Davey Emotion Exam Questions Chapter 10 - Test Bank | Psychology by Davey 1e by Graham C. Davey. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 10: Emotion
Fill-in-the-blank
1. The experience of an affective state that occurs in response to a specific internal or external stimulus is defined as a(n) __________.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. William James believed that our __________ reactions to emotional events make our experience an emotional experience.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short answer
3. Who believed that our sense of emotion is given by bodily changes that occur following an emotional event?
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. How do we experience an emotion according to William James?
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
5. What determines an emotional experience according to James?
a) Cognitive appraisal
b) The emotional event/stimulus
c) Bodily changes
d) Environmental cues
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Who wrote that “without the bodily states following on the perception, the latter would be purely cognitive in form”?
a) Ekman
b) James
c) Schachter
d) Treisman
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. According to James, which of the following elements will give rise to the emotional experience?
a) The emotional event
b) The interpretation of the emotional event
c) The bodily changes in response to the emotional events
d) None of the above
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
8. To William James an emotion is initiated as a(n) __________ experience.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
9. According to the James theory of emotion, an experience without a physiological response cannot induce an emotion.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. For William James emotion involves perceiving certain objects as attractive or repulsive which then leads to the preparation of an action.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple Choice
11. Colin was sweaty and hot from the summer sun when his father spoke to him. Colin interpreted this interaction as his father reprimanding him. Who proposed a theory that suggests that physiological responses to a stimulus like the sun provides the basis for our experiencing an emotion?
a) James
b) Pavlov
c) Cannon
d) Schachter
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. According to James, how does an emotion begin?
a) When a decision is made
b) Elicitation of behavioural change
c) Information processed by the brain
d) Perception of an event
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. According to James, which comes first: the experience of emotion or bodily arousal?
a) Arousal occurs first
b) Emotion occurs first
c) It varies by situation
d) Simultaneously
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. What is emotion according to Arnold?
a) A state of action planning
b) A state of action readiness
c) A state of action promptness
d) A state of action initiation
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
15. James’s __________ theory argues that the emotional state is given by changes in physiological activation. Arnold’s __________ theory, on the other hand, suggests that the cause of emotion is the perception that an event is personally relevant.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. The process of evaluation of an event in terms of its significance or relevance is said to be a(n) __________.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
17. Discuss the main differences between James’s feedback theory and Arnold’s appraisal theory.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short Answer
18. Define the ‘specificity hypothesis’ according to James.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. What two hypotheses can be derived from James’s theory of emotion?
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choices
20. Which of the following, according to James, is the correct sequence of events characterizing an emotional response?
a) Perception of exciting fact 🡪 bodily changes 🡪 emotion
b) Perception of exciting fact 🡪 emotion 🡪 bodily changes
c) Bodily changes 🡪 perception of exciting fact 🡪 emotion
d) Bodily changes 🡪 emotion 🡪 perception of exciting fact
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. Patterns of bodily change:
a) are consequences of emotion
b) are causes of emotion
c) are difficult to distinguish between different emotions
d) cannot be used to interpret the emotional state
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. Which of the following is a fundamental element of Arnold’s theory of emotion?
a) Feedback
b) Categorization
c) Appraisal
d) Analysis
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Which of the following, according to Arnold, is the correct sequence of events characterizing an emotional response?
a) Bodily changes 🡪 appraisal 🡪 action readiness
b) Bodily changes 🡪 action readiness 🡪 appraisal
c) Appraisal 🡪 bodily changes 🡪 action readiness
d) Appraisal 🡪 action readiness 🡪 bodily changes
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. For __________ the increased heart rate follows the appraisal of an event.
a) Watson
b) Arnold
c) Freud
d) Darwin
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. According to __________ bodily changes __________ an emotion.
a) James; precede
b) James; follow
c) Arnold; precede
d) Arnold; follow
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. What can be measured in experiments investigating emotions?
a) Physiological activation
b) Facial expressions
c) Appraisal changes
d) All of the above
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Fill-in-the-blank
27. For feedback theory, __________ and __________ can cause emotions which are then measured by __________ or __________.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Hard
28. For feedback theory, producing a __________ will cause people to feel happy.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
29. Name three elements that can be manipulated to study emotion.
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Hard
30. According to what theory does the appreciation of an event as personally relevant cause an emotional state?
Section Ref: Emotion Differentiation
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of two general approaches to explaining emotions based on feedback theory and appraisal theory, and of the differences between them.
