Complete Test Bank Chapter.9 Organizing The Speech The Body

Chapter 9 Organizing the Speech: The Body

Multiple Choice

1. A well-organized speech will lead to what result?

a. Listeners may forget unconnected ideas.

b. Listeners will stop attending to the speech.

c. Listeners will be distracted while trying to reconstruct your logic.

d. Listeners will understand, remember, and be influenced by your message.

Learning Objective: 9.1 Explain why the organization of a speech is important for both the speaker and the audience.

Topic: Why Is Organization Important?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

2. Millicent wants to organize her speech so that her listeners remember each of her three main points. Millicent wants her organizational pattern to enhance __________ of the audience.

a. personal satisfaction

b. active listening

c. recall

d. persuasion

Learning Objective: 9.1 Explain why the organization of a speech is important for both the speaker and the audience.

Topic: Why Is Organization Important?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

3. Gerron selected the main ideas for his speech and decided to place them in chronological order. What process is Gerron using?

a. organization

b. persuasion

c. recall

d. active listening

Learning Objective: 9.1 Explain why the organization of a speech is important for both the speaker and the audience.

Topic: Why Is Organization Important?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

4. The two basic components of organization are __________.

a. organizing and outlining

b. main points and subpoints

c. ideas and evidence

d. selection and arrangement

Learning Objective: 9.1 Explain why the organization of a speech is important for both the speaker and the audience.

Topic: Why Is Organization Important?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

5. Lisa has three divisions within her speech: early transportation modes, the introduction of the automobile, and modern transportation methods. These three divisions make up the __________ of her speech.

a. supporting material

b. main ideas

c. active listening

d. thesis

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

6. Billy wants to promote the thesis, “We must preserve our wilderness areas to protect our culture and heritage.” Which main point is least relevant to this thesis?

a. Our wilderness areas are endangered.

b. Wilderness areas reflect our culture.

c. Wilderness areas offer recreational opportunities.

d. We can preserve our wilderness.

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

7. “Chocolate is high in fat, but full of nutrition, and can be considered healthy.” This statement would not make a good main idea because it lacks __________.

a. discreteness

b. simplicity

c. coherence

d. balance

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

8. When each main point in an outline addresses a separate idea without any overlap, the main points have the characteristic of __________.

a. discreteness

b. simplicity

c. coherence

d. balance

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

9. Renee told her audience, “The spring is wet. The fall is damp. The winter is cold.” Which characteristic is evident in her main ideas?

a. coherence

b. simplicity

c. parallel structure

d. balance

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

10. Carlos made sure that his main points had __________ by checking that they were not loaded toward one particular aspect of the topic or one particular point of view.

a. balance

b. parallel structure

c. simplicity

d. discreteness

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

11. Main points have __________ when the main ideas have a clear relationship and hang together so that listeners can see why these points appear in the same speech.

a. discreteness

b. simplicity

c. balance

d. coherence

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

12. The audience was confused when Josh’s speech talked about the importance of recycling plastic containers, the out-of-control forest fires in the Northwest United States, and three ways to cut grocery costs. Josh’s main points seem to lack __________.

a. discreteness

b. simplicity

c. coherence

d. balance

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

13. Each main idea in an outline should address a separate idea so that the information under the main headings does not overlap. This characteristic is known as __________.

a. balance

b. discreteness

c. coherence

d. simplicity

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

14. Carol’s presentation on how the local library raises scholarship funds for underprivileged high school seniors failed to talk about how the library disperses the funds. Carol’s main ideas lacked __________.

a. parallel structure

b. completeness

c. balance

d. coherence

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

15. What is wrong with the following main points from Ryan’s speech about the Civil War?

I. The southern economy was threatened.

II. Southerners wanted to preserve state sovereignty.

III. Southerners resented the superior attitude of Northerners.

IV. Northerners were influenced by abolitionists.

a. The points are not simple.

b. The points are not balanced.

c. The points are not coherent.

d. The points are not discrete.

