Ch15 Power Exam Questions

CHAPTER 15: TEST BANK QUESTIONS

KNOWLEDGE OF KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (12):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) The term politics can mean many things, but from the wider anthropological perspective, it is understood as talking about the relationships and processes of all of the following except

a. social control

b. Power

c. Media

d. cooperation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) The !Kung people of southern Africa are an example what kind of society?

a. Acephalous

b. segmentary lineage

c. Lawless

d. structural-functional

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) Which English philosophers were concerned with the problem of disorder and argued that chaos is avoidable by creating strong government?

a. Evans-Pritchard and Radcliffe-Brown

b. Hobbes and Locke

c. Smith and Marx

d. Sahlins and Service

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) Which theory was used to explain how stateless societies maintained social order and equilibrium?

a. Marxism

b. interpretive anthropology

c. structural-functionalism

d. neo-evolutionary

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) For anthropologists, political power refers to

a. how elected officials use power

b. how violence is used by the nation-state to subdue dissent

c. how politics operates informally

d. how power is used to attain goals for the good of the community

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) Power that transcends individuals, operating in settings and orchestrating settings in which social and individual actions take place, is referred to as

a. Authority

b. structural power

c. Domination

d. violence

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 7

7) For a big man in a non-state society, what is the most powerful and valuable tool?

a. Force

b. formal authority

c. Corruption

d. persuasion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 8

8) Anthropologists and other social scientists refer to ways in which social, economic, and political processescategorize and transform a population into racial meanings as

a. Eugenics

b. Racialization

c. social inequality

d. institutional coercion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 9

9) Which of the following is an element of violence?

a. the use of force to cause harm to someone or something

b. a highly visible assertion of power

c. it is an efficient way to transform a social environment

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 10

10) Violence is

a. Static

b. Inherited

c. socially constructed

d. absolute

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 11

11) Which branch of cultural anthropology looks at the way that people handle disputes?

a. political anthropology

b. legal anthropology

c. psychological anthropology

d. applied anthropology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 12

12) The legal process by which an individual or council with socially recognized authority intervenes in a dispute and unilaterally decides is

a. Adjudication

b. Mediation

c. Laws

d. negotiation

Fill in the Blank (6):

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 1

1) The emphasis in early __________ systems ignores the idea that such structures only provide individuals with roles.

a. political anthropologyon

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 2

2) The exercise of political power requires __________.

a. legitimacy.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 3

3) The idea that there are specific rules and codes surrounding the exercise of power is a key feature of __________ theory.

a. Action

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 4

4) According to the __________ typology of political organization, the type of leadership practiced in a tribe is a charismatic headman with some authority.

a. neo-evolutionary

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 5

5) In early public records, the word “Christian” commonly appeared next to the names of Europeans but was later replaced by __________.

a. White.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 6

6) The practice in which a third party intervenes in a dispute to aid the parties in reaching an agreement is called __________.

a. mediation

True/False (5):

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 1

1) Age-gradesare a rudimentary political system that brings order to a society.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 2

2) People living in non-centralized political systems have generally welcomed their integration into centralized political systems because it provides greater security and prosperity for them.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 3

3) To follow political action one must be familiar with society’s rules and codes about who gets to exercise power and under what conditions.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 4

4) For anthropologists, power is largely located in the hands of state institutions and political offices.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 5

5) When people around the world have disputes, they are most concerned with winning and losing.

a. True

b. False

COMPREHENSION OF FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (12):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) Which of the following is a political act?

a. running for election

b. protesting against police brutality

c. gossiping about a neighbor to shame them for not fulfilling their obligations

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) The importance of structural functionalism is that it

a. helped anthropologists understand the evolution of political systems

b. showed that violence and chaos are universal aspects of human affairs

c. showed that non-Western societies have order without formal government

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) According to neo-evolutionary theory, non-centralized political systems include

a. tribes and chiefdoms

b. chiefdoms and bands

c. bands and tribes

d. chiefdoms and states

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) Which of the following is not a political act?

a. running for election

b. protesting against police brutality

c. gossiping about a neighbor to shame them for not fulfilling their obligations

d. posting what you had for dinner on Facebook

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) Which of the following theories is primarily concerned with understanding how individual people maintain political power in their daily activities and decision-making processes?

a. action theory

b. Marxist theory

c. structural-functionalist theory

d. world systems theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) The importance of a phenomenon like “revenge suicide” in Papua New Guinea is that it demonstrates

a. why women are irrational

b. why men are controlling and mean toward women

c. that the non-powerful have ways of exercising political power

d. the difficulty of locating structural power

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 7

7) Membership in a nation-state is not necessarily voluntary, a phenomenon that can be understood through an examination of

a. Religion

b. Colonialism

c. trade agreements

d. corruption

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 8

8) The exercise of political power in state and non-state societies is different in all of the following respects except

a. the ways in which power is gained

b. the uses of violence and coercion toward political ends

c. the importance of personal connections

d. the ways in which power is transmitted to others

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 9

9) Hortense Powdermaker examined race and racial inequality long before it was fashionable to do so, and the text cites several examples of how an individual can draw conclusions based on singular experiences in their life. Powdermaker’s term for this process is called

a. Racialization

b. false generalization

c. Prejudice

d. discrimination

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 10

10) Why is the description of conflict as “ethnic violence” misleading?

