Death, Dying, And Grief In Families Full Test Bank Ch.17

Chapter 17: Death, Dying, and Grief in Families

Multiple Choice

1. Grieving is usually a private process, but because terrorism, mass shootings, and school tragedies have involved many people the term was coined by Walter in 2008.

a. Public displays of grief

b. Population grieving

c. Public mourning

d. Social grief

Answer location: Introduction, p. 357

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

2. Death in current times is said to be invisible because of all but

a. Longer life expectancy

b. Changes in causes of death from communicable diseases (which spread to large populations) to chronic illness

c. Less personal connection with death because of technology and hospital stays

d. Families don’t talk about loved one’s deaths

Answer location: Etiology of “Invisible Death” and Its Consequences, p. 358

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

3. Physiological factors like changes in sleep patterns and compromised immune system

a. Have been found to be caused by grief

b. Are not related to grief

c. Have been found to be associated to grief through neglectful and self-harming behaviors

d. Are exasperated when the individual has them prior to the death

Answer location: Etiology of “Invisible Death” and Its Consequences, p.359

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

4. The newest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5)

a. Eliminated the 2-month window of bereavement in the diagnosis of a more severe mental illness

b. Does not consider any form of bereavement to be a mental illness

c. Took great care to make changes that do not pathologize normal grieving

d. Added multiple forms of complicated grief to better categorize and identify problematic grieving

Answer location: Etiology of “Invisible Death” and Its Consequences, p. 360

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

5. Growth in the perception of self, interpersonal relationships, and philosophy of life are all a part of

a. A person’s reality prior to a loved one’s death, that are impacted due to the death

b. A person’s posttraumatic growth (following the death of a loved one)

c. The factors most impacted in a negative way with the death of a loved one

d. The factors that people strive for regardless of a death

Answer location: Etiology of “Invisible Death” and Its Consequences, p. 360

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

6. Individual-based theories about grieving

a. Are the most valid theories used today

b. Are based on the family system

c. Have a broad application to the general population

d. Are mostly developmental stage theories

Answer location: Theories of Grieving, p. 361

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

7. Concern regarding theories involves the concern that they see grieving as a passive process, are population specific, and characterize grieving as a linear process.

a. Cognitive behavioral

b. Family systems

c. Developmental stage

d. Social constructionist

Answer location: Theories of Grieving, p. 361

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

8. The theory accommodates integration of three approaches to explaining grief including keeping mental representations of the deceased in your mind, assigning meaning to the bereavement process that maintains the view that the world is still meaningful, and issues of relationship loss.

a. Cognitive behavioral

b. Family systems

c. Developmental stage

d. Social constructionist

Answer location: Theories of Grieving, p. 362

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

9. Coping with loss through grief work, dealing with denial, and avoidance describe

a. Loss orientation

b. Restoration orientation

c. Grieving process orientation

d. Bereavement orientation

Answer location: Theories of Grief, p. 362

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

10. Adjusting to various life changes triggered by death, changing routines, transitioning to a new equilibrium describes

a. Loss orientation

b. Restoration orientation

c. Grieving process orientation

d. Bereavement orientation

Answer location: Theories of Grief, p. 362

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

11. Theory focuses on the dynamics of change and a way to describe relationships, offering a nonpathologizing way to view grief, for example, although we grieve as individuals, it impacts the family.

a. Cognitive behavioral

b. Family systems

c. Developmental stage

d. Social constructionist

Answer location: Theories of Grief, p. 362

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

12. The most helpful theories

a. Are family systems theories

b. Are social constructionist theories

c. Are theories that consider the individual and the family and cultural dimensions

d. Are theories that explain the grieving process in a linear, clear way so that helpful interventions can be put in place

Answer location: Theories of Grief, p. 363

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

13. What is the difference between the “timely” death of an elderly grandparent and a child?

a. The sudden and unexpected nature of a child death may be more intense for the family to handle

b. Either death is traumatic and causes the same intense reactions from family members

c. Survivors experience a “shattered normalcy” with the elderly grandparents death

d. Grandparents have been part of a family’s life for far longer, and therefore the reaction is generally more intense

