—Death And Dying—Quick Quiz 1 Complete Test Bank Chapter 18 - Test Bank | Human Development 4e by Wendy L. Dunn. DOCX document preview.
Name_______________________________
Chapter 18—Death and Dying—Quick Quiz 1
1. The text notes that today in the United States, we live in an era of “invisible death.” By this, the text means that:
a. the rituals surrounding death are very clear and well understood by members of our culture
b. we often cope with death by denying its existence in our lives
c. most people die while they are unconscious, thus the last moments of life are peaceful
d. the terror surrounding death is paralyzing and therefore we seldom see death approaching us
2. According to terror management theory, thinking about one’s own death leads to which of the following?
a. denial
b. despair
c. confusion
d. a stronger self-concept
3. Jodi is dying from a rare blood disorder, but insists that her doctor has made a mistake in the diagnosis. Jodi’s reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying?
a. anger
b. denial
c. bargaining
d. depression
4. According to research cited in the text, when caregivers were asked to comment about the relief they felt following their loved one’s death, ____ reported that death was a relief to them and ____ reported that they felt it provided a welcome relief to the person who died.
a. the majority; the majority
b. the majority; only a small minority
c. only a small minority; the majority
d. only a small minority; only a small minority
5. A small town has experienced an unusually high suicide rate in recent years. Local officials try to prevent future suicides by concentrating their efforts on those most likely to commit suicide. These people would be:
a. women under age 21
b. women between ages 21 and 35
c. men under age 21
d. men over age 75
6. Between 2003 and 2014, the number of hospice patients served in the United States:
a. decreased very slightly
b. remained about the same
c. increased very slightly
d. increased by about significantly
7. The text points out an inconsistency between hospice care and hospital care. Which of the following best captures the sense of that inconsistency?
a. Hospitals focus on keeping patients alive, whereas hospice is focused on helping a person die.
b. In a hospital, decisions about extending life are made by the patient but in hospice care trained professionals make these decisions for the patient.
c. Most real care in hospitals is done by nurses but in hospice care the real care is done by physicians.
d. Most hospital care is covered by insurance but hospice care is hardly ever covered by insurance.
8. George is diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, so he and his wife consult an attorney to draw up and sign documents giving George’s wife the legal authority to make decisions about George’s care. Such a document is called:
a. living will
b. a probated will
c. a medical power of attorney
d. a right to die document
9. In comparison to grieving rituals common in the United States a century ago, today the grief rituals are _________ and are _________ effective in helping survivors deal with their loss.
a. longer; more
b. longer; no more
c. shorter; more
d. shorter; no more
10. In 1900, the death rate of U.S. children under the age of 5 was ____; in 2014 it was ____.
a. 8%; 4%
b.18%; 8%
c. 50%; 5%
d. 30%; 1.5%
Name_______________________________
Chapter 18—Death and Dying—Quick Quiz 2
1. Generalizing from the text, terror management theory seems to provide the best predictions for which of the following groups of people?
a. older people from collectivist cultures
b. older people from individualist cultures
c. younger people from collectivist cultures
d. younger people from individualist cultures
2. According to the theory set forth by Kübler-Ross, the stage of adjustment in which the terminal patient has recognized that death will come is called:
a. acceptance
b. depression
c. anticipatory grief
d. bereavement overload
3. Brittany, age 23, has just been told by her doctor that she has only a few months to live due to a heart ailment. Her reaction is to say that the diagnosis must be wrong and to seek out opinions from other doctors. Brittany’s reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying?
a. depression
b. anger
c. denial
d. acceptance
4. Statistically speaking, which of the following people would be at the highest risk of suicide?
a. a married woman
b. a married man
c. a man who has just become a widower
d. a woman who has just become a widow
5. Terry, a 73-year-old widower, was in the hospital for six months with cancer. Finally, the painful treatments got to be too much for him and he just gave up and let himself die. This passive form of suicide is best considered to be an example of:
a. suicide-by-proxy
b. anticipatory suicide
c. submissive death
d. unilateral death
6. The goal of hospice is to:
a. keep down the cost of health care
b. prevent contamination from contagious diseases
c. help terminally ill patients live their final days as fully and independently as possible
d. allow the terminally ill person a spiritual retreat before death
7. A legal document that informs both family and healthcare workers of the signer’s wish to avoid the use of “heroic measures” to maintain life in the event of irreversible illness is called a(n):
a. donor’s will
b. medical power of attorney
c. intestate will
d. living will
8. MacDonald’s has established a network of “Ronald McDonald” houses near major hospitals so that families of very ill children will have a place to stay while visiting their ill child. This charity is best considered to be an example of:
a. hospice care
b. palliative care
c. bereavement assistance
d. grief work
9. When Elisabeth Kübler-Ross began her research on death and dying in the 1960s, she commonly observed all of the following EXCEPT:
a. patients were sometimes not told they had a terminal diagnosis
b. doctors and nurses seemed to avoid patients who were dying
c. doctors and nurses provided better and more attentive care, but only after a terminal diagnosis was certain
d. patients were discouraged from talking about their own deaths
10. Renaldo, who has had several friends die as the result of a natural disaster in the past few days, is now overwhelmed with grief, to the point where he doesn’t eat or want to go outside his house. Renaldo’s condition is best considered to be an example of:
a. bereavement overload
b. palliative trauma
c. chronic grief
d. anticipatory grief
Quick Quiz Answers
Quick Quiz 18.1
1. b; 18.1.1
2. d; 18.1.3
3. b; 18.2.2
4. a; 18.2.3
5. d; 18.2.4
6. d; 18.3.1
7. a; 18.3.1
8. c; 18.3.3
9. d; 18.4.2
10. d; 18.5.1
Quick Quiz 18.2
1. d; 18.1.3
2. a; 18.2.2
3. c; 18.2.2
4. c; 18.2.4
5. c; 18.2.4
6. c; 18.3.1
7. d; 18.3.3
8. b; 18.3.4
9. a; 18.4.1
10. a; 18.5.1
Chapter 18
Death and Dying
Learning Objectives:
18.1: Explain how sociocultural context affects human responses to death
18.2: Summarize ways in which humans cope with imminent death
18.3: Compare end-of-life options in the United States
18.4: Contextualize human responses to bereavement
18.5: Analyze responses to the process of child death
18.6: Evaluate the place of death in the human developmental cycle
Multiple Choice questions:
Thoughts and Fears of Death
Learning Objective 18.1: Explain how sociocultural context affects human responses to death
18.01. In comparison to how developmental psychologists engaged with the study of death a few decades ago, today there is _____ interest in studying death and psychologists know _____ about how people approach and experience their own death, as well as the deaths of others.
a. more; more
b. more; less
c. less; more
d. less; less
Module: Chapter Introduction
Learning Objective 18.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: In recent decades, death has been studied thoroughly. As compared to the past, we now have a better understanding of how people typically confront the prospect of death—their own as well as others’—and how we cope with the psychological loss that death implies.
18.02. Up until the middle of the 20th century, in the United States death usually occurred in:
a. hospitals
b. hospices
c. the home
d. nursing homes
Module: 18.1.1: Denial of Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
18.03. According to the text, in the United States today, death usually occurs in:
a. hospices
b. the home
c. the workplace
d. hospitals
Module: 18.1.1: Denial of Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Understand the Concept
Easy
18.04. The text notes that today in the United States, we live in an era of “invisible death.” By this, the text means that:
a. the rituals surrounding death are very clear and well understood by members of our culture
b. we often cope with death by denying its existence in our lives
c. most people die while they are unconscious, thus the last moments of life are peaceful
d. the terror surrounding death is paralyzing and therefore we seldom see death approaching us
Module: 18.1.1: Denial of Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Some theorists have suggested that we currently live in an era of “invisible death,” where we cope with death through psychological denial. Although we know that everyone dies, we distance ourselves emotionally from the realization that death will eventually come to us.