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

16. The main ideas in an outline should be clearly related to each other; they should “hang together.” This characteristic is called __________.

a. simplicity

b. balance

c. discreteness

d. coherence

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

17. Duke’s speech about smoking covered these main ideas:

I. Smoking is a health hazard.

II. Smoking can cause cancer.

III. Smoking can cause death.

Since cancer is a health hazard, these main points are not __________.

a. discrete

b. balanced

c. simple

d. complete

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

18. Good research turns up a lot of information. If you have too many ideas, you can select the ideas for your speech by choosing only those that are __________.

a. combined

b. dependent

c. primary

d. essential

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

19. Consider the following main points:

I. Capital punishment is unconstitutional.

II. Capital punishment is an ineffective deterrent.

III. Capital punishment is discriminatory.

IV. Capital punishment is a just punishment.

Three are arguments against capital punishment, and one is an argument in favor of capital punishment. What problem does this reflect?

a. The points are not discrete.

b. The points are not balanced.

c. The points are not simple.

d. The points are not parallel.

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

20. Consider the following main ideas:

I. Poor preparation in high school leads to difficulty in students’ ability to adjust to college work.

II. Difficulty in adjusting to college work leads to a lower college GPA.

III. Lower GPAs limit job opportunities.

These main ideas are __________.

a. independent

b. incoherent

c. dependent

d. incomplete

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

21. When main ideas can stand alone because the truth of each does not depend on the others, they are __________.

a. incoherent

b. independent

c. parallel

d. dependent

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

22. Consider the following main points:

I. Campus speech codes are unacceptably vague.

II. Campus speech codes discourage the discussion of controversial issues.

III. Campus speech codes bring bad publicity to the college.

Which of the following qualities is represented in these points?

a. logically dependent

b. relatively unfamiliar

c. logically independent

d. chronological

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

23. Colleen is determining the primacy and recency effect of her main ideas. What question is she answering?

a. Should my most entertaining example be in my introduction or my conclusion?

b. Should my strongest ideas come first or last in my speech?

c. How independent are my main ideas?

d. Should my supporting materials be shown at the same time as my main ideas?

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

24. Caesar believes that his strongest point should come first in his speech. He is organizing his main ideas based on __________.

a. primacy

b. recency

c. dependence

d. independence

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

25. According to the primacy effect, if a speaker explains the five speech activities—invention, arrangement, style, delivery, and memory—in that order, which one is the audience most likely to remember?

a. invention

b. arrangement

c. style

d. delivery

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

26. According to the primacy-recency principles, you should place your weakest main idea __________.

a. as the middle point

b. as the first main point

c. as the last main point

d. in the introduction

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

27. Which organizational pattern should Nala use if she wants to explain the development of the Women’s Rights movement from its inception until today?

a. categorical

b. spatial

c. chronological

d. cause-effect

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

28. Shontal decides to organize her main ideas according to the timeline in which they occurred. Which organizational pattern is she using?

a. chronological

b. categorical

c. spatial

d. cause-effect

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

29. The news reporter told the audience that global warming had increased temperatures in the Midwest, brought more rain to the South, and created drought conditions in the West. Which organizational pattern did this news reporter use?

a. problem-solution

b. topical

c. chronological

d. spatial

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

30. Al wants to give an informative speech about global warming. He wants to describe how global warming occurs and what its consequences are. What organizational pattern is best suited for this speech?

a. problem-solution

b. cause-effect

c. spatial

d. chronological

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

31. Herbert wants to inform his audience about the three main Middle Eastern religions: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. What organizational pattern is best suited to this topic?