Answer location: Characteristics of the Loss, p. 364

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

14. Perceptions of whether the loss was natural or human made, the degree of predictability, the degree of expectedness are

a. Factors that either exist or don’t exist in the grieving process

b. Factors that one considers as characteristics of the stress or crisis outcome

c. Factors existing on a continuum that can affect coping

d. Factors existing on a continuum that describe a family systems approach

Answer location: Characteristics of the Loss, p. 364

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

15. Loss of a teen or young adult

a. Is primarily caused by a sudden, violent act

b. Is primarily caused by terminal illness

c. Is a loss that parents tend to resolve within a year

d. Brings the parents together

Answer location: Characteristics of the Loss, p. 364

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

16. Deaths following a protracted illness are difficult because of all but

a. The family members feel guilty because they are tired of grieving

b. Family members have already experienced a series of stressors before the death

c. The death can still be unexpected

d. Similar to a violent death, a prolonged illness may be associated with posttraumatic stress disorder

Answer location: Characteristics of the Loss, p. 365

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

17. Grief that exists although society does not recognize one’s right, need, or capacity to grieve is referred to as

a. Unimportant grief

b. Dissociated grief

c. Misappropriated grief

d. Disenfranchised grief

Answer location Characteristics of the Loss, p. 365

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

18. Examples of disenfranchised grief include

a. A child death

b. Stigmatized loss

c. Deaths from a mass shooting

d. Death of a long-term partner

Answer location: Characteristics of the Loss, p. 365

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

19. Characteristics of family vulnerability related to a death include

a. The family not only has to deal with the death, they also have to keep functioning

b. Families are actually less vulnerable than individuals because they have more of a diversion from the grief

c. Families have to deal with dysfunctional family members

d. Usually at funerals, families break out into fights

Answer location: Factors Affecting Family Vulnerability, p. 366

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

20. A family’s tangible resources include

a. Self-esteem

b. Sense of mastery

c. Money, health

d. Friendship

Answer location: Factors Affecting Family Vulnerability, p. 366

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

21. A family’s assumptions about the world help us understand

a. A family’s stress level and support system

b. A family’s resources and stress level

c. A family’s perceptions of death and coping strategies

d. A family’s support system and resources

Answer location: Family Belief System, Definition, and Appraisal, p. 367

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

22. A high school teen died, and a parent in the school was heard to say “I’m sure he was using drugs and lost control of the car.” This is an example of

a. The “just world assumption”

b. A cognitive reframe

c. A true statement

d. The beliefs of a thoughtless individual

Answer location: Family Belief System, Definition, and Appraisal, p. 367

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

23. A family legacy about death refers to

a. The way a family makes meaning based on media portrayals

b. The way a family talks to their children about death

c. The family’s main statements that they make to the public

d. The family’s way of looking at death that is handed down from generation to generation

Answer location: Family Belief System, Definition, and Appraisal, p. 367

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

24. Boundary ambiguity rises when

a. The family raises boundaries between themselves and the outside world to grieve privately

b. The facts surrounding the death are unclear, causing confusion and interrupted grieving

c. The death means that the family must make major changes in their living because the deceased was the main breadwinner

d. The family realizes that grief is a long, hard process

Answer location: Family Belief System, Definition, and Appraisal, p. 367

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

25. Women display

a. Intuitive grieving

b. Instrumental grieving

c. Process grieving

d. Loss orientation grieving

Answer location: Factors of Diversity, p. 368

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

26. Men display

a. Intuitive grieving

b. A focus on instrumental tasks

c. More sorrow, guilt and depression than women

d. Loss orientation grieving

Answer location: Factors of Diversity, p. 368

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

27. Grief as a socially constructed phenomenon means that

a. Mass shootings cause social grief

b. Grief is experienced in the same way regardless of social identity characteristics (e.g., race, gender)

c. The way one experiences grief depends on social characteristic like culture, gender, class, race, religion, or political belief

d. The way people grieve is universal

Answer location: Factors of Diversity, p. 368

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

28. Considering cognitive development in grieving is most important for

a. The elderly

b. The chronically ill

c. Parents

d. Young children

Answer location: Children’s Grief, p. 369

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

29. The death of is considered the most difficult loss

a. Your child

b. Your spouse/partner

c. Your sibling

d. Your parent

Answer location: Specific Losses, p. 370

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

30. Boys are affected more by the loss of a , and girls are affected more at the loss of a .

a. Best friend, companion animal

b. Parent, best friend

c. Sibling, parent

d. Parent, Sibling

Answer location: Specific Losses, p. 371

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

True/False

1. People grieving can experience psychological and social consequences but not physical symptoms.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Etiology of “Invisible Death” and Its Consequences, p. 358

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

2. High rates of depression, insomnia, suicides, and anorexia may exist in conjunction with consumption of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco as a result of bereavement.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Etiology of “Invisible Death” and Its Consequences, p. 359

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

3. Theories of grieving focus specifically on stage theories as the most accurate portrayal of behavior.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Theories of Grieving, p. 361