Difficulty Level: Medium
31. Name 2 common physiological effects of anger.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
32. Blood __________ is a __________ measure of emotion.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
33. Which of the following activities are related to the physiological component of emotion?
a) Increased heart rate
b) Body temperature
c) Blood pressure
d) All of these
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. In general, what portion of the human nervous system is responsible for producing the physical manifestations of anxiety?
a) Endocrine
b) Central nervous system
c) Parasympathetic nervous system
d) Autonomic nervous system
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
35. Physical manifestations of emotions such as anxiety are produced by our autonomic nervous system.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. ANS stands for Autonomic nervous subunit.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short answer
37. Which part of the human nervous system controls and regulate the visceral and organic components of emotion?
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. Name at least three physiological reactions that can be measured with non-invasive procedures.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
39. Describe how skin conductance can be used to measure emotional arousal.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
40. Jenny thought about her new puppy, Max, and had excited and pleasant thoughts about him. If her heart rate were assessed, what pattern would be observed for this pleasant stimulus?
a) Reduced
b) Accelerated
c) Stopped
d) None of the above
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Hard
41. Where are the two electrodes usually placed when measuring skin conductance?
a) On the neck
b) On the cheek
c) On the hand
d) On the chest
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
42. High-arousal states can be detected by:
a) drier skin
b) sweaty palms
c) paler skin tone
d) none of the above
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
43. Autonomic activity can be manipulated using __________, such as adrenaline, or __________.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
44. __________ is measured by passing a small electric current between two electrodes attached to the palm.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
45. Electrodes to measure electrodermal activity can be attached either to the fingers or to the palm.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Easy
46. Ax (1953) manipulated autonomic activity by administering drugs to his participants.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
47. Which of the following terms refers to the fact that different emotions are characterized by distinct physiological changes?
a) Emotion specificity
b) Response specificity
c) Autonomic specificity
d) Activation specificity
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
48. In Ax’s (1953) experiment, the fear condition involved:
a) greater muscular tension
b) increased blood pressure
c) decreased heart rate
d) increased skin conductance
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
49. In Ax’s (1953) experiment, the anger condition did not involve:
a) increased respiration rate
b) increased blood pressure
c) decreased heart rate
d) greater muscular tension
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
50. What is the main critique to Ax’s (1953) experiment?
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short answer
51. What is the best way of checking whether autonomic differences are related to emotion or to the induction procedure?
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Hard
52. What are the two techniques used by Ekman, Levenson, and Friesen (1983) to compare autonomic responses during six different basic emotions?
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
53. Which of the following scenarios can be predicted by the facial feedback hypothesis?
a) Putting on a happy face will make you feel happier than before.
b) Scrunching your nose and pulling back your top lip will make you feel more disgusted by a novel smell.
c) Forcing yourself in a frown expression will increase your chances of reacting angrily to an insult.
d) All of the above
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
54. Which of the following emotions showed a distinctive pattern of physiological activity in both tasks in Ekman, Levenson, and Friesen (1983)?
a) Sadness
b) Fear
c) Anger
d) Happiness
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
55. Describe how anger differed from all the other emotions in terms of ANS activity in Ekman, Levenson, and Friesen (1983).
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
56. Describe the facial-feedback hypothesis.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
57. To combat depression, Anne’s therapist told her to practice smiling. What theory of emotion does Anne’s therapist support?
a) Non-specificity
b) Context-deviation
c) Facial-feedback
d) Evolutionary
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
58. Which of the following is not a hypothesis proposed by Stemmler (1989) to explain the range of findings reported in Ekman, Levenson, and Friesen (1983)?
a) Context-deviation hypothesis
b) Non-specificity hypothesis
c) Absolute specificity hypothesis
d) Facial feedback hypothesis
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
59. Which of the following hypotheses assumes that emotions are associated with distinctive autonomic patterns but the specific demands of particular emotional situations can shift this pattern away from the emotion-specific template?
