Complete Test Bank Religion Chapter 17 2nd Edition

CHAPTER 17: TEST BANK QUESTIONS

KNOWLEDGE OF KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (12):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) The earliest anthropologist to compare religious and spiritual beliefs around the world was E. B. Tylor. For him the heart of religious beliefs was the belief in

a. spirits

b. magic

c. the sacred

d. totems

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) Stylized performances involving symbols that are associated with social, political, and religious activities are called

a. rituals

b. magic

c. ceremonies

d. witchcraft

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) The core of Anthony F. C. Wallace’s understanding of religion was belief in

a. supernatural things

b. the afterlife

c. Jesus

d. God

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) Geertz’s approach to religion is a style of analysis that looks at the underlying symbolic and cultural interconnections within a society; this is often referred to as

a. structural-functionalism

b. neo-evolutionism

c. symbolic anthropology

d. the interpretive approach

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) A key feature of religious beliefs and behavior is that they are rooted in

a. social behavior and social action

b. Phenomena

c. historical documents

d. dogma

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) Which of the following is an example of American totemism?

a. the Cross

b. Money

c. Beauty

d. sports team mascots

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 7

7) A voodoo doll is a good illustration of

a. magic that follows the law of contagion

b. magic that follows the law of similarity

c. Animism

d. totemism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 8

8) In some Pentecostal and charismatic Christian religions adherents experience an ecstatic religious happening (often associated with shamanism), which is known as

a. Praying

b. speaking in tongues

c. Pilgrimage

d. meditation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 9

9) Magical techniques may involve

a. Spells

b. the manipulation of special objects

c. Incantations

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 10

10) Anthropologist George Gmelch studied which sport where he found that players used a lot of magic?

a. Soccer

b. Basketball

c. Baseball

d. hockey

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 11

11) What is a life cycle ritual that marks a person’s or group of persons’ transition from one social state to another?

a. Magic

b. Animism

c. Totemism

d. rite of passage

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 12

12) What are people who belong to conservative religious movements that advocate a return to traditional principles called?

a. Believers

b. Practitioners

c. Faithful

d. fundamentalists

Fill in the Blank (6):

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 1

1) __________ refers to the belief that inanimate objects such as trees, rocks, cliffs, hills, and rivers are animated by spiritual forces or beings.

a. Animism

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 2

2) __________ can be understood as raw supernatural power that is not caused by a person or spirit.

a. Mana

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 3

3) __________ is a major world religion that is neither monotheistic nor polytheistic.

a. Buddhism

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 4

4) __________ is a symbolic system that is socially enacted through rituals and other aspects of social life.

a. Religion

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 5

5) __________ the system of thought that associates particular social groups with specific animal or plant species.

a. Totemismis

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 6

6) The religious leader who communicates the needs of the living with the spirit world, usually through some form of ritual trance or other altered state of consciousness, is called a __________.

a. shaman

True/False (5):

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 1

1) For early anthropologists, “primitive” religions were based mumbo jumbo and their adherents’ limited intellectual capacity.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 2

2) Beliefs get most of their power from being socially enacted repeatedly through rituals and other religious behaviors.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 3

3) Most anthropologists currently see the traditional religions of small-scale tribal societies as “primitive,” based on ideas not linked to reality.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 4

4) Judaism, Christianity, and Islam became state religions, whose religious message and ritual supported the government of the state.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 5

5) The prophet Muhammad had a Christian wife.

a. True

b. False

COMPREHENSION OF FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (12):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) A limitation of Wallace’s definition of religion is that it is

a. too flexible

b. not ethnographically informed

c. too static

d. too variable

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) The ghost dance among the Sioux in the 1890s was

a. a new religious movement responding to white encroachment on their lands

b. drawing on a mix of older and newer religious concepts

c. an attempt to recover self-respect

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) Totems help create social cohesiveness by

a. stressing group identity

b. representing powerful symbols for people to focus on

c. acting as objects for group ritual activity

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) Until the 1920s anthropologists interpreted totemism as evidence of a group’s

a. spiritual flexibility

b. Sophistication

c. Solidarity

d. limited intellectual capacity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) Anthropologist Ralph Linton reported that Americans in the military during the First World War adopted ananimal name for their military units, a practice that resembled the ways tribal people revered their

a. Totems

b. Witchcraft

c. bush spirits

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) Anthropologists now understand that magic

a. is at the basis of many rituals

b. usually involves working at a distance without direct physical contact

c. is often frightening or dangerous

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 7

7) A rise in fundamentalism is often seen when

a. things are stable

b. there are many changes in society

c. there is peacetime

d. people are in rural settings

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 8

8) Which of the following is not true about how anthropology interprets how and why somebody would become a suicide bomber?

a. the person is an evildoer

b. the person is a member of a community with a particular model of and for reality

c. there is a social support system that helps shape the person’s attitudes

d. there is ideological support for viewing self-sacrifice as virtuous

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 9

9) A common element among fundamentalists is

a. a desire to be violent

b. a disregard for the law and for science

c. a pervasive sense of belonging to their group

d. a superficial understanding of religious texts

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 10

10) The ancient Egyptians believed in a particular type of social order, which was reflected in

a. their worship of a host of minor deities

b. their belief that the pharaoh was a divine king

c. their egalitarian social structure

d. their worship of cats

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 11

11) Researchers have found that fundamentalists

a. see themselves as promoting proper ways of life

b. are willing to engage in political battles to defend their ideas

c. work to return their society to important traditional values that seem to be slipping away as the world around them changes