18.05. Generalizing from the text’s discussion of how death is considered today in Western societies, which of the following terms best characterizes how people in these societies deal with death?
a. acceptance
b. anger
c. worry
d. denial
Module: 18.1.1: Denial of Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Some theorists have suggested that in Western nations, we currently live in an era of “invisible death,” where we cope with death through psychological denial. Although we know that everyone dies, we distance ourselves emotionally from the realization that death will eventually come to us.
18.06. In comparison to how dying patients were cared for four or five decades ago, today medical staff members are _____ likely to encourage dying patients to talk about their impending deaths and are _____ likely to be trained in caring for terminally patients.
a. less; less
b. less; more
c. more; less
d. more; more
Module: 18.1.1: Denial of Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.07. According to research described in the text, _______ individuals and those with _______ religious beliefs are typically found to have the least anxiety about their own death.
a. younger; strong
b. younger; no
c. older; strong
d. older; no
Module: 18.1.2: Reactions to Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: Studies have found that older adults generally are somewhat less anxious about death than younger people are. Religious beliefs are also important in coping with death. Research has repeatedly shown that people with strong religious convictions and a deep belief in an afterlife experience less depression and anxiety about death.
18.08. Dr. Christiansen believes that thinking about death is very frightening to most people, and they cope by becoming more attentive to others around them, thereby enhancing their own self-esteem. Dr. Christiansen’s beliefs are most similar to those advanced by:
a. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development
b. Erikson’s conceptualization of the stage of generativity versus stagnation
c. Erikson’s conceptualization the stage of integrity versus despair
d. terror management theory
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: According to terror management theory—our biologically motivated desire for life is in direct contradiction with our knowledge that we will die at some point. This conflict gives rise to terror. If this terror is not addressed, it can be psychologically paralyzing and lead to despair and depression over the hopelessness of our situation. According to terror management theory, we cope with this terror by developing our self-esteem. We work on becoming competent, attached, and important to other people and on attending to the needs of others, as well as ourselves.
18.09. According to terror management theory, confronting death leads us to:
a. feel anger
b. feel despair
c. enhance our self-esteem
d. engage in denial
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.10. According to terror management theory, thinking about one’s own death leads to which of the following?
a. denial
b. despair
c. confusion
d. a stronger self-concept
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One's Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.11. Suppose you conduct a research study in China, which has a collectivist culture, and the Unites Stated. In your study, you encourage adults in both cultures to think about and write about their own deaths. Generalizing from similar research described in the text, you should expect that the U.S. participants in your study will experience a greater tendency to focus on _________ and that their self-esteem will ___________, relative to the Chinese participants.
a. collectivism; increase
b. collectivism; decrease
c. individualism; increase
d. individualism; decrease
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: The text reports a study of Australians and Japanese participants, in which the Australians experienced an enhanced individualism and a greater focus on their own self-esteem when they were asked to consider their own mortality (Kashima, Halloran, & Yuki, 2004).
18.12. According to the text, people with high levels of self-esteem generally experience ____ death-related anxiety, and this result is _________ with predictions from terror management theory.
a. more; consistent
b. more; inconsistent
c. less; consistent
d. less; inconsistent
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: The text cites research that demonstrates that people with high levels of self-esteem generally experience less death-related anxiety. This is consistent with terror management theory, which suggests that we cope with the terror created by our awareness of our own mortality by developing our self-esteem.
18.13. Generalizing from the text, terror management theory seems to provide the best predictions for which of the following groups of people?
a. older people from collectivist cultures
b. older people from individualist cultures
c. younger people from collectivist cultures
d. younger people from individualist cultures
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: Anxiety over death is particularly acute in individualist cultures where the focus is on personal accomplishments. When the cultural context is more collectivist and group welfare is emphasized over that of an individual, there is less anxiety about death. Additionally, because of their greater anxiety about death, terror management theories may better explain the relationship between self-esteem and anxiety for younger, compared to older, adults.
Confronting One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.2: Summarize ways in which humans cope with imminent death
18.14. If you asked a high school student, “If you knew you had 2 months to live, what would you most want to do?” the most typical response would be:
a. spend more time with my family
b. spend more time with my friends
c. travel and do the things that I want to do but have not yet had the chance
d. kill myself
Module: 18.2: Confronting One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text describes a study in which young people and older adults were asked how they would spend the remaining six months of their life if they know that was all they had. The typical response was to describe activities such as traveling and trying to do the things they had not yet had the chance to do.
18.15. If you asked an older adult, “If you knew you had 2 months to live, what would you most want to do?” the most typical response would be:
a. spend more time with my family and friends
b. take time to do the things I’ve always wanted to do but have never had time for
c. travel and read
d. kill myself
Module: 18.2: Confronting One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text describes a study in which young people and older adults were asked how they would spend the remaining six months of their life if they know that was all they had. Older adults typically talked about contemplation, meditation, and other inner-focused pursuits and about spending time with their families and those closest to them.
18.16. If you asked a young person and an older adult, “If you knew you had 2 months to live, what would you most want to do,” you would expect that the young person would say__________ and the older adult would say_______________:
a. spend time with family and friends; travel and experience the world
b. travel and experience the world; spend time with family and friends
c. spend time with family and friends; spend time with family and friends
d. travel and experience the world; travel and experience the world
Module: 18.2: Confronting One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: The text describes a study in which young people and older adults were asked how they would spend the remaining six months of their life if they know that was all they had. The typical response from younger people was to describe activities, such as traveling and trying to do the things they had not yet had the chance to do. Older adults typically talked about contemplation, meditation, and other inner-focused pursuits and about spending time with their families and those closest to them.
18.17. Which of the following lists the five stages of death and dying described by Kübler-Ross in the correct order?
a. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
b. depression, denial, anger, bargaining, acceptance
c. anger, depression, denial, bargaining, acceptance
d. anger, denial, bargaining, depression, acceptance
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.18. Which of the following people was the researcher who studied the way people typically adjust to their own death and who identified five stages that many people go through as they prepare for their own death?
a. Mary Ainsworth
b. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
c. Anna Erikson
d. Robert Havighurst
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Understand the Concept
Easy
18.19. According to the work of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following statements best reflects the anger stage of dying?
a. “I'm a goner.”
b. “The doctor has given me the wrong diagnosis.”
c. “Why me?”
d. “How can I get out of this?”
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, people in the anger stage realize their death is imminent and experience anger, resentment, and envy; they feel frustrated because plans and dreams will not be fulfilled.
18.20. According to the view of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, the stage of adjustment to dying in which the person searches for a more promising diagnosis is called:
a. depression
b. bargaining
c. denial
d. anger
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, people in the denial stage reject the possibility of their death and search for more promising opinions and diagnoses.
18.21. Brittany, age 23, has just been told by her doctor that she has only a few months to live due to a heart ailment. Her reaction is to say that the diagnosis must be wrong and to seek out opinions from other doctors. Brittany’s reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying?
a. depression
b. anger
c. denial
d. acceptance
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, people in the denial stage reject the possibility of their death and search for more promising opinions and diagnoses.
18.22. Edie, age 33, is full of resentment and envy because a terminal illness is going to cut short her career as a writer. Edie’s reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying?
a. denial
b. anger
c. depression
d. acceptance
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, people in the anger stage realize their death is imminent and experience anger, resentment, and envy; they feel frustrated because plans and dreams will not be fulfilled.
18.23. Gordie promises that if God will just give him six months more to live, he will give up smoking and be a better husband. Gordie’s reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying:
a. denial
b. anger
c. bargaining
d. acceptance
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, people in the bargaining stage look for ways to buy time, making promises and negotiating with their God, doctors, nurses, or others for more time and for relief from pain and suffering.