a) Facial feedback
b) Context-deviation
c) Absolute specificity
d) Non-specificity
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
60. Which of the following scientists is MOST likely to support the absolute specificity hypothesis?
a) James
b) Ekman
c) Stemmler
d) Cannon
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
61. The first theorist to connect bodily arousal with emotional responses to the need for preparing the body for emergency situations was __________.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Hard
62. __________ was the leading critic of the James’s theory of emotion.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
63. Describe 2 of Cannon’s criticisms of the James’s theory of emotion.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
64. Cannon argued that the injection of __________ does not induce identifiable emotional reactions.
a) Cocaine
b) Caffeine
c) Alcohol
d) Adrenaline
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
65. According to Schachter and Singer, ___________ determine the specific quality of our emotional state.
a) physiological arousal factors
b) cognitive factors
c) evolutionary factors
d) genetic factors
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
66. Darren and Cynthia were running partners who mistook their physical arousal for romantic arousal. What theory of emotion describes the mislabeling of physical arousal?
a) James
b) Cannon
c) Schachter
d) Facial Feedback
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Hard
67. In the initial study conducted by Schachter and Singer (1962), in the _________ condition participants that received adrenaline were told that they would experience no side effects.
a) informed
b) ignorant
c) misinformed
d) control
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
68. Dutton and Aron (1974) collected data indicating that anxious arousal from being on a narrow bridge can be misinterpreted as romantic interest. What theory of emotion does this data support?
a) James
b) Cannon
c) Schachter-Singer
d) Facial Feedback
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Hard
69. Which of the following statements BEST describes the Schachter’s two-factor theory?
a) Arousal plays the most important role in providing the quality aspect of emotion.
b) Cognitive interpretations play the most important role in providing the quality aspect of emotion.
c) Cognitive interpretations play the most important role in providing the intensity of the emotion.
d) Arousal is the only factor that matters when interpreting emotional states.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
70. Schachter and Singer believed that earlier theories of emotion neglected the influence of __________ in our emotional experiences.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
71. Describe Schachter’s two-factor theory of emotion.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
72. Cannon believed that differences between emotions can also be found in the brain.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
73. One brain region that is thought to be associated with emotion is the __________. Evidence by LeDoux (1996) showed that this region is particularly responsible for producing the emotion of __________.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
74. According to your textbook, which of the following brain structures is consistently associated with emotional processing?
a) Striatum
b) Amygdala
c) Prefrontal cortex
d) Basal ganglia
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short answer
75. Name one function of the amygdala which is not necessarily associated with emotional processing.
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple Choice
76. Who was the first theorist proposing that facial expressions evolved in order to express emotions?
a) Cannon
b) Freud
c) Darwin
d) James
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Easy
77. To Darwin, emotional expression served a(n) ______ function.
a) communication
b) sexual
c) survival
d) food gathering
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
78. The link between facial expression and emotion is:
a) direct
b) very tight
c) less direct than intuition suggests
d) only an impression, the two have nothing in common
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
79. Jenny narrows her eyes as she clenches her teeth. She is most probably in a state of:
a) happy
b) scared
c) sad
d) angry
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Fill-in-the-blank
80. Contrary to what intuitions suggest, emotion-expression connections are not always as tight and __________.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
81. The six __________ emotions are: happiness, sadness, anger, fear, __________ and surprise.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
82. What are the six basic emotions according to Ekman, Friesen, and Ellsworth (1972)?
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
83. What are the two main theorists proposing that some distinctive facial expressions are innately (and universally) associated with emotions?
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
84. Izard suggested that infants’ facial response to distress can take various forms depending on contextual factors and not on the quality of the emotional state.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Hard
85. Ekman believed that different facial expressions are universally associated with specific basic emotions.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
86. Which of the following researchers disagreed with Izard’s view that infants can display distinctive facial expressions of the basic emotions as soon as they develop the necessary muscular coordination?
a) Camras
b) Ekman
c) Friesen
d) Darwin
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
87. According to Ekman, people do not always display facial expressions that represent their true emotional state and this is because:
a) they may have a neurological disease.
b) there are display rules.
c) the emotion-expression link is not always as direct.