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 12

12) Which approach to religious beliefs and behaviors do the textbook authors feel is most effective at explaining why people engage in religious behaviors, especially behaviors that do not directly benefit the individual, such as the actions of the jihadists who attacked the offices of Charlie Hebdo in Paris?

a. the idea that religion began with a belief in spirits

b. the notion that religion concerns beliefs and behaviors about the supernatural

c. the idea that religion is a system of symbols

d. the idea that religion is a system of social action

Fill in the Blank (4):

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 1

1) Clifford Geertz proposed an interpretive approach to religion, arguing that religion was a system of __________.

a. Symbols

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 2

2) The way a peopleconceptualize the world provides a set of unquestioned assumptions about the world and how it works. Anthropologists call these conceptualizations a __________.

a. worldview

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 3

3) A good illustration of a __________ is a funeral, wedding, graduation, or initiation,in which an individual or group of individuals change social position.

a. rite of passage

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 4

4) A central assertion of the __________ is that religious thinking is gradually giving way to secular thought without relying on references to any form of supernatural power.

a. secular worldview

True/False (4):

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 1

1) Shamans usually act simultaneously as political leaders and healers in their communities.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 2

2) Nearly all the ancient societies in the Middle East and the Mediterranean were monotheistic.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 3

3) Buddhism is neither monotheistic nor polytheistic.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 4

4) Secular rituals that celebrate the state or nation, particular occupations, or other identities may achieve many of the same ends as religious rituals.

a. True

b. False

APPLICATION OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (6):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) Interpretive perspectives on religion and religious symbolism such as those of anthropologist Clifford Geertz are applicable to which of the following religious settings?

a. the belief that Evangelical Christians have about human evolution

b. the belief in passivism and calm encouraged by the Dalai Lama

c. the practice of communion as a re-creation of the last supper

d. the worldview of the scientific community about global warming

e. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) Religious ideas are typically associated with beliefs about the supernatural, but what argument can be used to explain the beliefs and worldviews of physicists or geneticists, who may consider themselves nonbelievers?

a. most religions are really no more than a particular worldview

b. it would be unfair to leave scientists out of the afterlife, even if they do not believe in it

c. nonbelievers may not have a religion, but deep down they must believe in something

d. we don’t need to study physicists or geneticists because they are well educated, and it would be better to learn from their experiences

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) Which of the theories of totemism discussed in the text could help us understand the importance of mascots in American sports?

a. mascots are not religious icons, so religious theories cannot help us understand them

b. mascots are symbols of the team and celebrate team identity

c. sports fans are so enthusiastic about their sports that they think their mascots actually are spiritually connected with their teams

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) If you wanted to understand how state rituals reinforce support for the nation and its government, what method would you use to study state funerals?

a. interviews with the event planners

b. interviews with people who watched the event on television

c. analysis of the eulogies

d. videos of the event

e. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) Symbolic analysis is applicable and an appropriate analytical strategy for which of the following activities that are not, strictly speaking, religious?

a. understanding the attachments people have to their home communities

b. interpreting protests against abortions at American clinics

c. explaining why people believe things that most people think are either silly or just plain wrong

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) Why do fundamentalists often use the language of “returning” to “traditional values” in their ideologies and rituals?

a. because the past is seen as purer and closer to God’s original intent than the present

b. because traditional values can be associated with wise elders, prophets, and religious leaders known to be successful

c. because traditions and the past are both symbols of a known and well-understood world, especially in the context of rapidly changing conditions of the present

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

Short Answer (3):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Short AnswerQuestion 1

1) Does Anthony F. C. Wallace’s definition of religion as beliefs and behaviors with respect to the supernatural cause us to abandon E. B. Tylor’s notion that the core of religion is the belief in spirits?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Short AnswerQuestion 2

2) Why would baseball players be particularly prone to using various kinds of personal magic, while football players tend not to do so?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Short AnswerQuestion 3

3) Senator John McCain made elaborate plans for his state funeral shortly before he died. What do you think he was trying to accomplish with the rituals and symbols he included in the ceremony and accompanying events?

Essay (3):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Essay Question 1

1) Religious rituals are powerful ways of creating a sense of belonging and being part of a special group. How are rituals changed or enhanced by making them frequent events (such as a daily ritual), and how can the meaning of these rituals be made more powerful by having them be almost unique events (such as the pope’s visit to Brazil)?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Essay Question 2

2) Why do you think religious institutions have been historically associated with the arts? Why are the arts something that is good to “think” with?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Essay Question 3

3) If you were working with administrators at your school to encourage college students to feel more connected to the academic goals of your college or university, what kind of ritual would you propose that might enhance the feeling of belonging?

OPPORTUNITIES FOR ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

Short Answer/Essay (4):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Short AnswerQuestion 1

1) Is symbolic analysis restricted to analysis of religious behavior, or can it also be used to explain most human phenomena? Explain your answer and give one example.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Short AnswerQuestion 2

2) What ideas and theories discussed in this chapter can help us understand why people feel so strongly about their views on abortion, same-sex marriage, and the death penalty in America over the past forty years?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Short AnswerQuestion 3

3) If religious beliefs and practices are as diverse as they have been presented in this chapter, what is the justification for calling all of them religious beliefs and practices?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Short AnswerQuestion 4

4) How can we explain the rise of fundamentalism both in the Middle East and in the United States over the past four decades? In your answer identify the factors that are economic, political, and religious.