a. categorical

b. chronological

c. spatial

d. problem-solution

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

32. What organizational pattern is reflected in the following main points?

I. Society has become increasingly dependent on privately owned automobiles for transportation.

II. More automobiles mean increased consumption of fossil fuels.

III. Our depleted oil reserves will be exhausted within seventy-five years.

a. chronological

b. cause-effect

c. spatial

d. problem-solution

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

33. Manuel told the audience that the community was suffering from high taxes and unemployment. He then described how poor decisions at the state government level had created these issues. Which organizational pattern is Manuel using?

a. topical

b. spatial

c. effect-cause

d. chronological

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

34. Michael’s speech about the similarities and differences between Olympic hockey rules and U.S. hockey rules is best addressed using a __________ organizational pattern.

a. comparison and contrast

b. spatial

c. topical

d. cause-effect

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

35. Hassan’s speech proposed that raising money to fix the poor condition of local roads could be addressed by putting a referendum on the ballot at the next election. The most appropriate organizational pattern for this speech is __________.

a. residues

b. categorical

c. spatial

d. problem-solution

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

36. When you arrange your speech according to the process of elimination, your organizational pattern is __________.

a. spatial

b. chronological

c. residues

d. categorical

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

37. What is the most important factor in determining how much supporting material you should include in support of your claims?

a. your purpose

b. your thesis

c. your audience analysis

d. the rhetorical situation

Learning Objective: 9.4 Decide how much and which kinds of supporting material you need and how to arrange the support for each idea.

Topic: Selecting and Arranging Supporting Materials

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

38. Subheadings are used to support the __________ of a speech.

a. statistics

b. main ideas

c. introduction

d. conclusion

Learning Objective: 9.4 Decide how much and which kinds of supporting material you need and how to arrange the support for each idea.

Topic: Selecting and Arranging Supporting Materials

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

39. Kathryn is giving a talk about advances in plumbing products. She plans to show her audience a showerhead from the earliest days of indoor plumbing, a showerhead with multiple jets from the 1980s, and a rain-shower faucet from today. How is Kathryn arranging her supporting materials?

a. topically

b. cause-effect

c. spatially

d. chronologically

Learning Objective: 9.4 Decide how much and which kinds of supporting material you need and how to arrange the support for each idea.

Topic: Selecting and Arranging Supporting Materials

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

40. Sanjay explained to his listeners that college students in the Midwest preferred all-you-can-eat meal plans, while East Coast students preferred pick-two meal plans and students in the South made their own food and didn’t pay for a meal plan. Which organizational pattern is Sanjay using for his supporting material?

a. spatial

b. problem-solution

c. chronological

d. topical

Learning Objective: 9.4 Decide how much and which kinds of supporting material you need and how to arrange the support for each idea.

Topic: Selecting and Arranging Supporting Materials

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

Essay Questions

41. What are the positive effects of an organized message over a disorganized message?

• Organization improves understanding and retention.
• The audience will more likely be influenced.

Learning Objective: 9.1 Explain why the organization of a speech is important for both the speaker and the audience.

Topic: Why Is Organization Important?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

42. Describe three reasons why it is important for an audience to follow a speaker’s organizational pattern.

• Recall: an audience can better remember the main ideas of a speech when they are presented in a recognizable pattern.
• Active listening: effective organization engages the listener and enhances their ability to ignore distractions.
• Personal satisfaction: when audience members can anticipate what’s coming next, they feel more “in the know” and a part of the discussion.

Learning Objective: 9.1 Explain why the organization of a speech is important for both the speaker and the audience.

Topic: Why Is Organization Important?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

43. Explain the criteria for deciding which main points to include in your speech. Identify a sample topic and thesis, and give an example of a main point that might be included and an example of a main point that might be excluded for each criterion.

• Two to five main ideas, including a point to leave out and a point to include
• An indication about which ideas are essential, omitting those that are merely interesting or convenient; the ideal answer will provide an example of a less-relevant point on a topic
• Ideas that are essential to serve the purpose of the speech; the ideal answer will identify a nonessential idea on a topic
• An attempt to combine ideas with general ideas; the ideal answer will identify at least two points that can be combined.
• Student examples will vary.

