and to monitor changes in variables over time.

20) A time-series chart is a chart is a graphical representation showing change of a variable over time. Time-series charts are used for data that changes continuously, such as stock prices. They allow for a clear visual representation of a change in one variable over a set amount of time.

21) A pivot rotates data to display alternative presentations of the data.

22) A consolidation rotates data to display alternative presentations of the data.

23) Digital dashboards offer consolidation, drill-down, and slice-and-dice capabilities.

24) Managers use transactional information when making structured decisions at the operational level.

25) The manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making is referred to as OLTP, or online transaction processing.

26) A model is a simplified representation or abstraction of reality.

27) Source documents are simplified representations or abstractions of reality.

28) Source documents are the original transaction records.

29) Granularity refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process.

30) Visualization produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data.

31) A digital dashboard produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data.

32) Intelligent systems are various commercial applications of artificial intelligence.

33) A neural network is a category of efficiency metrics that attempts to measure the way the human brain works.

34) Investment companies use genetic effectiveness metrics to help in trading decisions.

35) A shopping bot is one of the simplest examples of an intelligent agent.

36) Fuzzy logic is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information.

37) Fuzzy logic is the process within a genetic algorithm of randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome.

38) Google glass is a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD).

39) A haptic interface uses technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements—for example, a cell phone vibrating in your pocket. A haptic interface is primarily implemented and applied in virtual reality environments and is used in virtual workplaces to enable employees to shake hands, demonstrate products, and collaborate on projects.

40) Virtual workplace is the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it.

41) A virtual workplace is a work environment that is not located in any one physical space.

42) Google glass is a work environment that is not located in any one physical space.

43) Augmented reality is a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD).

44) Neural networks use technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements—for example, a cell phone vibrating in your pocket.

45) Mutation is the process within a genetic algorithm of randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome.

46) Mutation is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information.

47) An algorithm refers to a set of instructions that completes a task.

48) Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn.

49) Strong AI machines can still make their own decisions based on reasoning and past sets of data. Most of the AI systems in market today are strong AI.

50) Weak AI refers to the field of artificial intelligence that works toward providing brainlike powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans.

51) Virtual reality is a computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world.

52) Augmented reality is the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it.

53) Augmented reality is a computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world.

54) Virtual reality is the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it.

55) A machine-vision system uses a video camera to capture data and send it to the robot controller. Machine vision is similar in complexity to voice recognition and can be used for handwriting recognition, signature identification, and currency inspection. Two important specifications in any vision system are the sensitivity and the resolution.

56) Deep learning is a process that employs specialized algorithms to model and study complex datasets; the method is also used to establish relationships among data and datasets.

57) Which of the following is a not a type of organizational information system?

A) Executive information system

B) Decisions support system

C) Analysis processing system

D) Transactional processing system

58) Which of the following is an important challenge facing managers today?

A) Making business decision

B) Solving business problems

C) Competing to win in today's market

D) All of these choices are correct.

59) What must managers be able to do to compete in today's global marketplace?

A) Make decisions to gain competitive advantages.

B) Make decision that can help forecast future business needs.

C) Make decision that can help forecast future business requirements.

D) All of these choices are correct.

60) Which of the following is not considered a challenge facing most managers today?

A) Managerial decisions must be made quickly.

B) Strategic decisions need to be made by applying analysis techniques.

C) Artificial intelligence is required by all managers to be successful.

D) Managerial decisions require large amounts of information to analyze.

61) Managers who must analyze data from 500 hotels to determine when to discount rooms based on occupancy patterns would be placed in which category for managerial decision-making challenges?

A) Managers need to analyze large amounts of information.

B) Managers must make decisions quickly.

C) Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions.

D) All of these choices are correct.

62) An important customer showing up at a hotel that is fully booked and the reservation is missing would be placed in which category for managerial decision-making challenges?

A) Managers need to analyze large amounts of information.

B) Managers must make decisions quickly.

C) Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions.

D) All of these choices are correct.

63) A manager who must implement a loyalty program across 500 hotels would be placed in which category for managerial decision-making challenges?