18.24. Andrea, age 45, has developed a sense of hopelessness over her terminal illness, and she especially mourns the approaching separation from her friends and family. Andrea’s reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying?
a. denial
b. anger
c. bargaining
d. depression
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, the depression stage occurs when helplessness and hopelessness take hold as bargaining fails or time runs out; people mourn both for the losses that have already occurred and for the death and separation from family and friends that will soon occur.
18.25. Lyle, who is about to die of cancer, has stopped fighting the illness and now awaits his fate quietly. Lyle’s reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying?
a. denial
b. acceptance
c. bargaining
d. depression
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, in the acceptance stage, people accept the fact of imminent death and await death calmly.
18.26. When Rod was diagnosed with terminal cancer, he sought out another doctor to get a different diagnosis. Rod’s reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Rosss five stages of dying?
a. anger
b. denial
c. bargaining
d. depression
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, people in the denial stage reject the possibility of their death and search for more promising opinions and diagnoses.
18.27. Yolanda is dying from cancer. She promises God that she will remarry her ex-husband if she is freed from the disease. Yolanda’s reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying?
a. anger
b. denial
c. bargaining
d. depression
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, people in the bargaining stage look for ways to buy time, making promises and negotiating with their God, doctors, nurses, or others for more time and for relief from pain and suffering.
18.28. A terminally ill patient keeps saying, “This can't be happening to me.” This patient’s reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying?
a. anger
b. denial
c. bargaining
d. depression
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, people in the denial stage reject the possibility of their death and search for more promising opinions and diagnoses.
18.29. Jodi is dying from a rare blood disorder, but insists that her doctor has made a mistake in the diagnosis. Jodi’s reaction is best considered to be an example of which of Kübler-Ross’s five stages of dying?
a. anger
b. denial
c. bargaining
d. depression
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, people in the denial stage reject the possibility of their death and search for more promising opinions and diagnoses.
18.30. According to the theory proposed by Kübler-Ross, the stage of adjustment in which the terminal patient feels frustrated by the fact that plans and dreams will not be fulfilled is called:
a. resentment
b. bargaining
c. anger
d. depression
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.31. A man dying of lung cancer asks his doctor to confirm that he will be cured from his cancer if he quits smoking. According to the theory set forth by Kübler-Ross, this man is most likely in the stage of:
a. bargaining
b. acceptance
c. denial
d. depression
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: A figure in the text outlines Kübler-Ross’s five stages of death and dying. According to this figure, people in the bargaining stage look for ways to buy time, making promises and negotiating with their God, doctors, nurses, or others for more time and for relief from pain and suffering.
18.32. According to the theory set forth by Kübler-Ross, the stage of adjustment in which the terminal patient grieves for the people and things that will be left behind after death is called:
a. acceptance
b. denial
c. anger
d. depression
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Understand the Concept
Easy
18.33. According to the theory set forth by Kübler-Ross, the stage of adjustment in which the terminal patient has recognized that death will come is called:
a. acceptance
b. depression
c. anticipatory grief
d. bereavement overload
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Understand the Concept
Easy
18.34. Research studies of how people actually progress through Kübler-Ross’s stages of dying suggests that ______ people experience the five stages she identified and these five stages are _______ experienced in the order she specified.
a. all; always
b. all; sometimes
c. most; always
d. most; sometimes
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text notes that not all people experience all the stages, and only a few people experience the stages in the specified order.
18.35. According to the text, what should healthcare providers do if a terminally ill patient is not progressing through the five stages of death in the proper sequence or is stuck in one stage for too long a period of time?
a. encourage the person to spend more time thinking about death
b. suggest the person reconsider his or her religious beliefs
c. allow the person to follow whatever path he or she chooses toward death
d. refer the person for a psychological evaluation and possible counseling
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: The text notes that it is important to remember that people cope with death in individual ways and therefore no one should be forced or expected to adjust according to a set pattern of stages. Instead, each person should be allowed to follow his or her unique path to dying.
18.36. According to research cited in the text, when caregivers were asked to comment about the relief they felt following their loved one’s death, ____ reported that death was a relief to them and ____ reported that they felt it provided a welcome relief to the person who died.
a. the majority; the majority
b. the majority; only a small minority
c. only a small minority; the majority
d. only a small minority; only a small minority
Module: 18.2.3: Coping With Terminal Illness
Learning Objective 18.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.37. In the United States today, the ideal death trajectory is:
a. to die in battle, fighting for one’s country
b. to die suddenly, without warning
c. to have about six months after the diagnosis of a terminal illness to adjust
d. to have two to three years after the diagnosis of a terminal illness to adjust
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: In the United States today, the commonly accepted ideal trajectory is to be healthy to age 85 or more, put your affairs in order, and die suddenly and without pain, perhaps while asleep.
18.38. According to the text, the term “submissive death” refers to which of the following circumstances?
a. when palliative care is unavailable
b. when the family withdraws life support
c. when the ill person neglects his or her own needs
d. when death occurs suddenly
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.39. According to the text, the term that is used to describe the situation where people fail to take care of themselves and essentially contribute to their own premature death is which of the following?
a. suicidal erosion
b. anticipatory death
c. anticipatory suicide
d. submissive death
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.40. Terry, a 73-year-old widower, was in the hospital for six months with cancer. Finally, the painful treatments got to be too much for him and he just stopped eating, gave up, and let himself die. This passive form of suicide is best considered to be an example of:
a. suicide-by-proxy
b. anticipatory suicide
c. submissive death
d. unilateral death
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Submissive death occurs when people simply let themselves die by not caring for themselves.
18.41. Lance’s doctor told him 15 years ago that if he did not change his lifestyle, the drinking, smoking, and drug abuse were going to kill him. Lance didn’t heed the warning, claiming that if he died no one would miss him anyway, and now he has died. Lance’s situation is best considered to be an example of:
a. suicidal erosion
b. passive death
c. assisted suicide
d. unilateral death
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: Suicidal erosion is an indirect form of suicide by engaging in high-risk activities, such as excessive drinking, smoking, or other drug abuse.
18.42. Suicide that occurs when one simply gives up and allows oneself die is called:
a. submissive death
b. suicidal erosion
c. vital loss
d. palliative suicide
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.43. The greatest number of suicides occurs among:
a. female adolescents
b. male adolescents
c. older women
d. older men
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text notes that although the most highly publicized suicides are those of young adults, adolescents, and even schoolchildren, the greatest number of suicides occur among older men. This can also be seen in Figure 18.1, which shows the suicide rates for men and women.
18.44. A small town has experienced an unusually high suicide rate in recent years. Local officials try to prevent future suicides by concentrating their efforts on those most likely to commit suicide. These people would be:
a. women under age 21
b. women between ages 21 and 35
c. men under age 21
d. men over age 75
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text notes that although the most highly publicized suicides are those of young adults, adolescents, and even schoolchildren, the greatest number of suicides occur among older men. This can also be seen in Figure 18.1, which shows the suicide rates for men and women.
18.45. If all of the following people are the same age, who is statistically most likely to commit suicide?
a. Alan, a White man
b. Jeffrey, a Black man
c. Lacey, a Black women
d. Juan, a Hispanic man
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Statistically, white men have the highest suicide rate over all other groups, as shown in Figure 18.2.
18.46. If all of the following people are the same age, who is statistically LEAST likely to commit suicide?
a. Tasha, a Black woman
b. Ryan, a Black man
c. Lindsey, a White woman
d. Robert, a White man
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: Statistically, white men have the highest suicide rate over all other groups, as shown in Figure 18.2.
18.47. According to the text, for White adults over the age 85, which of the following is true?
a. Men are six times more likely to commit suicide than women.
b. Women are six times more likely to commit suicide than men.
c. Men are two times more likely to commit suicide than women.
d. Women are two times more likely to commit suicide than men.
