Chapter 16: Domestic Politics: The Politics of Promoting the General Welfare

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The intentional use of governmental power to achieve or support specific goals and objectives is defined as ______.

a. policy agenda

b. policy gridlock

c. public policy

d. public law

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. As stated in the Constitution, the goal of public policy is to ______.

a. “form a more perfect union”

b. “promote the general welfare”

c. “ensure domestic tranquility”

d. “provide for common equity”

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Policy aimed at improving social welfare and economic opportunities for Americans is best described as ______.

a. domestic policy

b. social policy

c. welfare policy

d. economic policy

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Voucher programs were proposed to parents and guardians in order to allow them to ______.

a. improve financial resources for public schools

b. contribute to faith-based schools of their choice

c. send their students to private and alternative schools

d. change to other public schools of their choice

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: President Trump’s Secretary of Education Advocates Market-Based Reforms for the Nation’s Public Schools

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. ______ reforms allow parents and guardians more control over their students’ schools and enable school officials to chart their educational courses.

a. Policy implementation

b. Institutional accountability

c. Structural design

d. School choice

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: President Trump’s Secretary of Education Advocates Market-Based Reforms for the Nation’s Public Schools

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The justification for Ohio’s voucher-based educational system was ______.

a. to allow parents to send their children to faith-based private schools

b. to equalize funding within the public school system

c. to allow all parents to send their students to private rather than public schools

d. to allow market-based pressures of competition to improve low-performing schools

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: An Unlikely Political Coalition

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Cleveland’s ______ meant that students could receive publicly funded tuition for use in a number of different schools.

a. high scores on proficiency exams

b. commitment to educating every student

c. dedication to academic excellence

d. school voucher program

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: An Unlikely Political Coalition

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which of the following was unique to Ohio’s experimental voucher system?

a. profit

b. choice

c. curriculum

d. religion

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A New Policy is Formed

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. A potential constitutional barrier to Ohio’s voucher experiment can be found in ______.

a. 5th Amendment protections of due process

b. 14th Amendment “equal protection” wording

c. 1st Amendment protections against establishment of religion

d. a lack of textual wording in the Constitution itself

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Supreme Court Test

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. In the 2002 Supreme Court Case Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, the Court ruled by a slim 5–4 margin that Ohio’s voucher program ______.

a. violated the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause

b. violated the 1st Amendment Establishment Clause

c. violated the 5th Amendment Due Process Clause

d. was not in violation of the 1st Amendment’s Establishment Clause

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Supreme Court Test

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. In his majority opinion in the Zelman case, Chief Justice Rehnquist stated that the program was enacted for a ______ purpose and therefore was constitutional.

a. partisan

b. secular

c. political

d. foundational

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Supreme Court Test

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Domestic policies designed to improve or protect health, safety, education, and opportunities for citizens and residents are called ______.

a. urban renovation policies

b. rural engagement policies

c. economic policies

d. social welfare policies

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: There is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. At its core, social welfare policy involves ______.

a. planning for population growth

b. redistribution of resources

c. providing free services to citizens

d. supplying necessary resources to states

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: There Is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The debate over who should be singled out for governmental support is described as ______.

a. appropriateness

b. deservingness

c. willingness

d. compassion

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: There Is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The process by which states follow the lead of other states’ policy experiments and adopt similar policies is described as policy ______.

a. gridlock

b. appropriateness

c. diffusion

d. accommodation

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: There Is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The idea that policies, once enacted, open up and close off future policy options, especially because of the effects of policy on politics and political actors, is defined as policy ______.

a. feedback

b. analysis

c. modification

d. impact

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: There Is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Suzanne Mettler’s research on the G.I. Bill found that the legislation ______.

a. placed an undue financial burden on the states

b. decreased political engagement as benefits increased

c. increased later political involvement by its participants

d. acted as a catalyst for more financial demands by recipients

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: There Is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. Which of the following accurately depicts the policy feedback cycle?

a. Demand for new programs increases -> citizens become more politically engaged -> new policies created

b. New policies created -> policy programs offered to citizens -> political involvement of citizens participating in those programs increases

c. Policy choices offered to citizens -> political involvement of citizens interested in new programs increases -> policy programs offered to citizens

d. Policy agenda set by president and members of Congress -> political choices offered to citizens -> new policies created