A) Managers need to analyze large amounts of information.

B) Managers must make decisions quickly.

C) Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions.

D) All of these choices are correct.

64) Which of the following is not included in the decision-making process?

A) Data collection

B) Solution benchmarking

C) Solution generation

D) Solution test

65) When evaluating the six-step decision-making process, what occurs during the solution implementation step?

A) The process will begin again if the decisions made were incorrect.

B) Definition of the problem as clearly and precisely as possible.

C) Details of every solution possible including ideas that seem farfetched.

D) The solution that best solves the problem is selected.

66) When evaluating the six-step decision-making process, what occurs during the problem identification step?

A) The process will begin again if the decisions made were incorrect.

B) Definition of the problem as clearly and precisely as possible.

C) Details of every solution possible including ideas that seem far fetched.

D) The solution that best solves the problem is selected.

67) When evaluating the six-step decision-making process, what occurs during the solution generation step?

A) The process will begin again if the decisions made were incorrect.

B) Definition of the problem as clearly and precisely as possible.

C) Details of every solution possible including ideas that seem farfetched.

D) The solution that best solves the problem is selected.

68) When evaluating the six-step decision-making process, what occurs during the solution test step?

A) The process will begin again if the decisions made were incorrect.

B) Definition of the problem as clearly and precisely as possible.

C) Details of every solution possible including ideas that seem farfetched.

D) None of these choices is correct.

69) Which of the following represents the structure of a typical organization?

A) Flat line

B) Pyramid

C) Circle

D) Cube

70) Which of the following represents the three different levels of a company pyramid from the top to the bottom?

A) Managerial - Strategic - Operational

B) Strategic - Managerial - Operational

C) Operational - Managerial - Strategic

D) Strategic - Operational - Managerial

71) Which of the following would you include as decisions and responsibilities typically found at the managerial level of a company?

A) Monthly plans

B) Monthly budgets

C) Weekly schedule

D) All of these choices are correct.

72) Which of the following would you include as decisions and responsibilities typically found at the operational level of a company?

A) Develop core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations

B) Control core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations

C) Maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations

D) All of these choices are correct.

73) Data collection, solution generation, and solution implementation are all concepts associated which of the following processes?

A) The six-step problem-solving process

B) The six-step decision-making process

C) The four-step problem-solving process

D) The four-step decision-making process

74) Review the following key terms. Which one defines an operational decision that involves situations where established processes offer potential solutions?

A) Optimization analysis decision

B) Artificial intelligence decision

C) Structured decision

D) Unstructured decision

75) Which of the following is considered an unstructured decision or strategic decision?

A) Reordering inventory

B) Deciding to enter a new market

C) Creating the employee weekly staffing schedule

D) Creating the employee weekly production schedule

76) Which of the following is considered an operational decision or structured decision?

A) Determining how many employees are out sick

B) Determining the impact of last month's marketing campaign

C) Allocating resources to a department for a new system

D) Monitoring performance of a project team

77) Which of the following is considered a managerial decision or semistructured decision?

A) Determining how many employees are out sick

B) Determining the impact of last month's marketing campaign

C) Investigating why payroll is having problems running

D) Tracking how much inventory is in the warehouse

78) Which of the following key terms represents the types of decisions made at the operational, managerial, and strategic levels of a company?

A) Structured decisions

B) Unstructured decisions

C) Semistructured decisions

D) All of these choices are correct.

79) At which level do managers develop the overall business strategies and monitor the performance of the organization and the competitive business environment?

A) Operational

B) Strategic

C) Managerial

D) Communications

80) Moira Gray works at a retail store selling sports equipment. Her daily tasks include opening the store, creating the work schedules, processing payroll, overseeing sales and inventory, and training employees. At what level of the organizational pyramid would you categorize Moira?

A) Managerial

B) Operational

C) Strategic

D) Owner

81) Lei Kim works at the local Starbucks coffee shop and her responsibilities include taking orders, fulfilling orders, and ringing in sales. At what level of the organizational pyramid would you categorize Lei?