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

44. Describe some important characteristics that main ideas should have in order to be successful.

• Simplicity: main ideas should be stated succinctly in a single short sentence.
• Discreteness: each main idea should be separate from others and should not overlap with other ideas.
• Parallel structure: main ideas should be stated in similar fashion and have the same grammatical structure where possible. This makes the pattern easy for listeners to follow.
• Balance: when considered together, the main ideas should not be loaded toward one particular aspect of the subject but should add up to a balanced perspective.
• Coherence: each separate idea should have a clear relationship with the other ideas and listeners should understand why they are included in the same speech.
• Completeness: all of the main ideas taken together should create a complete picture of the subject. Nothing essential should be omitted.

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

45. Provide an example of parallel structure of main ideas. Point out the key terms that listeners would notice based on this structure.

• Student examples will vary.
• A speech on high school sports might contain these three main points.
  • High school sports promote teamwork.
  • High school sports promote fitness.
  • High school sports promote commitment.
• The key terms that an audience would notice are teamwork, fitness, and commitment.
• Student examples will vary.

Learning Objective: 9.2 Identify criteria for selecting the main ideas to include in your speech and the characteristics of a main idea.

Topic: Selecting the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

46. What criteria should you use to select among possible supporting materials? For example, if you have testimony from four or five experts, how would you select which one to use? Suggest a hypothetical main point from a speech and provide an example of a piece of supporting material that meets all criteria.

• Student examples will vary.
• Response must include identification of a main point for a speech and accompanying example of supporting material which is appropriate.
• Response also references description of how that supporting material meets the criteria in the text:
  • Is it easy to understand?
  • Is it vivid and interesting?
  • Is it consistent with other things you know?
  • Is it efficient to present?
  • Can you cite it easily in the speech?

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

47. Discuss when a speaker would consider the primacy and recency effect.

• A speaker needs to determine when to present the strongest main point
• Primacy effect says to put the strongest idea first
• Recency effect says to put the strongest idea last
• A speaker needs to consider the audience’s perception and know if they need to build up their trust in the speaker
• Often the strength of an idea depends not on the idea itself, but on how that idea sits with the audience
• However, if one idea seems weaker than the others, you should present it in a middle position rather than either toward the beginning or toward the end.

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

48. Identify the seven patterns of arrangement and write a set of main points that reflect each of these patterns.

• The patterns of arrangement are (1) chronological, (2) spatial, (3) categorical, (4) cause-effect, (5) problem-solution, (6) comparison-contrast, and (7) residues.
• For each pattern, the answer should offer a list of main points similar to the examples included in Section 9.3 of the text.

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

49. Describe some points to consider when choosing the organizational pattern of a speech.

• The pattern might be based on your subject. Certain topics lend themselves to certain patterns.
• It might be based on your purpose. You might be comparing and contrasting two things to make your point or discussing the history of the topic (chronological).
• It might be based on your audience. Audiences who are unfamiliar with a topic might be more receptive to a chronological arrangement.
• It might be based on the culture. Cultures and subcultures have certain patterns for receiving information.

Learning Objective: 9.3 Arrange the main ideas into recognizable patterns and decide what patterns of arrangement to use.

Topic: Arranging the Main Ideas

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

50. What criteria should a speaker use to select the supporting material to be included in a speech? Explain why these criteria are important.

• The criteria for selecting supporting material are
• (1) strength of supporting material,
• (2) ease of understanding,
• (3) vivid or interesting support,
• (4) consistency with other things the speaker knows,
• (5) efficiency of presentation, and
• (6) ease of citation.
• Identify why the criteria are important by providing an example, such as when a speaker chooses between different samples of testimony; in that example, a decision without criteria is arbitrary.

Learning Objective: 9.4 Decide how much and which kinds of supporting material you need and how to arrange the support for each idea.

Topic: Selecting and Arranging Supporting Materials

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It