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: There Is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

19. Individuals operating in government, academic institutions, think tanks, interest groups, and other venues who try to shape the political agenda and get solutions implemented on the ground are called policy ______.

a. proponents

b. supporters

c. entrepreneurs

d. analysts

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Stages of Policymaking

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The first step in the stages of policy making is ______.

a. setting the political agenda

b. policy formation and adoption

c. problem definition

d. budgeting and implementation

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 1: Defining the Problem

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. The necessarily limited set of issues on which policy makers focus their attention is best defined as the ______.

a. policy-making process

b. policy-making cycle

c. policy agenda

d. policy feedback loop

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 2: Getting on the Agenda

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. The process of “getting on” the political agenda is ______.

a. highly precise

b. very scientific

c. rather systemic

d. somewhat unscientific

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 2: Getting on the Agenda

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Getting an item on the agenda or keeping an idea off of it is an exercise in ______.

a. scientific decision making

b. executive power making

c. political power

d. legislative authority

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 2: Getting on the Agenda

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Which of the following are factors in getting an idea on the political agenda?

a. persuasion, the merits of the case, and economic/political contexts

b. citizen interest, constituent demands, and lawmaker priorities

c. partisan political processes, executive focus, and legislative leadership

d. political authority, knowledge of processes, and legislative experience

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 2: Getting on the Agenda

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. When trying to get on the political agenda, a perception of ______ is often helpful.

a. accessibility

b. crisis

c. success

d. demand

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 2: Getting on the Agenda

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. The National Defense and Education Act of 1958 was passed as a reaction to ______.

a. the Soviet Union’s launching of Sputnik

b. the perceived need of inner-city schools

c. the public cry for better science and math programs

d. citizen pressure to improve higher education offerings

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 2: Getting on the Agenda

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which of the following government reports from 1983 critiqued a lack of commitment to rigorous education and called for immediate educational reform in the United States?

a. An Education Denied

b. A Country on the Brink

c. A System of Failure

d. A Nation at Risk

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 2: Getting on the Agenda

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. One fact that complicates American educational policy is ______.

a. the inclusion of textual restrictions on religious education

b. the lack of textual guarantee to a right to education in the Constitution

c. the requirement that public money go only to public schools

d. the provision of specific educational rights in the Constitution

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 4: Budgeting: More than Just Money

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. In order to shape educational policies in the states, the federal government uses which of the following as its most powerful tool?

a. legislation

b. courts

c. money

d. constitutionalism

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 4: Budgeting: More than Just Money

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Which of the following first provided federal assistance to children from low-income families in both public and private schools?

a. Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965

b. the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment

c. the Due Process Clause of the 5th Amendment

d. Title III of the Improving American Schools Act of 1994

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 4: Budgeting: More than Just Money

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Which of the following best exemplifies an unfunded mandate?

a. grants to build federal highways

b. Title I grants to local school districts

c. requirements for states to create and enforce seat belt laws

d. federal funding of DWI traffic stops through highway funds

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 4: Budgeting: More than Just Money

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Having been authorized by relevant federal and/or state governmental actors, policies must next be ______ in order to be enacted in the real world.

a. constituted

b. enforced

c. implemented

d. communicated

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Step 5: Implementation

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. For political scientist Jeffrey Henig, much of the concern about marketplace reforms in American public education is or should be based on questions of ______.

a. enforcement

b. implementation

c. communication

d. authorization

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 5: Implementation

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. The purpose of the evaluation phase of policy making is to ______.

a. determine the legality and constitutionality of a proposed policy

b. construct and revise the most efficient policy possible

c. assess the cost effectiveness of a proposed policy

d. determine if a policy is achieving the stated objectives

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 6: Evaluation

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. A new pilot program had been instituted last year in the public schools to allow students to check out up to six books at a time in the school’s library. At the time of adoption, many felt that it would lead to lost books. Tonight, the school board meets to review data from the last year to see if this prediction came to fruition. At what stage in the policymaking process is the school board?