A) Strategic

B) Owner

C) Operational

D) Managerial

82) Nigel Ward works at a high power investment firm in Los Angeles. Nigel is responsible for promoting the firm's vision and creating the companywide goals and strategies. He also monitors the overall strategic performance of the company and its direction for future business strategies. At what level of the organizational pyramid would you categorize Nigel?

A) Strategic

B) Owner

C) Operational

D) Managerial

83) Roy Sartore has been hired to oversee all of the plans that the city of Denver has created to expand its train transportation system by adding six more lines to the metro area. Roy will be responsible for planning the project, managing the processes, and finalizing each new line as it is completed. How would you categorize the majority of the decisions Roy will have to make to complete his job?

A) Unstructured decisions

B) Semistructured decisions

C) Structured decisions

D) Strategic decisions

84) What is the science of fact-based decision making?

A) Analytics

B) Structured decisions

C) Unstructured decisions

D) Semistructured decisions

85) What occurs in situations in which a few established processes help to evaluate potential solutions, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision?

A) Analytics

B) Structured decisions

C) Unstructured decisions

D) Semistructured decisions

86) What occurs in situations in which no procedures or rules exist to guide decision makers toward the correct choice?

A) Analytics

B) Structured decisions

C) Unstructured decisions

D) Semistructured decisions

87) What arises in situations where established processes offer potential solutions?

A) Analytics

B) Structured decisions

C) Unstructured decisions

D) Semistructured decisions

88) The structure of an organization is similar to a pyramid. The different levels require different types of information to assist with which of the following?

A) Decision making

B) Problem solving

C) Opportunity capturing

D) All of the choices are correct

89) At which level will a manager use analytics to make decisions?

A) Operational level

B) Managerial level

C) Strategic level

D) All of the choices are correct

90) At which level of an organization do employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations?

A) Operational level

B) Managerial level

C) Strategic level

D) All of these choices are correct.

91) At which level of an organization are employees continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change?

A) Operational level

B) Managerial level

C) Strategic level

D) All of these

92) At which level of an organization do managers develop overall business strategies, goals, and objectives as part of the company's strategic plan?

A) Operational level

B) Managerial level

C) Strategic level

D) All of these choices are correct.

93) What is a time-series chart?

A) A type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole.

B) A chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent.

C) A chart is a graphical representation showing change of a variable over time.

D) A small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend.

94) What is an infographic?

A) A representation of information in a graphic format designed to make the data easily understandable at a glance.

B) A chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent.

C) A chart is a graphical representation showing change of a variable over time.

D) A small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend.

95) Which of the following is an incorrect enterprise view of information technology?

A) Processes are analytical for executives and transactional for analysts

B) Granularity is coarse for executives and fine for analysts

C) Processing is OLTP for executives and OLAP for analysts

D) None of these choices are correct.

96) How can a model enhance decision making with MIS?

A) Calculate risks

B) Understand uncertainty

C) Manipulate time

D) All of these choices are correct.

97) What is consolidation?

A) Involves the aggregation of information and features simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information

B) Enables the examination of information from different perspectives

C) Enables users to get details, and details of details, of information

D) Finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output

98) What is pivot?

A) Involves the aggregation of information and features simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information

B) Rotates data to display alternative presentations of the data

C) Enables users to get details, and details of details, of information

D) Finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output

99) What is drill-down capability?

A) Involves the aggregation of information and features simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information

B) Enables the examination of information from different perspectives

C) Enables users to get details, and details of details, of information

D) Finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output

100) What is slice-and-dice capability?

A) Involves the aggregation of information and features simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information

B) Enables the examination of information from different perspectives

C) Enables users to get details, and details of details, of information

D) Finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output

101) What compiles information from multiple sources and tailors it to meet user needs?

A) Drill-down

B) Sensitivity analysis

C) What-if analysis

D) Digital dashboard

102) What rotates data to display alternative presentations of the data?

A) Drill-down

B) Sensitivity analysis

C) What-if analysis

D) Pivot

103) What captures transaction and event information using technology to (1) process the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information, and (3) update existing information to reflect the new information?

