Chapter 11: Education and Religion

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Education and ______ are closely related processes because education builds on the base of knowledge already acquired in early life.

A. socialization

B. family

C. bureaucracy

D. stratification

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The correlation between educational attainment and employment earnings is ______.

A. strong and negative

B. strong and positive

C. weak and positive

D. weak and negative

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. In his 1966 study, Coleman found few school characteristics that were related to which of these?

A. employment outcomes

B. student learning

C. subjective well-being

D. graduation rates

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Coleman Report: How Much Do Schools Matter?

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. According to the text, differences in children’s educational levels can be detected as early as ______.

A. 6 months of age

B. 2 years of age

C. 4 years of age

D. 7 years of age

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Coleman Report: How Much Do Schools Matter?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The first study of American schools found that the most important school characteristics were the family background and racial composition of the students attending the school as well as ______.

A. teacher quality

B. a friendly administration

C. funding

D. gender

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Coleman Report: How Much Do Schools Matter?

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray argue that educational inequalities and differences in learning and schooling are largely determined by which of these?

A. social class background

B. one’s neighborhood

C. inborn differences in intelligence

D. teaching quality

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intelligence and School Success

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Betty Hart and Todd Risley’s research shows that there is a correlation between children's exposure to differences in parenting practices and which of these?

A. children’s academic performance

B. how they in turn raised their own children

C. children’s vocabulary growth

D. children’s discipline problems

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Class Differences in Early Childhood

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. What was the outcome of the Perry Preschool policy experiment?

A. Perry Preschool students were discriminated against later in life.

B. Perry Preschool students became more interested in social policy as they aged.

C. Perry Preschool children were more likely than the control group to finish high school and college.

D. The children who received no preschool had better outcomes than those who participated in preschool.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Preschool

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The process by which the most advantaged individuals are awarded the best opportunities is referred to as the ______.

A. cumulative advantage

B. tracking advantage

C. performance advantage

D. schooling advantage

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Inequality Within Schools: Tracking and Student Outcomes

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. According to the text, one of the most difficult things for any religion is ______.

A. to explain why we are here

B. to explain why there are other religions

C. to explain suffering

D. to explain the signs of a higher power without scientific evidence

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Belief

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Émile Durkheim argued that all human experience could be divided into two categories, the ______ and the ______.

A. ordinary; extraordinary

B. sacred; profane

C. plain; special

D. reverend; sublime

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Belief

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Amitra is participating in a religious ceremony that takes part over 2 days. These 2 days away from ordinary reality mark which of these?

A. a ritual

B. a transition

C. a liminal period

D. a rite of passage

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ritual

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Which of these is an example of a rite of passage?

A. taking your driver’s license examination

B. going to synagogue

C. getting married

D. visiting a friend’s religious group

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Ritual

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. According to the text, in which region do countries report the highest importance of religion?

A. countries in parts of Asia, the Middle East, and sub-Saharan Africa

B. countries in Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean

C. countries in Western Europe and North America

D. countries in Central America and South America

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Experience

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. The decline in the significance of religion is called ______.

A. secularization

B. demystification

C. civil religion

D. atheization

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Secularization

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Each year, the Lopez family spends time visiting national historical monuments in Virginia and Washington, DC. This ritual is part of which of these?

A. family religion

B. state religion

C. civil religion

D. ecclesiastic religion

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Civil Religion

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. What is the term for the beliefs, experiences, and rituals that provide a sense of collective national identity?

A. patriotic religion

B. state religion

C. capitalist religion

D. civil religion

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Civil Religion

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. A group who believes in a shared religious message, wants to remain apart from society, and admits only new members who conform to the group’s norms exemplifies which of these?

A. a church

B. a cult

C. an ecclesia

D. a sect

Learning Objective: 11.5: Describe the types of religious organizations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sects

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Which of these is a highly organized form of religion with professional leaders that is made up of people from a variety of social class backgrounds who were typically born into the group?