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.48. If you examined a stack of death certificates of White people age 85 and older who died of suicide and find that 100 of these belong to women, you would guess that the number of men’s records in this stack would number about:
a. 100
b. 200
c. 400
d. 600
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: The text reports that about six times as many White men over age 85 as White women in this age group commit suicide. Thus, if records show that there were 100 women’s suicides, there likely would be 600 men’s suicides.
18.49. Statistics indicate that, among those age 85 and older, for every 100 women who commit suicide, about ____ men commit suicide.
a. 100
b. 200
c. 400
d. 600
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text reports that about six times as many older men as women commit suicide. Thus, for every 100 older women’s suicides, there likely would be 600 older men’s suicides.
18.50. Compared to the suicide rate at age 50, the suicide rate at age 85 is _____ for men and _____ for women.
a. much higher; much higher
b. slightly lower; slightly higher
c. about the same; slightly higher
d. considerably higher, slightly lower
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: Figure 18.1 shows suicide rates across adulthood for men and women. At age 50, the suicide rate for women is about 8 deaths per 100,000, compared to men’s rate of about 30 deaths per 100,000. At age 85, the women’s rate is about 4 deaths per 100,000 and the men’s rate is about 50 deaths per 100,000. Thus, the women’s rate declines slightly between age 50 and age 85, while the men’s rate increases significantly.
18.51. Statistically speaking, which of the following people would be at the highest risk of suicide?
a. a younger man who has just become a widower
b. a younger women who has just become a widow
c. an older man who has just become a widower
d. an older woman who has just become a widow
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The greatest number of suicides occurs among older men. Additionally, widowers particularly are at a higher risk for suicide than the general population, especially during the first year of bereavement.
18.52. Statistically speaking, which of the following people would be at the highest risk of suicide?
a. a married woman
b. a married man
c. a man who has just become a widower
d. a woman who has just become a widow
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text notes that overall, six times as many older men as older women commit suicide. This trend also is seen in Figure 18.1. Additionally, widowers particularly are at a higher risk for suicide than the general population, especially during the first year of bereavement.
The Search for a Humane Death
Learning Objective 18.3: Compare end-of-life options in the United States
18.53. According to research cited in the text, people who attempt to control their own environment and make their own choices regarding their impending death:
a. are more likely to become depressed
b. have weaker coping skills
c. survive longer
d. help their friends and relatives grieve more successfully after they die
Module: 18.3: The Search for a Humane Death
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.54. The goal of hospice is to:
a. keep down the cost of health care
b. prevent contamination from contagious diseases
c. help terminally ill patients live their final days as fully and independently as possible
d. allow the terminally ill person a spiritual retreat before death
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Easy
18.55. When was the first hospice established?
a. 1909
b. 1945
c. 1967
d. 2001
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.56. According to the text, about what percent of hospice care is provided while the patient is in a hospital?
a. less than 1%
b. about 9%
c. about 50%
d. about 75%
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.57. According to the text, what is the major source of funding for hospice care?
a. Social Security
b. Medicare
c. private insurance
d. gifts and contributions from individuals and corporations
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Easy
18.58. Which of the following is NOT true regarding hospice care?
a. Hospice care is usually covered by insurance.
b. Hospice care is designed to help the ill person live as independently as possible.
c. Hospice care is designed to help the family of the ill person understand the process of dying.
d. Hospice care originated in the late 1800s in New England.
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: Hospice care was started in England, but in 1967. Thus, it is a modern institution, rather than older one.
18.59. Between 2003 and 2014, the number of hospice patients served in the United States:
a. decreased very slightly
b. remained about the same
c. increased very slightly
d. increased significantly
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: Figure 18.3 shows the number of hospice patients in the United States as being about 1 million in 2003 and around 1.6 million in 2014, which is about a 60% increase, which would be considered significant.
18.60. About how many hospice programs are currently certified in the United States?
a. 50, which is 1 per state
b. 101, which is 2 per state, plus 1 in the District of Columbia
c. about 2,000
d. more than 6,000
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.61. Karen has a terminal illness. She is considering living out her days as independently and painlessly as possible in a residential facility designed to provide assistance and comfort to dying patients. The care she is seeking is often referred to as:
a. respite care
b. hospice care
c. a halfway house program
d. a bereavement setting
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Hospice is designed to help people with a terminal illness live out their days as fully and independently as possible by giving needed care, counseling, support, and other assistance both to patients and to their families and loved ones.
18.62. Sally is in the final stage of dying from cancer. She lives at her home, is visited daily by her physician and staff, and receives spiritual guidance from the pastor of her church. The staff of a local organization that coordinates Sally’s care also provides bereavement care to her family. The goal of Sally’s caregivers is to help her live out her days as fully and independently as possible. The type of care that Sally is receiving is best thought of as an example of:
a. hospice care
b. outpatient care
c. natural care
d. adult day care
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Hospice is designed to help people with a terminal illness live out their days as fully and independently as possible by giving needed care, counseling, support, and other assistance both to patients and to their families and loved ones. It is based on the philosophy that death is a natural process and that individuals should be allowed to maintain some control over how they die.
18.63. At what point in a person’s illness and death do hospice care programs typically end for family members?
a. at the time of the patient’s death
b. Three days following the patient’s death.
c. One week after the patient’s funeral, whenever that occurs
d. after the bereavement process is complete
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.64. The text points out an inconsistency between hospice care and hospital care. Which of the following best captures the sense of that inconsistency?
a. Hospitals focus on keeping patients alive, whereas hospice is focused on helping a person die.
b. In a hospital, decisions about extending life are made by the patient but in hospice care trained professionals make these decisions for the patient.
c. Most real care in hospitals is done by nurses but in hospice care the real care is done by physicians.
d. Most hospital care is covered by insurance but hospice care is hardly ever covered by insurance.
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: Hospitals are devoted to life and life support; hospital personnel tend to see death as the enemy, and they often work to prolong life, sometimes irrespective of the wishes of the patient. The hospice concept emphasizes that death is a normal and natural stage of life to be approached with dignity. Both hospital care and hospice care are usually covered by insurance.
18.65. The core concept in the “right to die” approach is:
a. suicide should not be considered murder
b. that death is a right to be exercised at the individual’s discretion
c. physicians who perform assisted suicide should be prosecuted for murder
d. premature infants who could not survive without life support should be allowed to die, regardless of their parents’ wishes
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Easy
18.66. A more formal term for the practice sometimes referred to as mercy killing is:
a. euthanasia
b. palliative aid
c. rational suicide
d. suicidal erosion
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.67. According to the text, which of the following famous people died as the result of active euthanasia:
a. Jean Piaget
b. Lawrence Kohlberg
c. Mary Ainsworth
d. Sigmund Freud
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: Freud asked his physician to inject him with a fatal dose of morphine when his cancer pain became too great. This is an example of assisted suicide, which is a form of active euthanasia.
18.68. In the United States, active euthanasia is considered to be:
a. an option only for patients who have flat brain waves
b. one option that hospice patients can request
c. murder
d. on option only for people who need a ventilator to breathe on their own
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.69. Erik has a terminal illness which is causing him great pain. He and his family are discussing their options with Erik’s physician, including having Erik himself self-administer a lethal drug. If this is the option Erik chooses, the process would be an example of:
a. passive euthanasia
b. active euthanasia
c. negative euthanasia
d. positive euthanasia
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: Active euthanasia is defined as taking steps to bring about another person’s death. Assisted suicide is the term given to cases in which the ill person is provided with a means of ending his or her own life, which is the case that is described in this question. Assisted suicide is considered to be a special case of active euthanasia. The terms “positive euthanasia” and “negative euthanasia” have no particular meaning, and thus are not the best answer choice for this question.