A) OLTP

B) OLAP

C) TPS

D) DSS

104) What is the basic business system that serves the operational level and assists in making structured decisions?

A) OLTP

B) OLAP

C) TPS

D) DSS

105) What encompasses all organizational information with the primary purpose of supporting the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions?

A) OLTP

B) OLAP

C) Analytical information

D) Transactional information

106) What encompasses all the information contained within a single business process or unit of work with the primary purpose of supporting the performance of daily operational or structured decisions?

A) OLTP

B) OLAP

C) Analytical information

D) Transactional information

107) What is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making?

A) OLTP

B) OLAP

C) TPS

D) DSS

108) What models information and provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action?

A) OLTP

B) OLAP

C) TPS

D) DSS

109) What refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process?

A) Granularity

B) Visualization

C) Digital Dashboard

D) All of these choices are correct.

110) What produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data?

A) Granularity

B) Visualization

C) Digital Dashboard

D) All of these choices are correct.

111) What tracks KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs?

A) Granularity

B) Visualization

C) Digital Dashboard

D) All of these choices are correct.

112) What is a representation of information in a graphic format designed to make the data easily understandable at a glance?

A) Infographic.

B) Pie chart.

C) Bar chart.

D) Histogram.

113) What is a type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole?

A) Infographic.

B) Pie chart.

C) Bar chart.

D) Histogram.

114) What is a chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent?

A) Infographic.

B) Pie chart.

C) Bar chart.

D) Histogram.

115) What is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights that groups numbers into ranges?

A) Infographic.

B) Pie chart.

C) Bar chart.

D) Histogram.

116) What is a small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend?

A) Bar chart.

B) Histogram.

C) Time-series.

D) Sparkline.

117) What is a graphical representation showing change of a variable over time?

A) Bar chart.

B) Histogram.

C) Time-series.

D) Sparkline.

118) What is a pie chart?

A) A type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole.

B) A chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent.

C) A graphical display of data using bars of different heights. It is similar to a bar chart, but a histogram groups numbers into ranges.

D) A small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend.

119) What is a bar chart?

A) A type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole.

B) A chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent.

C) A graphical display of data using bars of different heights. It is similar to a bar chart, but a histogram groups numbers into ranges.

D) A small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend.

120) What is a histogram?

A) A type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole.

B) A chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent.

C) A graphical display of data using bars of different heights that groups numbers into ranges.

D) A small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend.

121) What is a Sparkline?

A) A type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole.

B) A chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent.

C) A graphical display of data using bars of different heights. It is similar to a bar chart, but a histogram groups numbers into ranges.

D) A small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend.

122) Which of the following is considered an input in the systems thinking example of a TPS?

A) CRUD

B) Calculate

C) Report

D) Source Document

123) Which of the following is considered part of the process in the systems thinking example of a TPS?

A) Source Document

B) Calculate

C) Report

D) All of these choices are correct.

124) Which of the following is considered to be the output in the systems thinking example of a TPS?

A) CRUD

B) Calculate

C) Reports

D) Source Document

125) Which of the following is considered to be the input in the systems thinking example of a DSS?

A) TPS

B) What-If

C) Optimization

D) Forecasts

126) Which of the following is considered the process in the systems thinking example of a DSS?

A) TPS

B) Optimization

C) Forecasts

D) Simulation

127) Which of the following is considered the output in the systems thinking example of a DSS?

A) TPS

B) Optimization

C) Goal Seeking

D) Forecast

128) Which of the following is correct in terms of granularity?

A) Refers to the level of detail in the model

B) The greater the granularity the deeper the level of detail of the data

C) The greater the granularity the deeper the level of fineness of the data

D) All of these choices are correct.

129) Which of the following is a potential feature of a digital dashboard?

A) A hot list of KPIs refreshed every 15 minutes

B) A running line graph of planned versus actual production for the past 24 hours

C) A graph of stock market prices

D) All of these choices are correct.

130) What is a simplified representation or abstraction of reality?

A) Model

B) Metric

C) Redundancy

D) Sensitivity Analysis

131) What can a manager use a model to do?