a. step 1: defining the problem

b. step 2: getting on the agenda

c. step 4: budgeting

d. step 6: evaluation

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Step 6: Evaluation

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. The decision and authority to formally terminate a policy usually lies in ______.

a. Congress or a state legislature

b. federal department level leaders

c. civil service supervisors

d. the Government Accountability Office

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 7: (Maybe) Termination

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Terminating a policy can occur under different forms of authority. All of the following are such forms, EXCEPT ______.

a. state legislatures

b. Congress

c. the courts

d. the bureaucracy

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Step 7 (Maybe): Termination

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. In 2010, a group of researchers evaluated the District of Columbia School Choice Incentive Act of 2003 and determined which of the following about its Opportunity Scholarship Program?

a. “There is a high probability that the OSP has resulted in improved student achievement.”

b. “There is no conclusive evidence that the OSP affected student achievement.”

c. “The OSP has had a conclusively negative impact on student achievement.”

d. “The OSP was never implemented and enforced as Congress intended.”

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Practicing Political Science: Do Voucher Programs Work? The Challenges of Nonrandom Assignment

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. Currently, two ideas dominate educational policy in the United States. These ideas advocate reforms focused on either or the other of ______.

a. classical and modern learning

b. market forces and standards

c. gender segregation and racial segregation

d. funding for the arts and funding for languages

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Educational Reform Today Takes a Variety of Types

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. Which of the following economists first introduced the idea of using vouchers to improve educational outcomes in 1955?

a. Milton Friedman

b. John Maynard Keynes

c. Jude Wanniski

d. Jacques Rueff

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Market-Based Approaches to School Choice Focus on Competition

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. The Irving Berlin School for the Arts (IBSA) is a public high school in New York City. Unlike other nearby schools, however, it designed around a particular theme, in this case the arts, and attracts high-achieving students. IBSA is a(n) ______.

a. magnet school

b. religious school

c. charter school

d. private school

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Market-Based Approaches to School Choice Focus on Competition

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. Thomas Jefferson High School (TJHS) is a public high school in New Hampshire. Unlike other nearby schools, however, it has some autonomy in its curriculum owing to the particularities of its founding document. For instance, it requires three years of a foreign language to graduate instead of two years. TJHS is a(n) ______.

a. magnet school

b. religious school

c. charter school

d. private school

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Market-Based Approaches to School Choice Focus on Competition

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. According to John Chubb and Terry Moe, in their critique entitled Politics, Markets, and America’s School (1990), the failures of American public education are rooted in ______.

a. an inefficient bureaucratic organization

b. the unintended consequences of bad laws

c. the failure of school districts and administrators to implement new policies

d. the overall failure of the policy-making process with regard to public education

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Market-Based Approaches to School Choice Focus on Competition

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. Chubb and Moe argue that by introducing ______ in education, the energy, innovation, and initiative of those who teach and run schools will be unleashed, freed from a stifling and unresponsive bureaucracy.

a. political power

b. federal authority

c. market forces

d. local leadership

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Market-Based Approaches to School Choice Focus on Competition

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. What is the idealized form of student selection for public school choice programs?

a. educational merit

b. public lottery

c. prior performance

d. test scores

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Market-Based Approaches to School Choice Focus on Competition

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Publicly funded schools that are usually designed around a particular theme such as language, the arts, or science and technology are referred to as ______.

a. charter schools

b. schools of excellence

c. magnet schools

d. public choice schools

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Market-Based Approaches to School Choice Focus on Competition

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. Public schools that are funded only by taxpayer money and subject to many of the same regulations as traditional public schools but accountable primarily to their founding document and with greater curricular and professional autonomy are known as ______.

a. charter schools

b. schools of excellence

c. magnet schools

d. public choice schools

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Market-Based Approaches to School Choice Focus on Competition

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. Ideally, public school choice programs would operate completely by ______: parents make their requests, and the overseeing agency randomly assigns students to the schools that are requested.

a. systematic choice

b. multistage cluster choice

c. lottery

d. stratified choice

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Market-Based Approaches to School Choice Focus on Competition

Difficulty Level: Hard

49. The achievement gap is a problem in American education. It has to do with differences in student performance between ______ ethnicity and ______ incomes; and ______ ethnicity and ______ incomes.