18.70. Roger begs his doctor to give Roger a fatal injection so Roger can “end my pain and suffering.” Roger’s request is for:
a. passive euthanasia
b. active euthanasia
c. negative euthanasia
d. positive euthanasia
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: Active euthanasia is defined as taking steps to bring about another person’s death. Passive euthanasia involves withholding or disconnecting life-sustaining equipment so that death can occur naturally. The terms “positive euthanasia” and “negative euthanasia” have no particular meaning, and thus are not the best answer choice for this question.
18.71. The use of “death machines” that administer a lethal drug automatically when a patient pushes a button is an example of the practice of:
a. assisted suicide
b. passive euthanasia
c. palliative end-of-life care
d. suicidal erosion
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Assisted suicide is the term given to cases in which the ill person is provided with a means of ending his or her own life and it is considered to be a special case of active euthanasia.
18.72. Polls usually indicate that the majority of the U. S. public ______ active euthanasia and the American Medical Association’s official position is _______ using active euthanasia as a means of ending a person’s life.
a. opposes; strongly opposed to
b. opposes; actively in favor of
c. is in favor of; strongly opposed to
d. is in favor of; actively in favor of
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: The text notes that most polls indicate that the majority of U.S. people now support the right of a person with a terminal illness to receive a lethal drug from their physician if they wish. Some healthcare organizations also endorse this view, but the AMA strongly opposes suicide with the assistance of a physician.
18.73. Suppose Paul believes that every dying person should be able to receive a medicine from a physician that will bring death quickly and painlessly. Paul’s position would ______ the opinion help by the majority of U.S. adults and would ______ the official position of the American Medical Association.
a. be consistent with; be consistent with
b. be consistent with; differ from
c. differ from; be consistent with
d. differ from; differ from
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: The text notes that most polls indicate that the majority of U. S. people now support the right of a person with a terminal illness to receive a lethal drug from their physician if they wish. Some healthcare organizations also endorse this view, but the AMA strongly opposes suicide with the assistance of a physician. Thus, Paul’s position is consistent with the majority of U. S. adults, but different from the official position of the AMA.
18.74. Rosanne has a terminal condition, and she has decided to request that her doctors withhold all life-sustaining procedures, so that her death will come about naturally. Rosanne’s request is best considered an example of:
a. passive euthanasia
b. active euthanasia
c. natural euthanasia
d. assisted suicide
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: Passive euthanasia involves withholding or disconnecting life-sustaining equipment so that death can occur naturally. Active euthanasia is defined as taking steps to bring about another person’s death. Assisted suicide is the term given to cases in which the ill person is provided with a means of ending his or her own life and it is considered to be a special case of active euthanasia. The term “natural euthanasia” has no particular meaning, and thus is not the best answer choice for this question.
18.75. A legal document that informs both family and healthcare workers of the signer’s wish to avoid the use of “heroic measures” to maintain life in the event of irreversible illness is called a(n):
a. donor’s will
b. medical power of attorney
c. intestate will
d. living will
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.76. Kayla has drafted a legal document that informs both her family and healthcare workers of her wish to avoid the use of heroic measures to maintain her life in the event of irreversible illness. This document is called a:
a. medical power of attorney
b. last will and testament
c. living will
d. dying declaration
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: A living will informs a person’s family, or others who may be concerned, of the person’s wish to avoid the use of heroic or extraordinary measures to maintain life in the event of irreversible illness. It is not legally binding; however, a living will does clarify a person’s wishes and provides both comfort and some legal protection to a loved one who makes the decision to discontinue the use of artificial means to sustain life.
18.77. In her elderly years, Barb signed a legal document that informed her family and doctor of her wish to avoid the use of heroic measures to keep her alive if she gets an irreversible illness. This document would be called:
a. a medical power of attorney
b. a living will
c. an intestate will
d. a donor's will
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: A living will informs a person’s family, or others who may be concerned, of the person’s wish to avoid the use of heroic or extraordinary measures to maintain life in the event of irreversible illness. It is not legally binding; however, a living will does clarify a person’s wishes and provides both comfort and some legal protection to a loved one who makes the decision to discontinue the use of artificial means to sustain life.
18.78. A legal document that sets forth a person’s request for passive euthanasia is called a:
a. last will and testament
b. hospice request
c. living will
d. death trajectory
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: A living will informs a person’s family, or others who may be concerned, of the person’s wish to avoid the use of heroic or extraordinary measures to maintain life in the event of irreversible illness. It is not legally binding; however, a living will does clarify a person’s wishes and provides both comfort and some legal protection to a loved one who makes the decision to discontinue the use of artificial means to sustain life.
18.79. A person who would like to make his or her wishes known regarding the extent to which “heroic measures” should be taken to maintain his or her life in the event of irreversible illness or injury should:
a. make arrangements for hospice care
b. contact a medical doctor to enter a “assisted suicide pact”
c. hire an attorney to draw up a living will
d. make arrangements for palliative care
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: A living will informs a person’s family, or others who may be concerned, of the person’s wish to avoid the use of heroic or extraordinary measures to maintain life in the event of irreversible illness. It is not legally binding; however, a living will does clarify a person’s wishes and provides both comfort and some legal protection to a loved one who makes the decision to discontinue the use of artificial means to sustain life.
18.80. George is diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, so he and his wife consult an attorney to draw up and sign documents giving George’s wife the legal authority to make decisions about George’s care. Such a document is called:
a. living will
b. a probated will
c. a medical power of attorney
d. a right to die document
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Medical power of attorney refers to a legal document by which a person authorizes another to make life-or-death medical decisions.
18.81. Suppose Sarah is worried that she will become too ill to make sound decisions about her own care, and she wants to have a family member have the legal authority to make these decisions for her. If she decides to put her wishes in writing, she should have a _______ create a ________ for her.
a. physician; living will
b. physician; medical power of attorney
c. lawyer; living will
d. lawyer; medical power of attorney
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: A living will informs a person’s family, or others who may be concerned, of the person’s wish to avoid the use of heroic or extraordinary measures to maintain life in the event of irreversible illness. It is not legally binding; however, a living will does clarify a person’s wishes and provides both comfort and some legal protection to a loved one who makes the decision to discontinue the use of artificial means to sustain life. A medical power of attorney is a legally binding document by which a person authorizes another to make life-or-death medical decisions. A medical power of attorney document typically is created by lawyers.
18.82. A medical power of attorney serves to:
a. give the physician the legal authority to end the person’s life if the person is in extreme pain and no recovery is possible
b. assign the decisions about how a person will be cared for to a friend or family member, should the person become too ill to make these decisions
c. legally bind a physician to provide “all due care” for the person up to the moment of natural death
d. advise the next of kin that the person does not wish to use heroic measures to sustain life
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.83. If a person completes a “Five Wishes” document, this would imply that the person has also completed:
a. a living will and a medical power of attorney
b. a living will but NOT a medial power of attorney
c. a medical power of attorney but NOT a living will
d. neither a living will nor a medical power of attorney
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.84. According to the text, the “Five Wishes” document is now considered legally binding in:
a. 5 states
b. 12 states
c. 42 states and the District of Columbia
d. all 50 states and the District of Columbia
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.85. Which of the following best captures the central aim of palliative care?
a. to extend the person’s life
b. to limit the person’s physical pain
c. to bring death more quickly than a terminal illness would cause
d. to allow terminally ill patients and their families to live as normal a life as possible
Module: 18.3.4: Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.86. MacDonald’s has established a network of “Ronald McDonald” houses near major hospitals so that families of very ill children will have a place to stay while visiting their ill child. This charity is best considered to be an example of:
a. hospice care
b. palliative care
c. bereavement assistance
d. grief work
Module: 18.3.4: Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Learning Objective 18.3
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Palliative care can be defined as care that attempts to prevent or relieve the emotional distress and physical difficulties associated with a life-threatening illness. The aim is for the terminally ill and their families to continue to live as normal a life as possible.
