Dewar FNEX Multiple Response 2e

Dewar FNEX

Multiple Response

1. Which of the following are being experienced by U.S. physicians due to the primarily profit-driven healthcare system?

[1] Higher-quality health care

[2] Increased autonomy

[3] Increased reimbursements

[4] Lower job satisfaction

[5] Greater patient loads

<Complexity: Difficult>

<A-head: System Issues>

<Subject: Chapter 1, Page 3>

Fill-in-the-Blank

2. As Grossman posits, on a micro level, __________________ is one way of modifying the incidence and effect of ill health and disease as it interacts with other determinants of health production.

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: The Importance of Health Economics>

<Subject: Chapter 2, Page 10>

Multiple Choice

3. From the consumer’s viewpoint, which of the following is to get the most total satisfaction or value from the least amount of money spent given the prices of the goods or services faced and the income level of the consumer?

[1] Profit maximization

[2] Resource maximization

[3] Utility maximization

[4] Product maximization

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Perfect Competition>

<Subject: Chapter 3, Page 17>

Multiple Choice

4. Because public goods are jointly consumed, which of the following is obtained by summing the private marginal benefits across all individuals?

[1] Social marginal benefit

[2] Social marginal costs

[3] Private marginal costs

[4] External benefits of consumption

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Public Goods>

<Subject: Chapter 4, Page 24>

Fill-in-the-Blank

5. _____________________ requires that the level of provision of a public good occurs where the social marginal benefit equals the social marginal costs.

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Public Goods>

<Subject: Chapter 4, Page 24>

Multiple Choice

6. Which of the following must be present for a firm to maintain its market power for an extended period of time?

[1] Perfect competition

[2] Barriers to entry

[3] Supply and demand

[4] Profit maximization

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: The Monopoly Model>

<Subject: Chapter 4, Page 26>

True/False

7. Government regulators have responded to the apparent change in the effects of concentration on hospital markets and now tend to see competition as beneficial.

<Complexity: Easy>

<A-head: Forms of Government Intervention>

<Subject: Chapter 5, Page 35>

Multiple Response

8. While the goal of government regulation is to protect privacy, regulations are lagging behind which of the following?

[1] Cloud computing

[2] Telemedicine

[3] Health information technology

[4] Electronic health records

<Complexity: Difficult

<A-head: Forms of Government Intervention>

<Subject: Chapter 5, Page 36>

Multiple Choice

9. Which of the following is the key means in which people express their demand for health, which may involve the purchase of goods or services, thereby indirectly purchasing health improvements?

[1] Health quality

[2] Health production

[3] Health prevention

[4] Health promotion

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Health as a Form of Human Capital>

<Subject: Chapter 6, Page 41>

Multiple Choice

10. In the investment model view, which of the following is conditional on both the cost of health capital and the rate of depreciation of health stock?

[1] Quality of health

[2] Supply of health

[3] Production of health

[4] Demand for health

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Health as a Form of Human Capital>

<Subject: Chapter 6, Page 42>

True/False

11. Because one’s productivity in the workplace is likely to be affected by one’s health, investment in health could increase earnings to the extent that one might spend money on health care without reducing his or her consumption of other goods.

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Health as a Form of Human Capital>

<Subject: Chapter 6, Page 43>

Multiple Choice

12. Which of the following results from a process in which the individual can only influence the probability of transitions from one health state to another?

[1] Health equity

[2] Health promotion

[3] Health status

[4] Health disparities

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Empirical Evidence Concerning the Grossman Model>

<Subject: Chapter 6, Page 45>

Fill-in-the-Blank

13. Production functions are always constructed assuming a particular__________________.

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: The Demand for Health Care>

<Subject: Chapter 7, Page 49>

True/False

14. Insurance coverage has been shown to diminish the importance of time in the decision about how much medical care to seek and which providers to use.