d) the emotional stimulus is not enough strong to elicit a congruent expression.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
88. Provide a real-life example of a display rule.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
89. ___________ are socialized norms about when and where it is appropriate or not to show a given emotion.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
90. Ekman’s __________ theory claims that facial expressions result from an innate and universal biological program, but they can be regulated to meet display rules.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
91. In Ekman’s neurocultural theory, facial expressions are sensitive to:
a) the context in which they are displayed
b) social norms
c) cultural rules
d) all of the above
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
92. According to which of the following researchers do facial expressions serve to communicate social motives to others?
a) Ekman
b) Fridlund
c) Izard
d) James
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
93. According to research by Ekman, there are six fundamental emotions. Which of the following is not one of these six emotions?
a) Curiosity
b) Happiness
c) Fear
d) Surprise
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Easy
94. When do people begin to display the basic emotions and associated facial expressions?
a) Infancy
b) 2-6 years
c) Adolescence
d) Adulthood
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
95. What term defines the cultural expectations for how, when, and by whom emotions can be displayed?
a) Display rules
b) Stereotypes
c) Norms
d) Accessible idioms
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
96. Cultural expectations that prescribe how, when, and by whom emotions should be expressed are known as __________ rules.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
97. Define “display rules” and provide an example of a situation in which these rules are applied.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short answer
98. What is the principal question that research on the universality of facial expression seeks to answer?
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
99. Who is the most relevant scientist associated with cross-cultural studies on the universality of facial expressions?
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
100. Discuss the main difficulties associated with cross-cultural studies on the universality of facial expressions.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Short answer
101. What is the most commonly used indirect method in cross-cultural studies to investigate the universality of facial expressions?
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
102. Which method did Ekman use between the 1960s and the 1970s to study facial expression in remote cultures in Borneo and New Guinea?
a) Semi-structured interviews
b) ANS recordings
c) Expression judgement
d) Expression imitation
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
103. Where did Ekman go to study the emotion expression of remote cultures?
a) To the Amazon rainforest
b) To the Galapagos islands
c) To West Africa
d) To New Guinea
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Easy
104. What proportion of tribespeople correctly labelled a disgusted face as ‘disgust’ in Ekman’s original study on the universality of facial expressions?
a) Less than a half
b) Less than a third
c) More than a half
d) More than 80%
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
105. What was the easiest expression to recognise for tribespeople in Ekman’s original study on the universality of facial expressions?
a) Fear
b) Disgust
c) Happiness
d) Anger
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
106. What expression is consistently recognized across cultures?
a) Fear
b) Surprise
c) Happiness
d) Disgust
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
107. Which of the following statements BEST describes current views on the universality of facial expression?
a) Something about facial expression is universal.
b) Facial expressions are universal and innate.
c) Only the expression of fear is universal.
d) Nothing about facial expression is universal.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
108. Emotional situations:
a) produce consistent facial expressions across different cultures.
b) produce consistent facial expressions only within the same culture.
c) produce inconsistent facial expressions only across different cultures.
d) produce inconsistent facial expressions even within the same culture.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Hard
109. Close correspondence between emotion and expression is:
a) rarely found in either naturalistic settings or laboratory experiments.
b) rarely found in naturalistic settings, but often found in laboratory experiments.
c) rarely found in laboratory experiments, but often found in naturalistic settings.
d) often found in either naturalistic settings or laboratory experiments.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
110. Facial expressions are:
a) wholly independent of emotions.
b) wholly dependent on emotions.
c) partially dependent on emotions.
d) wholly determined by cultural norms.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
111. What is the most likely relationship between facial expressions and emotions?
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
112. Emotional situations can produce inconsistent facial expressions even within the same culture.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
113. There is only one predetermined way to express basic emotions.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
114. Laird (1974) used __________ attached to the participants’ face to manipulate people’s facial muscles into either a supposedly __________ face or __________ face.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
115. A less invasive and more direct way of inducing either an angry or happy face in participants places a __________ between participants’ __________.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
116. On which hypothesis was Laird’s (1974) experiment based on?
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
117. In 1974 Laird manipulated participants’ faces into either a happy expression or an angry expression in order to investigate the influence of the facial expression on the intensity of the emotional experience. Laird was directly testing the:
a) Universal hypothesis
b) Specificity hypothesis
c) Facial feedback hypothesis
d) Context-dependent hypothesis
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
118. Laird suggested that __________ information provided by the facial muscles configuration led to inferences about the quality of emotional state.
a) interoceptive
b) proprioceptive
c) physical
d) universal
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
119. Which of the following is a limitation of Laird’s (1974) experiment?
a) The procedure was painful
b) The manipulation did not work
c) Participants were aware that the experimenter was manipulating their facial muscles
d) The emotions chosen were not basic emotions
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
120. What facial feedback manipulation invented by Strack et al. (1988) allows the measurement of facial feedback without participants being aware of it?