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension/Analysis

4. Rando’s “six Rs” processes include recognition of loss, reacting to separation, recollection and re-experiencing the deceased and the relationship, relinquishing old attachments and assumptive world, readjusting to move into a new world without forgetting the old, and reinvesting.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Theories of Grieving, p. 361

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

5. One of the problems with a systems theory perspective on grief is that it pathologizes the stages of grief.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Theories of Grieving, p. 362

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

6. Death following a protracted illness is the most difficult type of loss because of the process that the individual and family experience.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Characteristics of the Loss, p. 364

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

7. Widowers experience greater depression and health consequences than widows.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Factors of Diversity, p. 368

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

8. Children should be treated like any other person and included in all the rituals of mourning.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Children’s Grief, p. 370

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Essay

1. Identify four major characteristics of today’s world that impact family experiences with dying and grief. Discuss the specific impact they have on individual family members and families.

2. Define posttraumatic growth. Identify three domains in which it can be identified and give an example of each.

3. Compare and contrast the experiences of families after the death of a child, sibling, parent, and spouse/life-partner.

a. Answers may include:

• Children deal with many losses (e.g., death of pet, neighbor, peer, or grandparent; family move or divorce). From infancy onward, children recognize loss and do grieve, and their grief corresponds with the cognitive developmental stage that guides their other thinking processes (Essa & Murray, 1994)
• A death that may not appear to affect a child may be revisited later in life and expressed in a new way. As they move into new stages of cognitive development, children gain skills and resources for making sense of the world, they revisit their losses, and their meaning of events incorporates their new level of understanding (e.g., their understanding of what “permanent” means). Their grief is renegotiated, not resolved.
• Factors that appear to influence childhood grieving include positive relationships and ample emotional and psychological support with a parent/caregiver, as well as open, honest, and developmentally appropriate communication about the death. Instead of insulating and isolating children from loss, encouraging (but not requiring) them to participate in family rituals and death-related activities allows them to develop skills for coping with loss. Generally, children who do best following the death of a loved one are those who experience the fewest additional changes and disruptions in their lives (Murray, 2001; Shapiro, 2001).
• Most research on sibling death is recent, focused on children and adolescents. Prior work on sibling loss generally was confined to clinical studies; recent work differentiates normal and complicated sibling grief patterns. Even in the same family, sibling grief reactions are not uniform or the same as parents, but they can be understood best in relation to individual characteristics (e.g., sex, developmental stage, relationship to the sibling). Scholars have not reported consistent behavioral or at-risk differences in school-age children who experienced parental death or sibling death, but they have found gender differences, with boys more affected by the loss of a parent and girls impacted more by the death of a sibling, especially a sister (Worden, Davies, & McCown, 1999).
• Siblings have unique bonds that continue following the death of a brother or sister (Packman, Horsley, & Davies, 2006). Deceased siblings also play an identity function for survivors who may feel a need to fulfill roles the deceased children played for parents or to act in an opposite manner in an attempt to show that they are different.
• The death of a parent can occur during childhood or adulthood. Children’s reactions to parental death vary and are influenced by emotional and cognitive development, closeness to the deceased parent, responses of/interactions with the surviving parent, and perceptions of social support. Researchers have reported evidence of complicated grief, traumatic grief, and posttraumatic growth in parentally bereaved children and adolescents (Melhem, Moritz, Walker, Shear, & Brent, 2007; Wolchik, Coxe, Tein, Sandler, & Ayers, 2008). Adolescents grieving the death of a parent appear to have heightened interpersonal sensitivity, characterized by uneasiness and negative expectations regarding personal exchanges (Servaty-Sieb & Hayslip, 2003).
• Among the family losses during adulthood, the death of a spouse has been the most intensively studied; however, less attention has been given to spousal death in early or middle adulthood, widowed parents with dependent children, or death of other life partners such as committed homosexual couples. Loneliness and emotional adjustment are major concerns of spouses who lose a companion and source of emotional support, particularly in a long interdependent relationship in which there was a shared identity based on systems of roles and traditions (Moss et al., 2001). Conjugal bereavement can be especially difficult for individuals whose relationships assumed a sharp division of traditional sex roles, leaving them unprepared to assume the range of tasks required to maintain a household. The death of one’s spouse brings up issues of self-definition and prompts the need to develop a new identity. Despite these problems, many bereaved spouses adjust very well, and the death of a partner does not always result in grief for the other (Watford, 2008). Some derive pleasure and independence from the new lifestyle, feeling more competent than when they were married.

Answer location: Specific Losses, pp. 370-373

Question type: ESS

Cognitive Domain: Analysis