A) Calculate risk

B) Change variables

C) Understand uncertainty

D) All of these choices are correct.

132) What would managers use to make structured decisions at the operational level?

A) Transactional information

B) Analytical information

C) EIS system

D) Intelligent system

133) Which of the following would create transactional information?

A) Projecting future sales growth

B) Making an airline reservation

C) A semistructured decision to hire more employees

D) Generating payroll reports

134) What are the three primary types of management information systems available to support decision making across the company levels?

A) Transaction processing systems, decision support systems, executive information systems

B) Analytical information, decision support systems, executive information systems

C) Transaction processing systems, drill-down systems, expert systems

D) What-if analysis, sensitivity analysis, goal-seeking analysis

135) A transaction processing system (TPS) is the basic business system that assists operational level analysts when making structured decisions. Which of the items below is not an example of a TPS?

A) Target's internal company payroll system

B) Comfort Dental patient diagnosis system

C) First Bank's overall accounting system

D) Stewart Sport's order entry system

136) What is the flow that a systems thinking approach using a TPS would follow?

A) Streamlining (Input)–CRUD, Calculate (Process)–Reports (Output)

B) Source Documents (Input)–Optimization Analysis (Process)–(Feedback)–(Output)

C) Source Documents (Input)–CRUD, Calculate (Process)–Reports (Output)–(Feedback)

D) Selling Documents (Input)–Cycle Time (Process)–Reports (Output)–(Feedback)

137) Online transaction processing (OLTP) is the capturing of transaction and event information using technology to ________.

A) Update existing information to reflect the new information

B) Store the information

C) Process the information according to defined business rules

D) All of these choices are correct.

138) Which of the following does not represent an example of analytical information?

A) Trends and product statistics

B) Unstructured long-term decisions

C) Five-year sales report

D) Future growth projections

139) Decision support systems (or DSSs) model information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action. Which of the following does not represent an example of a DSS in business?

A) An insurance company using a system to gauge risk of providing insurance to drivers who have imperfect driving records

B) A medical doctor may enter symptoms into a system to aid them in diagnosing and treating patients

C) A manufacturing digital dashboard showing visualizations of inventory and production

D) A dentist entering symptoms into a system to help diagnose and treat patients

140) What is the MIS system that manipulates information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making?

A) Online transaction processing (OLTP)

B) Online analytical processing (OLAP)

C) Digital dashboard

D) Visualization

141) When viewing systems thinking, source documents are the original transaction records. What would the source documents for a medical doctor's payroll system include?

A) Employee time sheets

B) Employee benefit reports

C) Employee wage rates

D) All of these choices are correct.

142) Which of the following represent the four main DSS analysis techniques outlined in the chapter?

A) What-if analysis, sensitivity analysis, goal-seeking analysis, optimization analysis.

B) Workflow analysis, sensitivity analysis, growth analysis, organizational analysis.

C) What-if analysis, structured analysis, goal-seeking analysis, optimization analysis.

D) What-if analysis, sensitivity analysis, growth analysis, organizational analysis.

143) Tanner Wright is a manager for a McDonald's restaurant. Many of his key responsibilities include analyzing data and making key decisions for the success of his store. Tanner's store has been experiencing decreased sales for breakfast services over the past three months. Tanner is unsure why breakfast revenues are down while lunch and dinner revenues remain unchanged. Tanner believes that he can drive revenue up by implementing a few different breakfast promotions such as free coffee or hash browns with the purchase of a meal. Tanner performs an extensive analysis of how continuous changes in breakfast promotions could impact his daily revenue. What type of DSS analysis is Tanner performing?

A) Optimization analysis

B) Sensitivity analysis

C) Transaction analysis

D) Goal-seeking analysis

144) What is the DSS analysis that checks the impact of a change in a variable or assumption on the model?

A) Optimization analysis

B) Goal-seeking analysis

C) Sensitivity analysis

D) What-if analysis

145) Online transaction processing (OLTP) and online analytical processing (OLAP) are similar MIS strategies used to help with business decision making. What is the primary difference between OLTP and OLAP?

A) OLTP is used at the operational level; OLAP is used at the managerial level.