a. majority; higher; minority; lower

b. minority; higher; majority; lower

c. majority; higher; minority; higher

d. minority; lower; majority; lower

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Hard

50. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 provided for increased federal spending for schools, and ______ for schools, school districts, and teachers.

a. an increase in training programs

b. an increase in infrastructure

c. decreased accountability

d. increased accountability

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

51. Reforms that set specific state- or nationwide student achievement goals, rewards for success, and consequences for failure are called ______ reforms.

a. academic-achievement

b. instructional-initiative

c. performance-incentive

d. standards-based

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

52. The differences in school performance of students of majority ethnicity and higher incomes versus those of minority ethnicity and lower incomes has been described as the ______.

a. performance discrepancy

b. achievement gap

c. educational differentiation

d. academic bubble

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

53. Under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, ______.

a. states establish educational standards that are subject to review by the federal Department of Education

b. the federal Department of Education established a set of national standards that all schools must be accountable for

c. both public and private schools are equally accountable to the federal Department of Education for yearly student performance

d. all students were required to have met educational standards by the 2010–2011 academic year

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

54. In order to ensure that individual schools did NOT “encourage” or allow lower-scoring students not to show up for required annual tests, No Child Left Behind holds schools accountable for ______.

a. student attendance

b. academic proficiency

c. graduation rates

d. test participation rates

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

55. For those schools and districts that fail to achieve adequate yearly progress under No Child Left Behind, the consequences ______.

a. are immediate and harsh

b. become increasingly severe

c. are a minimal distraction

d. become decreasingly severe

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

56. In many ways, No Child Left Behind was a story of ______.

a. academic progressivism

b. legislative success

c. unintended consequences

d. policy revision

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

57. In 2011, in the wake of massive criticism over NCLB by state governments, the Department of Education announced a policy through which states could apply for ______ from the most consequential provisions of the law.

a. waivers

b. exclusions

c. revisions

d. vouchers

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

58. In 2015, No Child Left Behind was replaced by the ______.

a. Every School Is Accountable Act

b. No Child Should Fail Act

c. Every Student Succeeds Act

d. All Children Will Progress Act

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

59. The ESSA significantly increased ______ in administering accountability plans held over from NCLB.

a. school leadership

b. local choice

c. federal authority

d. state flexibility

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

60. The achievement gap describes a troubling difference by which students of different ______ and ______ perform educationally.

a. races; incomes

b. genders; incomes

c. incomes; first languages

d. social classes; genders

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

61. In the early decades of the 20th century, the federal government established which of the following regulatory agencies to ensure public health?

a. the Department of Health and Human Services

b. the World Health Organization

c. the Food and Drug Administration

d. the Centers for Disease Control

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Care Policy from the Great Society to the Affordable Care Act and Beyond

Difficulty Level: Medium

62. In the 1960s, under President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society, another major social insurance program was created called ______.

a. Supplemental Security Income

b. Aid to Families with Dependent Children

c. Medicare

d. Medicaid

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Care Policy from the Great Society to the Affordable Care Act and Beyond

Difficulty Level: Medium

63. In 1965, Congress also enacted the ______ program, which covers health services for low-income Americans.

a. Supplemental Security Income

b. Aid to Families with Dependent Children

c. Medicare

d. Medicaid

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Care Policy from the Great Society to the Affordable Care Act and Beyond

Difficulty Level: Medium

64. One important aspect that differentiated Senator Hillary Clinton and Senator Barack Obama’s plans for health-care reform was the ______.

a. requirement to obtain coverage

b. prospective cost of coverage

c. amount of federal contribution toward coverage

d. qualifications for coverage eligibility

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: President Obama Takes on Health Care Reform with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Difficulty Level: Medium

65. In a radio and Internet address on a Saturday in June 2010, President Obama assured Americans that they ______.

a. would receive universal health care

b. would find Obama Care much more affordable

c. could keep both their current coverage and doctor

d. would find coverage through exchanges preferable to employer coverage

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: President Obama Takes on Health Care Reform with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Difficulty Level: Medium