18.87. Which of the following best captures the central aim of end-of-life care?
a. to extend the person’s life
b. to provide counseling for the dying patient’s family and friends
c. to bring death more quickly than a terminal illness would cause
d. to allow terminally ill patients to settle affairs and make decisions about how life will end
Module: 18.3.4: Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.88. Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines provided by the American Medical Association’s position on end-of-life care?
a. Physicians have the right to withhold information about any discomfort associated with death from the patient, based on their judgment of the patient’s mental state.
b. Patients should be assured that their wishes will be followed regarding the end-of-life arrangements.
c. Patients will be treated with dignity and respect throughout all stages of their illness.
d. Provisions should be made so pain is reduced and comfort is increased, to the degree possible.
Module: 18.3.4: Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Learning Objective 18.3
Understand the Concept
Moderate
Grief and Bereavement
Learning Objective 18.4: Contextualize human responses to bereavement
18.89. According to the dual-process model of stress and coping, bereavement requires coping with two things:
a. stress and fatigue associated with caregiving
b. grief and life adjustments following the death of a loved one
c. anticipating death and experiencing death
d. denial and exhaustion
Module: 18.4: Grief and Bereavement
Learning Objective 18.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.90. Now that Cindy has died, her family members and close friends must make short-term adjustments, including planning Cindy’s funeral and dealing with their initial emotional reactions to Cindy’s death. According to the text, these short-term adjustments are called:
a. grief work
b. grief erosion
c. chronic grief
d. end-of-life care
Module: 18.4: Grief and Bereavement
Learning Objective 18.4
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: The text defines grief work as dealing with the emotional reactions to the loss of a loved one.
18.91. Gina’s husband of 47 years died, and Gina’s current focus is on learning how to care for herself, make decisions for herself, and forgive her husband for leaving her all alone. Gina’s focus is best considered to be an example of the tasks usually associated with which of the following stages of grieving?
a. the shock phase
b. the collapse phase
c. the renewal phase
d. the healing phase
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: In the healing phase of grieving, the person adjusts to the sense of loss and the new roles and responsibilities forced by the death of his or her loved one and comes to forgive the loved one for dying. The tasks in the healing phase are outlined in the text..
18.92. Matt’s wife of 38 years died of cancer. He is now at the point that he has established a new group of friends and he can remember his years with his wife with pleasure, rather than only with a sense of loss and grief. Matt’s focus is best considered to be an example of the tasks usually associated with which of the following stages of grieving?
a. the collapse phase
b. the renewal phase
c. the healing phase
d. the bereavement phase
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: In the renewal phase of grieving, a person establishes new life patterns and a future-oriented focus. The tasks in the renewal phase of grieving are outlined in the text.
18.93. Accepting new roles and learning to enjoy life again are tasks usually associated with which of the following stages of grieving?
a. the shock phase
b. the stress phase
c. the renewal phase
d. the healing phase
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.94. Before Leo died, his close friends were able to share their feelings of loss, guilt, and missed opportunities with him. This situation is best thought of as an example of:
a. bereavement overload
b. chronic grief
c. end-of-life care
d. anticipatory grief
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Evaluate It
Difficult
Rationale: Anticipatory grief refers to grief that is experienced as people emotionally prepare themselves for the death of a loved one, as in cases of prolonged terminal illness.
18.95. When Bonnie’s husband was diagnosed with terminal cancer, she prepared herself for the loss. She and her husband had many conversations about their feelings of loss, their time spent together, and what they would miss when he was gone. What is Bonnie experiencing?
a. anticipatory grief
c. chronic grief
b. bereavement overload
d. submissive death
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Anticipatory grief refers to grief that is experienced as people emotionally prepare themselves for the death of a loved one, as in cases of prolonged terminal illness.
18.96. According to the text, anticipatory grief can be beneficial, unless:
a. the grief is too intense
b. the dying person is a child
c. the dying person is an older adult
d. the dying person lives much longer than anticipated
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.97. Renaldo, who has had several friends die as the result of a natural disaster in the past few days, is now overwhelmed with grief, to the point where he doesn’t eat or want to go outside his house. Renaldo’s condition is best considered to be an example of:
a. bereavement overload
b. palliative trauma
c. chronic grief
d. anticipatory grief
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Evaluate It
Moderate
Rationale: Bereavement overload is a stress reaction experienced by people who lose several friends or loved ones during a short period of time, often characterized by depression.
18.98. In the same year that she retired, Julie’s father and sister-in-law both died. If Julie became depressed as the result of this significant loss, her depression would be attributed to:
a. bereavement overload
b. anticipatory grief
c. end-of-life trauma
d. passive euthanasia
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Bereavement overload is a stress reaction experienced by people who lose several friends or loved ones during a short period of time, often characterized by depression.
18.99. The loss of several loved ones in the span of a year or two may cause an increase in depression referred to as:
a. bereavement overload
b. anticipatory grief
c. learned helplessness
d. passive euthanasia
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: Bereavement overload is a stress reaction experienced by people who lose several friends or loved ones during a short period of time, often characterized by depression.
18.100. According to the text, depression is especially likely in cases that involve:
a. submissive death
b. passive euthanasia
c. anticipatory grief
d. bereavement overload
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Understand the Concept
Easy
18.101. Louis has never recovered from the death of his wife 15 years ago. This sort of pathological mourning process is labeled as:
a. posttraumatic stress disorder
b. chronic grief
c. bereavement overload
d. palliative grief
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Chronic grief refers to an ingrained, pathological mourning process in which the person never overcomes the grief.
18.102. The failure to ever recover from a loss is called:
a. social grief
b. anticipatory grief
c. chronic grief
d. bereavement overload
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.103. In comparison to grieving rituals common in the United States a century ago, today the grief rituals are _________ and are _________ effective in helping survivors deal with their loss.
a. longer; more
b. longer; no more
c. shorter; more
d. shorter; no more
Module: 18.4.2: Bereavement in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Learning Objective 18.4
Understand the Concept
Moderate
The Death of a Child
Learning Objective 18.5: Analyze responses to the process of child death
18.104. In 1900, the death rate of U.S. children under the age of 5 was ____; in 2014 it was ____.
a. 8%; 4%
b.18%; 8%
c. 50%; 5%
d. 30%; 1.5%
Module: 18.5.1: Statistics of Child Death
Learning Objective 18.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.105. In 1915, the infant mortality rate in the Unites States was ____; today it is ____.
a. 10%; less than1%
b. 20%; 5%
c. 30%; 13%
d. 50%; 20%
Module: 18.5.1: Statistics of Child Death
Learning Objective 18.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.106. If a couple in the United States were to have a child born this year, they should understand that the odds that the child would survive to age 5 years is about:
a. 99.99%
b. 99.5%
c. 98.5%
d. 95%
Module: 18.5.1: Statistics of Child Death
Learning Objective 18.5
Analyze It
Difficult
Rationale: The death rate for children under the age of 5 in the United States today is about 1.5%. Thus, the survival rate is 98.5%.
18.107. Of the children who die before they reach age 18, the largest percentages fall into which of the following age groups?
a. age 0 to age 1
b. age 1 to age 4
c. age 5 to age 9
d. age 15 to age 19
Module: 18.5.1: Statistics of Child Death
Learning Objective 18.5
Analyze It
Moderate
Rationale: Figure 18.4 shows the percentage of children’s deaths to be concentrated in the “under 1 year” category and this is also stated in the text.