B) OLTP is used to capture transactional and event data; OLAP is used to manipulate information.

C) OLTP is used to support structured decisions; OLAP is used to support semistructured decisions.

D) All of these choices are correct.

146) An optimization analysis finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints. What can a manager achieve by changing revenue and cost variables in an optimization analysis?

A) Calculate the highest potential profits

B) Calculate employee benefit payments

C) Use this as an extension for a digital dashboard

D) Create production schedules

147) What is the analysis that works in reverse to what-if and sensitivity analyses by finding the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output?

A) Solutions based analysis

B) Optimization system

C) Goal-seeking analysis

D) Revenue analysis

148) Decision making at the executive or strategic level requires business intelligence and knowledge to support the uncertainty and complexity of the business. What is a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight?

A) OLTP

B) Executive Information System (EIS)

C) Transaction Support System (TSS)

D) Decision Support System (DSS)

149) Executives of a company deal less with details of the operational activities and deal more with the higher meaningful aggregations of information or "coarser" information. What refers to the level of detail in the model?

A) Drill-down

B) Visualization

C) Granularity

D) Consolidation

150) How does a DSS typically differ from an EIS?

A) An EIS requires data from external sources to support unstructured decisions, whereas a DSS typically uses internal sources to support semistructured decisions.

B) DSS typically uses external sources and EIS uses internal sources to support decisions.

C) A DSS never uses external sources.

D) EIS always uses internal sources to support structured decisions.

151) What is a graphical display of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data?

A) Visualization

B) Model

C) Table

D) Digital spreadsheet

152) What is a common tool that is used to support visualizations and tracks KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources?

A) Models

B) Digital dashboards

C) Neural networks

D) Verified graphs

153) Which of the following is offered by a digital dashboard?

A) Consolidation

B) Drill-down

C) Slice-and-Dice

D) All of these choices are correct.

154) Which of the following would not be found in a digital dashboard for a manufacturing team?

A) A graph of stock market prices

B) A running line graph of planned versus actual production for the past 24 hours

C) An Excel spreadsheet with cost analysis data

D) A hot list of key performance indicators, refreshed every 15 minutes

155) As the product manager for the eatery division at BJ's Wholesale Club, Raphael is responsible for analyzing sales data to help him manage his team. Today Raphael is analyzing his data using many different perspectives to identify different ways to improve his division. Which of the following common digital dashboard capabilities is Raphael using to analyze his department's success?

A) Slice-and-Dice

B) Pivot

C) Drill-down

D) Consolidation

156) As the product manager for the eatery division at BJ's Wholesale Club, Raphael is responsible for analyzing sales data to help him manage his team. Today Raphael is analyzing his data using aggregation techniques allowing him to see simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information. Which of the following common digital dashboard capabilities is Raphael using to analyze his departments success?

A) Slice-and-Dice

B) Pivot

C) Drill-down

D) Consolidation

157) As the product manager for the eatery division at BJ's Wholesale Club, Raphael is responsible for analyzing sales data to help him manage his team. Today Raphael is analyzing his data by looking at details, and details of details of information. Which of the following common digital dashboard capabilities is Raphael using to analyze his departments success?

A) Slice-and-Dice

B) Pivot

C) Drill-down

D) Consolidation

158) Target is a large corporation operating in all 50 states. Lon MacChruim is the regional manager overseeing the western division, which includes Utah, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Nevada. Lon receives data from his managers in each state which he loads into his digital dashboard for analysis of his entire western division. What digital dashboard capability is Lon primarily using?

A) Drill-down

B) Slice-and-dice

C) Intelligent system

D) Consolidation

159) What is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works?

A) Intelligent system

B) Artificial intelligence

C) Expert systems

D) Neural network

160) Which of the following is the most commonly used form of AI in the business arena?

A) Intelligent system

B) Artificial intelligence

C) Expert system

D) Neural network

161) What is a special-purpose knowledge-based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users?

A) Intelligent system

B) Artificial intelligence

C) Neural network

D) Intelligent agent

162) What do cargo transport systems, book distribution centers, the video game market, a flu epidemic, and an ant colony have in common?