<Complexity: Easy>

<A-head: Asymmetry of Information and Imperfect Agency>

<Subject: Chapter 7, Page 52>

Multiple Choice

15. With which of the following are patients able to choose freely because there are no gatekeepers restricting the choices, but there is a clear financial incentive to stay within the network?

[1] Point of service plans

[2] Health maintenance organizations

[3] Preferred provider organizations

[4] Accountable care organizations

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Integration Between Third-Party Payers and Healthcare Providers>

<Subject: Chapter 8, Page 63>

Multiple Choice

16. Which of the following is one of the solutions proposed by the Affordable Care Act to address the gaps in quality and unrestrained costs of the U.S. healthcare delivery system as seen through the Medicare fee-for-service system?

[1] Point of service plans

[2] Patient-centered medical homes

[3] Preferred provider organizations

[4] Accountable care organizations

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Integration Between Third-Party Payers and Healthcare Providers>

<Subject: Chapter 8, Page 63>

Multiple Choice

17. What type of private insurance increases the subscriber’s choice of provider and improves access to services financially or through an increased approved network of providers?

[1] Substitutive

[2] Complementary

[3] Supplementary

[4] Exclusive

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Integration Between Third-Party Payers and Healthcare Providers>

<Subject: Chapter 8, Page 64>

Multiple Response

18. Which of the following are difficulties faced by the disenfranchised in the current healthcare system?

[1] Lower quality of care

[2] Travel time

[3] Flexibility in making appointments

[4] Self-control

[5] Financial access to health care

<Complexity: Difficult>

<A-head: Health Disparities>

<Subject: Chapter 9, Page 72>

Fill-in-the-Blank

19. ________________________ is more than income, wealth, or educational attainment; it is access to opportunities over the life course.

<Complexity: Difficult>

<A-head: Health Disparities>

<Subject: Chapter 9, Page 72>

Multiple Choice

20. The racial and ethnic differences in obesity prevalence occur after controlling for which of the following?

[1] Age

[2] Gender

[3] Educational attainment

[4] Family income

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Health Disparities>

<Subject: Chapter 9, Page 72>

Fill-in-the-Blank

21. The theory of the firm is most closely associated with the _____________ side of the market.

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: The Nature of Supply>

<Subject: Chapter 10, Page 79>

True/False

22. Good weather increases quantity supplied at every price, causing a rightward shift in the supply curve.

<Complexity: Easy>

<A-head: The Nature of Supply>

<Subject: Chapter 10, Page 80>

Fill-in-the-Blank

23. As the time period lengthens, the flexibility of the firm to change production__________________ because inputs can change intensity or quantity.

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Elasticity of Supply>

<Subject: Chapter 10, Page 80>

Multiple Response

24. According to Santerre and Neun, what are the two initial inputs that exist for a short-run production?

[1] Labor hours

[2] Opportunity costs

[3] Composite capital good

[4] Indirect costs

[5] Overhead costs

<Complexity: Difficult>

<A-head: The Nature of Production>

<Subject: Chapter 11, Page 85>

Multiple Response

25. The actual degree of substitutability between any two inputs depends on which of the following?

[1] Educational considerations

[2] Technical considerations

[3] Legal considerations

[4] Ethical considerations

[5] Managerial considerations

<Complexity: Difficult>

<A-head: The Nature of Production>

<Subject: Chapter 11, Page 86>

Multiple Choice

26. Which of the following would be exhibited if a doubling of output can be achieved without doubling all the inputs?

[1] Decreasing returns to scale

[2] Diseconomies of scale

[3] Increasing returns to scale

[4] Constant returns to scale

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Long-Run Costs>

<Subject: Chapter 11, Page 88>

Multiple Choice

27. Which of the following results from bureaucratic red tape, breakdown of top-to-bottom communication, and poor decisions being made when the firm gets too large and long-run average costs increase?