a. it implies age-old conflicts that are not affected by historical or political events

b. it ignores the peaceful interactions of groups over time

c. it suggests that violence is biological and certain “ethnic” groups are more violent than others

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 11

11) Violence between ethnic groups is not inevitable, but the idea that it is persists. Which of the following is not a reason for its persistence?

a. it offers a tidy narrative that seems to explain the world

b. mass media repeat the idea regularly

c. ethnic leaders promote the idea to gain power

d. ethnic groups actually do fight with each other all the time

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 12

12) In many societies people resolve disputes by restoring harmony, although people are not always satisfied with this resolution. Why?

a. because it’s better to win a dispute

b. because most people would rather avoid the issue altogether

c. because adversarial relationships are more effective at getting to the bottom of the problem

d. because of a preference for justice, fairness, and the rule of law

Fill in the Blank (4):

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 1

1) The state is a type of __________ political system.

a. Centralized

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 2

2) A society’s separate legal and constitutional domain that is the source of law, order, and legitimate force is called __________.

a. Government

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 3

3) The concept of __________ is useful because it points to the ways in which power is not simply the exercise of will over others but diffused across a social field.

a. structural power

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge Of Key Terms And Concepts Fill in the Blank Question 4

4) __________ as a form of dispute management can involve hearings presided over by respected people in a community.

a. Adjudication

True/False (4):

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 1

1) Structural power is found in the combined actions of institutions, science, and knowledge producers.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 2

2) A nation can be made up of people that simply imagine that they share a common culture or identity.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 3

3) Corruption is only a serious problem in non-Western societies.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and ConceptsTrue/False Question 4

4) A key feature of political anthropologist Maxwell Owusu’s perspective on democracy in Ghana is that the state will work better if village chiefs play a role in decision-making.

a. True

b. False

APPLICATION OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

Multiple Choice (6):

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 1

1) The neo-evolutionary typology of political systems would classify the role of president of the city council in your hometown as

a. headman of a tribe

b. a big man

c. a bureaucrat in a centralized state

d. a chief

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 2

2) A structural-functionalist would be most likely to analyze violence as

a. a reflection of deep ethnic hatreds

b. an innate condition of humanity

c. the best way to create segmentary lineages

d. a means of creating and maintaining social order

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 3

3) Which government agency might you study if you wanted to understand structural power?

a. the census office

b. the president’s office

c. the treasury

d. the congress

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 4

4) The work of anthropologist Paul Richards demonstrates that violence can be something that is

a. a rational way of achieving a goal or strategy

b. epidemic among the Sierra Leone people

c. innate to all humans

d. something that can be avoided when outsiders mediate disputes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 5

5) An action theorist studying political power in the U.S. Senate would be especially interested in

a. the normative rules of conduct that senators are supposed to follow

b. the way the field of social relations structures senators’ interactions

c. the ways female senators exercise power in a male-dominated institution

d. the delegation of political power from one individual to another

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Multiple Choice Question 6

6) You and your sibling are fighting over who gets to use the family car. When your parent intervenes and seeks a solution that is agreeable to both of you, it is an example of

a. Adjudication

b. Negotiation

c. Mediation

d. avoidance

Short Answer (3):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Short AnswerQuestion 1

1) How can the act of suicide by a woman on New Britain islandbe considered a form of political action?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Short AnswerQuestion 2

2) From the perspective of political anthropology, does Locke’s concept of the social contract apply inmodern nation-states?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Short AnswerQuestion 3

3) What are the primary strengths of the gendered approach to political power? Give an example of a project in which you might use it.

Essay (3):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Essay Question 1

1) Is there structural power in the United States? If not, why? If so, give an example and use the discussion of structural power from the book to make your case.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Essay Question 2

2) In the U.S. election race of 2016, one of the party candidates made a practice of habitually using stereotypical names and derogatory terms to describe non-U.S. populations such as Mexicans, Muslims, women, and other groups. How might such actions and statements contribute to and reinforce pre-existing prejudices among U.S. voters and non-voters?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Essay Question 3

3) What are some of the ways you might apply political anthropology when examining the problem of campus violence, specifically sexual assault, and how it is resolved in a university or college setting?

OPPORTUNITIES FOR ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

Essay (4):

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Essay Question 1

1) Explain how and why anthropologists consider violence to be culturally constructed.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Essay Question 2

2) When you receive advertisements on social media, that advertiser has paid millions of dollars to the social media provider to reach you based on extensive tracking of your previous activities online. Why is this kind of activity not perceived or experienced as a form of social control or coercion, or as a form of institutional surveillance of a state’s citizenry? Would you see this as a form of monitoring or “wiretapping”? Why or why not?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Essay Question 3

3) One of the often-heard complaints about the political system in the United States is that “nothing gets done.”How might you approach the study of this question from the perspective of a political anthropologist?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 15 Knowledge of Key Terms and Concepts Essay Question 4

4) It is often said that political corruption is something that happens in other countries or is worse than in one’s own. How do you explain this notion as a political anthropologist?