18.108. Compared to 50 years ago, the average life expectancy for individuals who have intellectual or developmental disabilities is:
a. much longer, approaching a near-normal lifespan for most such people
b. slightly longer, but still considerably less than a normal lifespan
c. about the same as it was 50 years ago
d. slightly shorter, owing to more infants who today are born alive but die in infancy
Module: 18.5.2: Grief and Individuals With Disabilities
Learning Objective 18.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.109. The text reports the results of a study of grief patterns among parents of children who were killed in the Arab-Israeli conflict. This study found that _______ were more likely to see the forces that led to death as being external, and _______ expressed greater feelings of hopelessness about their loss.
a. mothers; mothers
b. mothers; fathers
c. fathers; mothers
d. fathers; fathers
Module: 18.5.3: Grieving When a Child Dies
Learning Objective 18.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
Completing the Life Cycle
Learning Objective 18.6: Evaluate the place of death in the human developmental cycle
18.110. According to the text, it is customary in Jewish families to emphasize the connection between birth and death by:
a. taking even very young children to funerals of friends and neighbors
b. keeping pictures of grandparents in every child’s room
c. naming children after a family member who has died
d. remembering the names of dead relatives in meal-time prayers
Module: 18.6.1: The Continuity of Birth and Death
Learning Objective 18.6
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.111. According to the text, it is customary in Chinese cultures to emphasize the connection between birth and death by:
a. keeping pictures of grandparents in every child’s room
b. urging young couples to marry or have a child when an older relative dies
c. naming children after recently deceased relatives
d. taking even very young children to funerals of friends and relatives
Module: 18.6.1: The Continuity of Birth and Death
Learning Objective 18.6
Understand the Concept
Moderate
Current Issues: Searching for Meaning in Natural Disasters, Accidents, Terrorism, and Personal Tragedies
18.112. According to terror management theory, we deal with uncertainly and tragedy in our lives by:
a. becoming depressed
b. establishing a positive self-concept
c. going into a state of self-denial
d. focusing on the quality of our interpersonal relationships with friends and family
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.113. According to research on terror management, if terrorists from a foreign country bombed the subways in New York City, killing innocent people, New Yorkers would be expected to cope by becoming _____ prejudiced against foreigners and spending ______ money on luxury goods:
a. more; more
b. more; less
c. less; more
d. less; less
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.114. According to research presented in the text, after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001, the most typical responses by U. S. citizens were to ________ their support for then-President Bush and to spend ______ money on luxury goods.
a. decrease; less
b. decrease; more
c. increase; less
d. increase; more
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Rationale: In a study that examined how thoughts about the 9/11 terrorist attack affected Americans’ attitudes about President George W. Bush, researchers found that reminding people about their own mortality or refreshing their memories about the 9/11 disaster increased their support for the president and his antiterrorist policies. Additionally, research suggests that we tend to become more materialistic following disasters. Conspicuous consumption—buying wanted things that enhance our status—may help us cope with the uncertainty about when our lives might end.
Changing Perspectives: Humane End-of-Life Care for Children Who Are Dying and for Their Families
18.115. Which of the following is NOT a reason cited in the text for why terminally ill children pose a special challenge to those providing end-of-life care?
a. Children do not have the same cognitive abilities as adults and they sometimes understand their illness in different ways.
b. Parents usually have adequate time to thoroughly research all treatment options and they sometimes interfere with physician’s orders.
c. Children’s terminal diseases are often rare and little is known about the best course of treatment to use.
d. Terminal illness of children seems especially unfair and family members often have a very hard time coming to terms with the fact their child is dying.
Module: 18.5.3: Grieving When a Child Dies
Learning Objective 18.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
18.116. Which of the following is NOT a working principle for caring for terminally ill children advocated by the Institute of Medicine?
a. to attend to and limit the pain the child experiences
b. to expand funding for more home-based care options
c. to expand funding for more hospital-based care options
d. to provide effective, ongoing education for healthcare professionals about the special circumstances and needs of children who are dying
Module: 18.5.3: Grieving When a Child Dies
Learning Objective 18.5
Understand the Concept
Moderate
Short Answer questions:
Thoughts and Fears of Death
Learning Objective 18.1: Explain how sociocultural context affects human responses to death
18.117. Identify three specific ways in which people in the United States today treat death differently than people living in the United States would have 100 years ago.
Module: 18.1.1: Denial of Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.118. Are people in the United States today more willing or less willing to discuss the topic of death, compared to the 1960s? Cite evidence for your conclusion.
Module: 18.1.1: Denial of Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Analyze It
Moderate
18.119. How does having a strong religious conviction and a secure belief in an afterlife typically affect how people react to their own impending death?
Module: 18.1.2: Reactions to Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
18.120 According to terror management theory, how do individuals cope with the anxiety they feel about their own death?
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.121. Would terror management theory predict that individuals from collectivist, or from individualist, cultures experience the most anxiety about their own deaths? Explain your answer.
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
Confronting One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.2: Summarize ways in which humans cope with imminent death
18.122. List the five stages of death and dying identified by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and indicate the usual order in which these stages occur.
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.123. Describe the typical reaction of family members who have cared for a loved one through a long and difficult terminal illness at the time that the loved one finally dies. Cite research evidence to support your description.
Module: 18.2.3: Coping With Terminal Illness
Learning Objective 18.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.124. Describe the ideal death trajectory held by most people in the United States today.
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.125. Describe the statistics associated with suicide in the United States, indicating how suicide rates are influenced by age and by marital status.
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Analyze It
Moderate
The Search for a Humane Death
Learning Objective 18.3: Compare end-of-life options in the United States
18.126. Why was the “Five Wishes” method created, and what is its central purpose?
Module: 18.3
Learning Objective 18.3
Evaluate It
Moderate
18.127. What services are typically provided by hospice care, both for the person who is dying and for that person’s family members?
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.128. State in your own words the core philosophy of the hospice movement.
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Moderate
18.129. Explain the difference between active euthanasia and passive euthanasia.
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia; 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Difficult
18.130. Explain the difference between a living will and a medical power of attorney and describe how legally binding each of these documents are.
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Moderate
18.131. Explain the difference between palliative care and end-of-life care.
Module: 18.3.4: Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Learning Objective 18.3
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Grief and Bereavement
Learning Objective 18.4: Contextualize human responses to bereavement
18.132. In your own words, describe the basic premise of the dual-process model of stress and coping.
Module: 18.4
Learning Objective 18.4
Analyze It
Moderate
18.133. Identify two tasks that most people do immediately after the death of a loved one, and two tasks that are performed only later, over time.
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Analyze It
Moderate
18.134. Describe two tasks that typically occur in the healing phase of grieving and two that typically occur in the renewal phase of grieving.
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.135. What is anticipatory grief, and what positive purpose does it typically serve?
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.136. Explain the difference between chronic grief and bereavement overload.
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Evaluate It
Moderate
18.137. Is grief and bereavement experienced in the same ways by people belonging to different cultural traditions? Explain your answer and provide examples that support your conclusion.
Module: 18.4.2: Bereavement in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Learning Objective 18.4
Analyze It
Moderate
18.138. Suggest two ways in which the rituals and customs surrounding death make grieving easier for the survivors.
Module: 18.4.3: Rituals and Customs
Learning Objective 18.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
The Death of a Child
Learning Objective 18.5: Analyze responses to the process of child death
18.139. Describe why the death of a child might be harder to deal with by people living in the United States today, in comparison to 100 years ago. Cite statistics to support your answer.
Module: 18.5.1: Statistics of Child Death
Learning Objective 18.5
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.140. Why is it more important today to consider how best to cope with deaths involving individuals with disabilities compared to 50 years ago?
Module: 18.5.2: Grief and Individuals With Disabilities
Learning Objective 18.5
Evaluate It
Moderate
18.141. Describe two factors that make coping with the death of a child especially difficult for family members.
Module: 18.5.3: Grieving When a Child Dies
Learning Objective 18.5
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Completing the Life Cycle
Learning Objective 18.6: Evaluate the place of death in the human developmental cycle
18.142. Describe a cultural tradition that is performed as a way of linking the beginning and ending of the lifespan.
Module: 19.6.2
Learning Objective 18.6
Analyze It
Moderate
Essay questions:
Thoughts and Fears of Death
Learning Objective 18.1: Explain how sociocultural context affects human responses to death
18.143. Describe how the cultural taboo against discussing death has changed over the past several decades and describe the research that has brought about this change in attitudes about death.