[1] Decreasing returns to scale

[2] Diseconomies of scale

[3] Increasing returns to scale

[4] Constant returns to scale

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Long-Run Costs>

<Subject: Chapter 11, Page 88>

Multiple Choice

28. What is the main reason why physicians believe they are not fairly compensated?

[1] Increasing government control

[2] Decreasing insurance reimbursement

[3] Increasing cost of medical malpractice insurance

[4] Incurring large debt in training

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: The Physician’s Market>

<Subject: Chapter 12, Page 94>

Fill-in-the-Blank

29. Incorporating the __________________ into the analysis of the supply of physicians led to an approach that focused on returns over the lifetime in training rather than current earnings.

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: The Physician’s Market>

<Subject: Chapter 12, Page 94>

True/False

30. If entry restrictions are coupled with rules prohibiting price competition, monopoly-level prices could result even when there are many suppliers of the same service.

<Complexity: Easy>

<A-head: The Physician’s Market>

<Subject: Chapter 12, Page 94>

Multiple Response

31. Which of the following subsidies for medical training have resulted in private costs of training that are much lower than the total costs to society?

[1] Market incentives

[2] Deferred-interest bearing loans

[3] Subsidies to medical schools

[4] Subsidies to teaching hospital

[5] Higher insurance reimbursements

<Complexity: Difficult>

<A-head: The Physician’s Market>

<Subject: Chapter 12, Page 95>

Multiple Choice

32. The incentive to innovate would be reduced because which of the following makes research and development activity less profitable?

[1] Duplication

[2] Classification

[3] Certification

[4] Proliferation

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Technological Change>

<Subject: Chapter 13, Page 104>

Multiple Response

33. According to Grabowski, which of the following are the main reasons why the United States has been the world’s leading nation in the commercialization of biotechnological knowledge?

[1] Social insurance for all American citizens

[2] Large stock of human capital and research institutions

[3] Leniency on patent protection

[4] Government support for research

[5] Physicians and hospitals that are motivated to use the highest technology available

[6] Historically generous third-party payers

<Complexity: Difficult>

<A-head: Technological Change>

<Subject: Chapter 13, Page 105>

Multiple Response

34. Which of the following suggests that the wave may break in the next decade for more use of electronic medical records in creating administrative efficiencies and increased quality of care?

[1] Changes in clinicians’ economics

[2] Changes in government policies

[3] Increased market incentives

[4] Increased support for clinical computing

[5] Regulations regarding privacy of protected health information

<Complexity: Difficult>

<A-head: Measuring the Contribution of Technological Change>

<Subject: Chapter 13, Page 106>

Matching

35. Match the following terms to the appropriate description.

[1] An innovation that increases the cost of treatment for a particular disease.

[2] Protected by patents in order to promote innovation.

[3] In empirical studies of healthcare costs, the amount that is left over as the unexplained variance after all known factors have been accounted for.

[4] Compacts the quantities of inputs used to produce a given output.

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Measuring the Contribution of Technological Change>

<Subject: Chapter 13, Page 106>

Multiple Choice

36. Which of the following is defined as the value of the resources used compared to the value of the resources saved or created?

[1] Absolute cost

[2] Absolute benefit

[3] Absolute profit

[4] Absolute price

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Types of Economic Analyses>

<Subject: Chapter 14, Page 114>

Multiple Choice

37. Which of the following identifies uncertain or controversial estimates in the study and presents an exposition of the ways in which different assumptions influence the study results?

[1] Sensitivity analysis

[2] Cost-development analysis

[3] Cost-utility analysis

[4] Cost-benefit analysis

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Types of Economic Analyses>

<Subject: Chapter 14, Page 116>

True/False

38. Reflecting the trade-offs involved, most health systems today are neither purely centralized nor decentralized but are mixed economies.

<Complexity: Easy>

<A-head: Elements of a Healthcare System>

<Subject: Chapter 15, Page 123>

Multiple Choice

39. Which type of health insurance is compulsory and funded by a combination of employer and individual contribution through nonprofit insurance funds, often regulated and subsidized by the state?