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
121. What is appraisal?
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
122. The subjective appraisal and interpretation of one’s feelings are associated with what component of emotion?
a) Physiological
b) Cognitive
c) Behavioural
d) Physical
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
123. Appraisal includes:
a) only one single cognitive process
b) multiple cognitive processes
c) only high-level information processing
d) only low-level information processing
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
124. For appraisal theories, emotions depend on:
a) extracting information from what is happening in the environment around us.
b) interpreting interoceptive ANS cues.
c) interpreting facial feedback.
d) our psychological state.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
125. What is the most important component of emotions for appraisal theories?
a) Physiological
b) Behavioural
c) Neurological
d) Cognitive
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
126. Lazarus argued that cognitive __________ serves as a mediator between environmental stimuli and people’s reactions to those stimuli.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
127. What types of stimuli did Lazarus and colleagues use when studying emotional response?
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
128. What psychologist developed a cognitive-motivational theory of emotion?
a) Ekman
b) James
c) Freud
d) Lazarus
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Hard
129. Given the findings from Lazarus, which statement is MOST likely to physiologically arouse PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) members watching a movie?
a) “no animals were harmed during filming”
b) “animals were simulated during filming”
c) “animals suffered pain during filming”
d) “animals were pampered during filming”
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
130. Which of the following is the best example of primary appraisal?
a) Mary feels the house shaking and wonders whether it is an earthquake or a big truck going by.
b) Maggie was forced to evacuate from her house when a tanker derailed; she is phoning friends to find a place to stay until she can return.
c) George just failed his first term test. He tells himself “I’d better start working harder.”
d) Harold missed the closing time for the bank and is going home to pay his bills that are due today on the internet.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Hard
131. During secondary appraisal
a) we decide how threatening a stressor is.
b) we evaluate our ability to cope with the threat.
c) we prepare to face the challenge by either fighting or fleeing.
d) we activate our ANS and HPA pathways.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
132. Describe Lazarus’ theory of emotions.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
133. According to Lazarus, the secondary appraisal evaluates the motivational relevance of a situation.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
134. According to Lazarus’s appraisal model, the emotion of anger is a negative emotion which is incongruent with the person’s motivational goals.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
135. If a person appraises themselves as personally accountable for a motivationally congruent event, they should experience the emotion of pride.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
136. According to the diagram based on Smith and Lazarus (1993), the emotion of __________ emerges when people consider others accountable for a motivationally congruent event.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
137. According to the diagram based on Smith and Lazarus (1993), the emotion of guilt emerges when people consider __________ accountable for a motivationally __________ event.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
138. What type of appraisal evaluates the problem-focused coping potential of a situation?
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
139. Name 4 types of secondary appraisal according to Smith and Lazarus.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
140. According to the diagram based on Smith and Lazarus (1993), which of the following emotions arises from appraising events as motivationally congruent and appraising the self as accountable for them?
a) Pride
b) Gratitude
c) Guilt
d) Anger
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
141. According to the diagram based on Smith and Lazarus (1993), which of the following emotions arises from appraising events as motivationally incongruent and self-accounted?
a) Pride
b) Gratitude
c) Guilt
d) Anger
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
142. According to Smith and Lazarus (1993), which of the following appraisals can be considered as a primary appraisal?
a) Future expectancy
b) Motivational relevance
c) Problem-focused coping potential
d) Emotion-focused coping potential
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
143. Which of the following appraisals takes into account the extent to which a person is able to deal with the challenges presented by the situation?
a) Future expectancy
b) Accountability
c) Motivational relevance
d) Problem-focused coping potential
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Easy
144. In 1985 Smith and Ellsworth attempted to establish the different patterns of appraisal associated with __________ different emotional states.