66. By 2015 and 2016, many insurers on the Obamacare exchange program were ______.

a. reducing premiums and increasing participation

b. raising premiums and withdrawing from participation

c. attempting to maintain premium levels by adding new clients

d. calling for the total shutdown of the exchange system

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: President Obama Takes on Health Care Reform with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Difficulty Level: Medium

67. The constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act’s (Obamacare) individual mandate provision was upheld in the 2012 case ______.

a. Little Sisters of the Poor v. United States

b. King v. Burwell

c. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius

d. Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Efforts to Repeal and Replace the ACA Are Ongoing

Difficulty Level: Medium

68. How did the Trump administration achieve a partial repeal of the ACA in 2017?

a. by winning a Supreme Court decision

b. by executive order

c. by using Congress’s budget process

d. by allow the people to vote directly on it

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Efforts to Repeal and Replace the ACA Are Ongoing

Difficulty Level: Medium

69. Why do insurance companies favor the ACA’s individual mandate?

a. It limits customers to only the sick and unwell.

b. It increases profits by limiting regulation.

c. It lowers costs by forcing healthy people to buy insurance.

d. It opens up competition in the insurance market, raising profits.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Efforts to Repeal and Replace the ACA Are Ongoing

Difficulty Level: Hard

70. Social Security is an example of a ______.

a. federal grant in aid

b. social insurance program

c. social welfare program

d. means-based program

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Insurance Programs Assist Vulnerable Americans

Difficulty Level: Medium

71. Programs such as Social Security in which one receives a set of benefits regardless of income, provided one meets categorical requirements like age or a minimum number of years of payroll deductions, are known as ______ programs.

a. welfare

b. means-based

c. entitlement

d. federal grant

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Insurance Programs Assist Vulnerable Americans

Difficulty Level: Medium

72. As of January 2015, the average monthly benefit from Social Security was ______ per month.

a. $565

b. $1,328

c. $2,750

d. $3,899

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Insurance Programs Assist Vulnerable Americans

Difficulty Level: Medium

73. Payments into Social Security are ______.

a. held in individual accounts until needed

b. invested in private securities on behalf of pensioners

c. used primarily to pay current recipients of benefits

d. kept in the general spending account and used to fund other programs

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Insurance Programs Assist Vulnerable Americans

Difficulty Level: Medium

74. Which of the following is a prediction for the Old-Age Survivors and Disability trust in the future?

a. It will continue to grow as the economy expands.

b. It will maintain its present size as some retire and others enter.

c. It will eventually reach a peak performance and stay there indefinitely.

d. It will be out of money at some point in the coming decades.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Insurance Programs Assist Vulnerable Americans

Difficulty Level: Medium

75. Unlike Social Security and Medicare, which are funded through payroll taxes, programs such as Medicaid and others like it that require that individuals demonstrate specific need are known as ______ programs.

a. social dependency

b. need-based assistance

c. categorical grant

d. public entitlement

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Need-Based Public Assistance Programs Are Tied to Incomes

Difficulty Level: Medium

76. In 2018, the federally defined poverty threshold for a family of four was an annual family income of ______.

a. $12,750

b. $15,375

c. $25,100

d. $31,900

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Need-Based Public Assistance Programs Are Tied to Incomes

Difficulty Level: Medium

77. With the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, Bill Clinton signed into law the principles of ______ to social welfare programs.

a. devolution

b. federalism

c. accountability

d. dependence

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Need-Based Public Assistance Programs Are Tied to Incomes

Difficulty Level: Medium

78. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 in 1996 replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children with ______.

a. Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Programs

b. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

c. the Earned Income Tax Credit

d. the Federal Housing Assistance Act

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Need-Based Public Assistance Programs Are Tied to Incomes

Difficulty Level: Medium

79. In 1934, President Roosevelt’s New Deal established the ______, tasked with combatting widespread foreclosures as a result of the Great Depression.

a. Fair Housing Act

b. Department of Human Services

c. Federal Housing Authority

d. Department of Housing and Urban Development

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Housing Policy Focuses on Affordability and Access