[1] Consumer sovereignty model

[2] Bismarck model

[3] Beveridge model

[4] Consumer-dependent model

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Elements of a Healthcare System>

<Subject: Chapter 15, Page 124>

Multiple Choice

40. Cherry-picking and redlining of benefits in the private insurance industry, quantity setting behavior in the physician services industry, and medical arms race in the hospital industry are all the result of which of the following?

[1] Utilization

[2] Corruption

[3] Competition

[4] Benchmarking

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Performance of the U.S. Healthcare System>

<Subject: Chapter 15, Page 126>

Multiple Choice

41. Which stage of the development and diffusion of medical technology is defined as “original investigation for the advancement of scientific knowledge without specific commercial objectives”?

[1] Basic research

[2] Applied research

[3] Clinical investigation and testing

[4] Diffusion

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Performance of the U.S. Healthcare System>

<Subject: Chapter 15, Page 126>

Multiple Choice

42. In what stage of the development and diffusion of medical technology are new medical technologies evaluated for human subjects?

[1] Basic research

[2] Applied research

[3] Clinical investigation and testing

[4] Diffusion

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Performance of the U.S. Healthcare System>

<Subject: Chapter 15, Page 126>

True/False

43. The study by Alwan and colleagues concluded that surveillance and interventions to reduce the incidence and prevalence of chronic disease was adequate in most countries.

<Complexity: Easy>

<A-head: Common Health Issues Across Countries>

<Subject: Chapter 16, Page 133>

Multiple Choice

44. In what report was it determined that universal coverage is resource intense and requires efficient use of inputs because it needs to ensure that a core set of services is available to all in society?

[1] Affordable Care Act

[2] World Health Report 2010

[3] Healthy People 2020

[4] Social Security Act

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Reform Models>

<Subject: Chapter 16, Page 134>

Multiple Response

45. Regardless of the system, what basic features must be attained for a successful reform effort?

[1] Effective leadership

[2] Appropriate technology

[3] Vertical integration

[4] Adequate institutional support

[5] Systems-level thinking

<Complexity: Difficult>

<A-head: Summary>

<Subject: Chapter 16, Page 136>

Fill-in-the-Blank

46. The _____________________ was modeled on the Commonwealth Health Care Insurance Program, but several differences remain between the federal and state reforms that require interagency coordination and the creation of new information technology programs.

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Individual State Initiatives>

<Subject: Chapter 17, Page 144>

Multiple Choice

47. Which of the following is authorized under the Affordable Care Act and coordinates the pilot projects that focus on the financial alignment of provider and payment incentives to provide accessible, high-value health care?

[1] Green Mountain Care Board

[2] Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

[3] State Innovation Models Initiative

[4] Commonwealth Health Care Insurance Program

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: Individual State Initiatives>

<Subject: Chapter 17, Page 145>

True/False

48. During the Great Society from 1960 to 1965, reformers focused on the uninsured and the disenfranchised as the deserving population segments for healthcare programs.

<Complexity: Easy>

<A-head: Federal Reform History>

<Subject: Chapter 17, Page 145>

Matching

49. Match the following terms to the appropriate description.

[1] The process of selling the same product at different prices to different buyers based on some characteristic of the buyer’s in order to maximize profits and is based on differences in the costs of insuring different individuals.

[2] Markets that have few dominant firms and many small firms with little market power.

[3] Power of consumers to determine which goods and services are produced in a situation where demand determines the direction of technology development in health care.

[4] Charges for each service received by the patient separately and provides an incentive for care providers to offer more treatments because payment is dependent on the quantity rather than on the quality.

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: The Market-Based System>

<Subject: Chapter 18, Page 149>

True/False

50. A lower deductible on an insurance policy is inefficient when its marginal cost is greater than the marginal benefit of additional coverage.

<Complexity: Moderate>

<A-head: The Market-Based System>

<Subject: Chapter 18, Page 151>