A) They are all expert systems and thus share some characteristics.

B) They are all genetic algorithm systems and thus share some characteristics.

C) They are all neural network systems and thus share some characteristics.

D) They are all complex adaptive systems and thus share some characteristics.

163) Which industry has been relying on neural network technology for over two decades?

A) Food service

B) Hotels

C) Finance

D) Healthcare

164) Which type of AI system assigns values of 0 and 1 to vague or ambiguous information?

A) Genetic algorithms

B) Artificial intelligence

C) Fuzzy logic

D) Intelligent agents

165) Artificial intelligence simulates human thinking and behavior, such as the ability to reason and learn. What is the ultimate goal of AI?

A) To build an intelligent system

B) To build an intelligent agent

C) To build a system that can mimic human intelligence

D) To build a system that can mimic an expert agent

166) Which of the following is an example of an intelligent system?

A) The firefighter robot that can extinguish flames at chemical plants

B) Shell Oil's Smart Pump robot that pumps gas for the customer

C) A robot that cleans and sweeps at a local airport

D) All of these choices are correct.

167) Which of the following does not represent a category of AI?

A) Genetic algorithms

B) Neural networks

C) Expert systems

D) Consolidation

168) What is the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it?

A) Augmented reality

B) Google Glass

C) Haptic interface

D) Virtual reality

169) What is a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD)?

A) Augmented reality

B) Google Glass

C) Haptic interface

D) Virtual reality

170) What uses technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements—for example, a cell phone vibrating in your pocket?

A) Augmented reality

B) Google Glass

C) Haptic interface

D) Virtual reality

171) What is augmented reality?

A) The viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it

B) A wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD)

C) Uses technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements

D) A work environment that is not located in any one physical space

172) What is Google glass?

A) The viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it.

B) A wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD).

C) Uses technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements.

D) A work environment that is not located in any one physical space.

173) What is a haptic interface?

A) The viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it

B) A wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD)

C) Technology that allows humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements

D) A work environment that is not located in any one physical space

174) What is a virtual workplace?

A) The viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it

B) A wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD)

C) Technology that allows humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements

D) A work environment that is not located in any one physical space

175) What is a system that uses computerized advisory programs to imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems?

A) Expert system

B) Virtual reality

C) Neural network

D) Genetic algorithm

176) Which of the below categories of AI is used extensively in the finance industry to analyze situations where the logic or rules are unknown?

A) Expert system

B) Virtual reality

C) Neural network

D) Genetic algorithm

177) Which of the following is not a feature of a neural network?

A) Neural networks can cope with huge volumes of information with many variables.

B) Neural networks can function without complete or well-structured information.

C) Neural networks can analyze linear relationships only.

D) Neural networks can learn and adjust to new circumstance on their own.

178) What is the mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information?

A) Fuzzy logic

B) Virtual reality

C) Expert system

D) Genetic algorithm

179) Sears department stores used to plant employees in competitor stores to perform research and analysis. Recently the company implemented a system that can search competitor websites and provide comparisons of price, promotions, and availability and the system is saving time, money, and resources. What type of system did Sears implement?

A) Shopping algorithm

B) Shopping network

C) Shopping logic

D) Shopping bot

180) What is the process of learning from ecosystems and adapting their characteristics to human and organization situations?

A) Data collection

B) Artificial intelligence

C) Biomimicry

D) Intelligent system

181) Which of the following is a special-purpose knowledge based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users?

A) Intelligent agent

B) Executive agent

C) Expert agent

D) Modeling system

182) What is a method whereby new problems are solved based on the solutions from similar cases solved in the past?

A) Case-based reasoning.

B) Machine Vision.

C) Machine vision sensitivity.

D) Machine vision resolution.

183) What is the ability of a computer to "see" by digitizing an image, processing the data it contains, and taking some kind of action?

A) Case-based reasoning.

B) Machine Vision.

C) Machine vision sensitivity.

D) Machine vision resolution.

184) What is the ability of a machine to see in dim light or to detect weak impulses at invisible wavelengths?