Difficulty Level: Medium

80. In 1965, the ______ was created to administer programs provided by the FHA as well as to combat homelessness.

a. Fair Housing Act

b. Department of Human Services

c. Federal Housing Authority

d. Department of Housing and Urban Development

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Housing Policy Focuses on Affordability and Access

Difficulty Level: Medium

81. The bureaucracy established in 1970 during the Nixon administration, tasked with working with state and local governments to enforce federal laws governing environmental standards, is the ______.

a. Environmental Protection Agency

b. Department of Emission Standards

c. Bureau of Land and Water

d. Division of Environmental Enforcement

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Environmental Policy Has Long Focused on Cleaning and Protecting the Country’s Natural Resources

Difficulty Level: Medium

82. The EPA is tasked to enforce ______.

a. the Clean Air Act

b. the Water Quality Act

c. the Endangered Species Act

d. all of these

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Environmental Policy Has Long Focused on Cleaning and Protecting the Country’s Natural Resources

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Policies promoting school choice reforms are aimed at bringing competitive marketplace pressures to bear on public schools.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: President Trump’s Secretary of Education Advocates Market-Based Reforms for the Nation’s Public Schools

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. All proponents of school vouchers in Cleveland were from the Republican side of the aisle.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: An Unlikely Political Coalition

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The Supreme Court has upheld the use of publicly funded voucher programs in religious-affiliated schools.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Supreme Court Test

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Voucher programs establish clear boundaries between public and private school funding.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Supreme Court Test

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Under the old system of dual federalism, social welfare policies were thought to lie within the scope of the police powers of the state and, therefore, mostly under state control and administration.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: There Is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. At its core, social welfare policy involves redistribution of resources from one source to another.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: There Is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The theory of policy feedback rests on the idea that policies, once enacted, are firmly set and are hard to evaluate.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: There Is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Getting an item on the domestic agenda is a precisely defined systematic process with clear rules and guidelines.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 2: Getting on the Agenda

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The No Child Left Behind policy remains unchanged and still in effect.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) passed handily in both the House and the Senate with the bipartisan support of both Democrats and Republicans alike.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: President Obama Takes on Health Care Reform with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Republicans were unable to use their majority in both houses of Congress to repeal Obamacare in 2017.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back .

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Efforts to Repeal and Replace the ACA Are Ongoing

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. ______ is an educational policy that distributes public funds to parents and guardians, allowing them to send their students to private and alternative schools.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: An Unlikely Political Coalition

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. After the passage of New Deal programs in the 1930s, the ______ became much more involved in the provision of social welfare policy.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: There Is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The step in the policy-making process in which policies that are seen as “failed” are defunded or otherwise ended is called ______.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Step 7 (Maybe) Termination

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The ______ formerly called the Food Stamp Program, assists the poor in meeting their needs for food.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Need-Based Public Assistance Programs Are Tied to Incomes

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. In 1965, the FHA was folded into the Department of ______.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.5: Identify other major social welfare areas and the important policies and issues they are meant to address.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Housing Policy Focuses on Affordability and Access

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Explain the purposes of public policy and discuss whether such policy should be in the hands of the federal government.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Do you believe vouchers are a positive or negative tool to promote improvement in America’s schools? Explain your answer.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: American Education Policy about School Choice Involves Both Politics and Markets

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Explain the stages in the policy-making process and describe how each stage impacts the policy-making process.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.2: Understand the factors that shape policy in the United States and the steps in the policymaking process.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: There Is Nothing Tidy about the Domestic Policymaking Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of privatization using the voucher system of Cleveland and other methods of school choice as an example.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.1: Explore education policy and reform in the United States and the ways in which it is shaped by current debates over the proper role of government in domestic political life | 16.3: Examine the current educational reforms in the United States.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: American Education Policy about School Choice Involves Both Politics and Markets; Standards-Based Reforms Focus on Politics and Benchmarks

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Describe the political environment surrounding the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and evaluate the legislation on the basis of its intended purposes versus its present realities.

TOP: Learning Outcome: Analyze the development and impact of important governmental policies.

KEY: Learning Objective: 16.4: Discuss the politics of American health care policy, including the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and recent attempts to roll it back.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: President Obama Takes on Health Care Reform with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Difficulty Level: Hard