a) 6
b) 10
c) 15
d) 25
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
145. Measuring six different dimensions of appraisal, Smith and Ellsworth (1985) were able to predict a number of emotions on __________ of occasions.
a) 15%
b) 20%
c) 40%
d) 80%
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
146. What is the main shortcoming of Smith and Ellsworth’s (1985) procedure for studying appraisal?
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
147. Smith and Ellsworth’s (1985) findings show that although the 15 emotions could be correctly predicted on 40% of occasions, the measured dimensions of appraisal could not fully distinguish between the different emotions.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Easy
148. On some occasions, appraisal can cause emotions.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
149. In Lazarus’s team’s experiment, participants who were encouraged to watch the event depicted in the video from a detached anthropological perspective were in the ___________ condition.
a) intellectualization
b) trauma
c) denial
d) control
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
150. In Lazarus’s team’s experiment, people in the __________ condition were prompted to focus their attention on the most painful aspects of the operation.
a) intellectualization
b) trauma
c) denial
d) control
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
151. In Lazarus’s team’s experiment (1964), which condition showed the highest skin conductance in response to a stressful video? And which condition showed the lowest?
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
152. What measure of ANS was taken in Speisman, Lazarus, Mordkoff, and Davison’s (1964) study to assess the influence of appraisal on the emotional response to stressful videos?
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
153. In Speisman, Lazarus, Mordkoff, and Davison (1964), participants in the denial condition had the highest skin conductance.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
154. Providing people with different information regarding an event can influence how they react emotionally to those events.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Multiple choice
155. In social referencing, what do toddlers use to aid the appraisal of ambiguous events?
a) Contextual cues
b) Social norms learned from their parents
c) Their mother’s facial expressions
d) Physiological changes
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Easy
156. According to Lazarus (1991), appraisal is ____________ to experience emotions.
a) necessary, but not sufficient
b) sufficient, but not necessary
c) sufficient and necessary
d) insufficient
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Hard
157. Which of the following theorists argued that feelings often arise before any cognitive interpretations?
a) Lazarus
b) James
c) Speisman
d) Zajonc
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
158. According to the __________ view, feelings often arise before appraisal.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
159. A major debate between __________ and __________ was published and the main reason of this theoretical dispute was whether emotions can arise before appraisal.
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
160. Which theorist, in his affective primacy view, argued that feelings often arise before any kind of cognitive interpretations?
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
161. What is the main claim of Zajonc’s affective primacy view?
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
162. Which of the following provides the best example of an appraisal-free emotion?
a) Enjoying food
b) Curiosity
c) Anger
d) Concern
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Easy
163. Which of the following phenomena did Zajonc present as an example of appraisal-free emotion, which, according to Lazarus, was simply a reflex reaction rather than a real emotion?
a) Priming
b) Taste aversion
c) Fear conditioning
d) Phobias
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
164. For Zajonc, sometimes emotion can occur as a(n):
a) reflex
b) impulse
c) illusion
d) conscious effort
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Medium
165. Basic emotions can be distinguished on the basis of patterns of:
a) ANS responses
b) cognitive appraisals
c) psychological components
d) all of the above
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
166. According to Ekman, the syndrome components of anger are universal and coordinated by an innate control program in the brain.
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
167. Links between autonomic response patterns and emotion seem to be variable even within a single culture.
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
168. The level of coherence of emotion response syndromes is:
a) very high
b) high
c) low
d) medium
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
169. Camras suggests that emotional response components:
a) are innately coordinated
b) are simultaneously elicited by different situational aspects
c) depend on socialization
d) all of the above
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
170. Associations between different emotional components are often:
a) tight
b) observable
c) direct
d) loose
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
171. Camras argues that emotional response component become associated during development and socialization.
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
172. Autonomic changes, appraisals and facial expressions are all emotional response components.
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short answer
173. What are the main emotional response components?
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
174. According to Camras (1992), emotional response components become associated one another during the processes of __________ and __________.
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
175. According to Lewis and Liu (2011), the integration of various components of emotional response depends on __________, ___________, and __________.