A) Case-based reasoning.

B) Machine Vision.

C) Machine vision sensitivity.

D) Machine vision resolution.

185) What is the extent to which a machine can differentiate between objects?

A) Case-based reasoning.

B) Machine Vision.

C) Machine vision sensitivity.

D) Machine vision resolution.

186) What is an optimizing system that can find and evaluate solutions with many more possibilities, faster and more thoroughly than a human?

A) Genetic algorithm

B) Expert system

C) Intelligent agent

D) Virtual reality

187) What is a process that employs specialized algorithms to model and study complex datasets; the method is also used to establish relationships among data and datasets?

A) Case-based reasoning.

B) Deep learning.

C) Machine vision sensitivity.

D) Machine vision resolution.

188) Teddy Gott loves playing a game called World of Warcraft where he has the capability to create his own character and even his own life-like environment. Which AI system would you categorize World of Warcraft?

A) Multi-agent system

B) Expert system

C) Virtual reality

D) Fuzzy logic system

189) What refers to a set of instructions that completes a task?

A) Algorithm.

B) Machine learning.

C) Weak AI.

D) Strong AI.

190) What is a type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn?

A) Algorithm.

B) Machine learning.

C) Weak AI.

D) Strong AI.

191) What machines can still make their own decisions based on reasoning and past sets of data?

A) Algorithm.

B) Machine learning.

C) Weak AI.

D) Strong AI.

192) What refers to the field of artificial intelligence that works toward providing brainlike powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans?

A) Algorithm.

B) Machine learning.

C) Weak AI.

D) Strong AI.

193) What is an algorithm?

A) Refers to a set of instructions that completes a task.

B) A type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn.

C) Machines can still make their own decisions based on reasoning and past sets of data.

D) Refers to the field of artificial intelligence that works toward providing brainlike powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans.

194) What is machine learning?

A) Refers to a set of instructions that completes a task.

B) A type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn.

C) Machines can still make their own decisions based on reasoning and past sets of data.

D) Refers to the field of artificial intelligence that works toward providing brainlike powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans.

195) What is weak AI?

A) Refers to a set of instructions that completes a task.

B) A type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn.

C) Machines can still make their own decisions based on reasoning and past sets of data.

D) Refers to the field of artificial intelligence that works toward providing brainlike powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans.

196) What is strong AI?

A) Refers to a set of instructions that completes a task.

B) A type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn.

C) Machines can still make their own decisions based on reasoning and past sets of data.

D) Refers to the field of artificial intelligence that works toward providing brainlike powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans.

197) Which of the following offers an example of an intelligent agent that uses a multi-agent system?

A) A cargo transport system

B) Book distribution center

C) A flu epidemic

D) All of these choices are correct.

198) Which of the following business ideas is not using AI?

A) Best Buy implements a software system that will determine how many customers are needed to increase gross profits to $5 million.

B) McDonald's unveiling a robot that cleans and tidies the restaurant, while also asking guests if it can take their trays to the trash.

C) Starbucks creates a system that works like a hand and lifts and moves the mixing pots for the coffees to and from the coffee machines to the counters.

D) Golf courses create an automated golf cart that can offer swing suggestions, club suggestions, and even navigate the course for the driver.

199) What is the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it?

A) Virtual reality

B) Augmented reality

C) Virtual workforce

D) All of these choices are correct.

200) What is a computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world?

A) Virtual reality

B) Augmented reality

C) Virtual workforce

D) All of these choices are correct.

201) What is the process within a genetic algorithm of randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome?

A) Augmented reality

B) Mutation

C) Fuzzy logic

D) Shopping bot

202) What is software that will search several retailer websites and provide a comparison of each retailer's offerings including prices and availability?

A) Augmented reality

B) Mutation

C) Fuzzy logic

D) Shopping bot

203) Explain the importance of decision making for managers at each of the three primary organization levels along with the associated decision characteristics.

204) Classify the different operational support systems, managerial support systems, and strategic support systems, and explain how managers can use these systems to make decisions and gain competitive advantages.

205) Describe artificial intelligence, and identify its five main types.