Module: 18.1.1: Denial of Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
18.144. According to the text, are people who are healthy and psychologically well-adjusted more anxious, or less anxious, when they face their own impending death? Explain your conclusion.
Module: 18.1.2: Reactions to Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Evaluate It
Moderate
18.145. What role does religion typically play in how adults face the prospect of their own deaths?
Module: 18.1.2: Reactions to Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.146. What are the basic assumptions of terror management theory and how do they relate to how individuals deal with the issue of death?
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Analyze It
Moderate
18.147. How would terror management theory explain why consumers spend more money following a close brush with death?
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Analyze It
Moderate
18.148. Describe two sources of evidence that support the conclusions of terror management theory as being valid.
Module: 18.1.3: Managing the Anxiety Associated With One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.1
Analyze It
Difficult
Confronting One’s Own Death
Learning Objective 18.2: Summarize ways in which humans cope with imminent death
18.149. How can death be considered to be the final developmental task that most people face? What processes do individuals engage in if they confront death as their final developmental task?
Module: 18.2.1: Death as the Final Developmental Task
Learning Objective 18.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.150. Describe the research conducted by Kübler-Ross. What did it show about how individuals cope with a terminal illness?
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.151. What changes in the medical field have occurred because of the research conducted by Kübler-Ross? Do you think these are good changes, or bad changes? Explain your answer.
Module: 18.2.2: Stages of Adjustment
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Difficult
18.152. How do the coping patterns of caregivers change, depending on whether the terminal illness of a loved one has a very fast, very slow, or moderate trajectory?
Module: 18.2.3: Coping With Terminal Illness
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Moderate
18.153. Describe 3 reasons why death from a progressive terminal disease like Alzheimer’s or ALS is often an especially difficult death with which to cope. Do you agree that dying from a disease like these poses special coping tasks that must be dealt with by the dying person and his or her loved ones?
Module: 18.2.3: Coping With Terminal Illness
Learning Objective 18.2
Evaluate It
Difficult
18.154. Describe how suicide rates change for men and women between the periods of early adulthood and older adulthood. Then describe two factors that most likely explain this pattern of changes.
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Apply What You Know
Difficult
18.155. Describe how suicide rates change for men versus women depending on whether they are married or widowed. Then describe two factors that most likely explain this pattern of changes.
Module: 18.2.4: Alternative Trajectories
Learning Objective 18.2
Apply What You Know
Moderate
The Search for a Humane Death
Learning Objective 18.3: Compare end-of-life options in the United States
18.156. How does a person’s sense of control typically influence the course of their terminal illness? Describe the results of a research study noted in the text that support your answer.
Module: 18.3
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Moderate
18.157. What is the “Five Wishes” method and how does it help individuals plan for their own death?
Module: 18.3
Learning Objective 18.3
Evaluate It
Moderate
18.158. What does it mean to say that “hospice is a philosophy, not a place”? Cite evidence to support the idea behind this statement.
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Evaluate It
Difficult
18.159. How does the philosophy of hospice differ from the philosophy that guides most physicians in their care of terminally ill patients? What advantages and disadvantages are associated with each of these philosophical positions?
Module: 18.3.1: Hospice
Learning Objective 18.3
Evaluate It
Difficult
18.160. The topic of assisted suicide is hotly debated, with strong opinions on both sides of this issue. Identify the most important arguments on both sides of this issue, and then state your own opinion about whether or not assisted suicide should be legalized in the United States.
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Evaluate It
Difficult
18.161. Describe the view of the U. S. public with respect to assisted suicide. Do most adults in the U.S. support or oppose this practice? What is the view of the American Medical Association? In light of public opinion about assisted suicide, what factors most likely account for the AMA’s position on this topic?
Module: 18.3.2: Active Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Evaluate It
Difficult
18.162. Why would a terminally ill person want to draw up a living will? Why would he or she want to have a medical power of attorney? What do each of these documents do, and what do they not do, to make sure that a person’s wishes about their death carried out?
Module: 18.3.3: Passive Euthanasia
Learning Objective 18.3
Evaluate It
Difficult
18.163. What philosophical viewpoint rests at the center of both palliative care and end-of-life care strategies? When is each more likely to apply in the case of a person who has just been diagnosed with a very serious disease, such as cancer?
Module: 18.3.4: Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Difficult
18.164. Identify and describe three services that hospitals could provide that would be consistent with a philosophy of palliative care.
Module: 18.3.4: Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Learning Objective 18.3
Analyze It
Moderate
Grief and Bereavement
Learning Objective 18.4: Contextualize human responses to bereavement
18.165. Describe the dual-process model of stress and coping and explain how it helps explain how most people experience following the death of a loved one. Identify a specific task that occurs in each of the stages you identify.
Module: 18.4
Learning Objective 18.4
Apply What You Know
Difficult
18.166. Explain two functions—healing and renewal—that the process of grieving serves for the loved ones left behind after a death.
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.167. What is anticipatory grief, and what positive and negative reactions are associated with it?
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Evaluate It
Moderate
18.168. Describe two different types of situations that would put a person at risk for bereavement overload. If a person did experience bereavement overload, what kinds of symptoms what that person typically display?
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Evaluate It
Moderate
18.169. What are the symptoms that make chronic grief a different type of reaction than bereavement overload? What symptoms do these two conditions have in common?
Module: 18.4.1: Grieving
Learning Objective 18.4
Evaluate It
Difficult
18.170. Give an example of how grief and bereavement are experienced in a culture other than that typical in the United States. What conclusions does a cross-cultural comparison of grief rituals lead one to make?
Module: 18.4.2: Bereavement in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Learning Objective 18.4
Evaluate It
Difficult
18.171. Describe how a narrowly prescribed cultural ritual that surrounds death can be a helpful practice for grieving survivors. Under what circumstances could such a ritual also be a problem in helping survivors adjust to death?
Module: 19.4.3
Learning Objective 18.4
Evaluate It
Moderate
The Death of a Child
Learning Objective 18.5: Analyze responses to the process of child death
18.172. What is the text’s position on how the grief associated with a child’s death is different in the United States in the 21st century, compared to how it was in the early 1900s? Do you agree with this point of view? Why or why not?
Module: 18.5.1: Statistics of Child Death
Learning Objective 18.5
Evaluate It
Difficult
18.173. What special circumstances should be considered when death or bereavement involves an individual with intellectual or developmental disabilities?
Module: 18.5.2: Grief and Individuals With Disabilities
Learning Objective 18.5
Apply What You Know
Moderate
18.174. Identify three ways in which the death of a child is more difficult to cope with than is the death of an older adult.
Module: 18.5.3: Grieving When a Child Dies
Learning Objective 18.5
Apply What You Know
Moderate
Completing the Life Cycle
Learning Objective 18.6: Evaluate the place of death in the human developmental cycle
18.175. What is implied in calling death the “completion of the life cycle”? How does such a statement reflect the emphasis of the study of lifespan development?
Module: 18.6.3: Death Is Natural
Learning Objective 18.6
Evaluate It
Moderate
18.176. Erik Erikson viewed the final developmental stage as one in which the individual confronts the challenge of integrity versus despair. In what ways does viewing death as the final developmental task reflect Erikson’s thinking about the period of older adulthood?
Module: 18.6.3: Death Is Natural
Learning Objective 18.6
Evaluate It
Difficult
18.177. Suppose a person makes the statement, “The study of human development is the study of how all people are alike and all people are different from each other.” Would the overarching perspective of the text be compatible or incompatible with such a statement? Explain your answer.
Module: 18.6.3: Death Is Natural
Learning Objective 18.6
Evaluate It
Difficult