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
176. According to Russell (2003), we perceive emotions in a way that is similar to the way in which people perceive __________.
a) astral constellations
b) geographical maps
c) a crowd
d) biological motion
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Easy
177. Russell (2003) claims that people learn to represent experience in emotional terms by acquiring:
a) social skills
b) language
c) cognitive scripts
d) schemata
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Fill-in-the-blank
178. Cognitive scripts provide guidelines to interpret emotions based on the presence or absence of certain components that make an episode a(n) __________ example of the emotion in question.
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
179. Russell (2003) draws a parallel between how people perceive emotions and the way in which people perceive __________.
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
180. What, according to Russell, enables people to represent emotional experiences?
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
181. When is an event a ‘prototypical’ example of an emotion?
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Essay
182. Describe a prototypical script for ‘fear’.
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
183. Julia can feel her heart beating faster as her partner, out of the blue, kneels down and proposes to her with a sparkling ring. This situation is an example of the cognitive script for:
a) Fear
b) Curiosity
c) Surprise
d) Anger
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Easy
184. The prototypical script for ‘anger’ predicts that if someone offends you, you will probably:
a) feel your body temperature increase
b) see the other person as to blame for what’s happening
c) react with a facial scowl
d) all of the above
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Easy
185. Who developed the conceptual act theory?
a) Russell
b) Barrett
c) Schachter
d) Camras
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
186. What is the central phenomenon represented by emotional concepts according to Barrett (2006)?
a) core activation
b) core expression
c) core symptoms
d) core affect
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
187. What other emotion theorist’s views does Barrett’s theory most relate to?
a) James
b) Russell
c) Schachter
d) Camras
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Hard
188. For both Barrett and Schachter, emotions depend on:
a) internal perceptions of ANS response
b) linking internal perceptions with appraisals
c) interpretations of what is happening
d) affective judgements
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
189. Barrett’s theory struggles to explain cases in which a person might become emotional without knowing it.
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Medium
190. According to the conceptual act theory, core affect consists of a direct perception of pleasure and arousal which are always perceived as emotional per se.
Section Ref: What’s Different About Different Emotions?
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of basic emotion theories and their implications for response coherence.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Fill-in-the-blank
191. For __________ theories emotions are functionally oriented responses, while for __________theories emotions consist of personal experiences.
Section Ref: Conclusions and Future Directions
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of the theories proposed in relation to emotion historically and of possible future research and directions within the field.
Difficulty Level: Hard
192. Future research on emotion should triangulate __________ with other sources of evidence.
Section Ref: Conclusions and Future Directions
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of the theories proposed in relation to emotion historically and of possible future research and directions within the field.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short answer
193. Which two aspects of emotions need to be addressed in future research according to your textbook?
Section Ref: Conclusions and Future Directions
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of the theories proposed in relation to emotion historically and of possible future research and directions within the field.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Multiple choice
194. What theorist states that the amygdala is the “hub of fear?”
a) James
b) Ekman
c) Singer
d) LeDoux
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
195. Helen was born without an amygdala. Which of the following emotions will Helen be unable to feel?
a) Happiness
b) Sadness
c) Anger
d) Fear
Section Ref: Physiological Activity
Learning Objective: Evaluate and synthesize the various sources of evidence concerning differences between emotions that are available to psychologists, including physiological measures and facial expressions.
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
196. What research evidence suggests that all people, regardless of culture or country of origin can effectively interpret basic emotions?
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Hard
Multiple choice
197. How is the appraisal theory of emotion different from Schachter’s theory?
a) Arousal is more important
b) Cognitive interpretations play a broader role
c) Cognitive interpretations play a lesser role
d) None of the above
Section Ref: Appraisal
Learning Objective: Demonstrate an understanding of how appraisal affects emotion and vice versa.
Difficulty Level: Hard
198. What emotional response is associated with clenched teeth and furrowed eye brows?
a) Frustration
b) Happiness
c) Sadness
d) Anger
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Easy
Fill-in-the-blank
199. Ekman and colleagues found that people can typically identify 6 emotions from __________.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Medium
200. Happiness is universally expressed with a(n) __________.
Section Ref: Facial Expression
Learning Objective: Compare arguments for and against the universality of facial expressions of emotion.
Difficulty Level: Easy