A. a church

B. a cult

C. an ecclesia

D. a sect

Learning Objective: 11.5: Describe the types of religious organizations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Churches

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Like a church, a(n) ______ is an organized form of religious expression that is usually supportive of the social order and of other religious forms.

A. movement

B. cult

C. denomination

D. evangelical

Learning Objective: 11.5: Describe the types of religious organizations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Denominations

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Which of these groups would sociologists identify as a denomination?

A. Lutherans

B. Nxivm

C. Muslims

D. Jehovah Witnesses

Learning Objective: 11.5: Describe the types of religious organizations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Denomination

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Which of these forms does a cult most resemble?

A. a sect

B. a church

C. a denomination

D. a business

Learning Objective: 11.5: Describe the types of religious organizations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cults and New Religious Movements

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. Sami has just joined a small, new, group that has never been associated with another religious tradition but claims to have discovered eternal truths. Her group discourages her from attending her former religious organization. Sami’s new group is probably which of these?

A. a sect

B. a church

C. a denomination

D. a new religious movement

Learning Objective: 11.5: Describe the types of religious organizations.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cults and New Religious Movements

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. The religion with the largest number in the world’s population is ______.

A. Islam

B. Buddhism

C. Christianity

D. Hinduism

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Religion and Globalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. Which religion has a significant historical and contemporary impact despite being one of the smallest of the world’s religions?

A. Hinduism

B. Buddhism

C. Muslim

D. Judaism

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Judaism

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Which religion, heavily concentrated in India, spans six continents through migration and the spread of its teaching?

A. Hinduism

B. Buddhism

C. Islam

D. Pentecostalism

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hinduism

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. Which religion has moved from its origins in India but primarily resides on the Asian Continent?

A. Hinduism

B. Buddhism

C. Islam

D. Pentecostalism

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Buddhism

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. In what part of the world has resistance to creating cultural and religious space for Muslim immigrants been greatest?

A. the United States

B. Western Europe

C. China

D. Eastern Europe

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Faith on the Move

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. Vera belongs to a religious group that explains that most members of society are damned. It encourages members to return to basic beliefs and views the world in very Black and White ways. Which of these terms applies to Vera’s group?

A. secularization

B. fundamentalism

C. profane

D. church

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Fundamentalism

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Fundamentalism can be connected to the globalization in which of the following two ways?

A. It is isolationist and reactionary.

B. It is expansionist and reactionary.

C. It is expansionist and its members are very active in cyber communities.

D. It is expansionist and also largely impacted by globalization.

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fundamentalism

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Education can serve as a buffer to those with higher educational levels in times of economic recession.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Education makes a big difference at the individual level but varies too much person by person to affect the national level of income.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. We can tell that American education is meritocratic because social origin and ascribed statuses have little effect on how much students learn and how far they go in school.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Inequality in Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Women are more likely than men to obtain a bachelor’s and/or master’s degree.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Who Succeeds in School?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Recent research on school effects has contradicted the findings of the Coleman Report.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Coleman Report: How Much Do Schools Matter?

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray claimed that differences in learning and schooling are largely determined by differences in intelligence.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intelligence and School Success

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. According to Hart and Risley’s research on household interaction, working-class families spoke to their young children using about the same number of words as did professional families.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Class Differences in Early Childhood

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Studies on preschool have concluded that it is unlikely to produce long-term results around educational inequality.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Preschool

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Grouping students by ability is known as tracking.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inequality Within Schools: Tracking and Student Outcomes

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. If Keisha is consistently placed in high tracks, she will likely outperform other students. This process is known as cumulative advantage.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Inequality Within Schools: Tracking and Student Outcomes

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Most homeschooled children are Asian.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Homeschooling

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The United States has the lowest percentage globally of children who are being taught at home.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Homeschooling

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Michelle is from a high-income family and all her relatives have advanced degrees. Michelle is likely to have a college-going habitus.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Who Goes to College?

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Asian countries ranked highest in the PISA scores for math, reading, and science.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Compare the educational system in the United States to the systems in other countries around the world.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: PISA Rankings

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The text compares schools in the United States, Germany, and Japan to illustrate the superiority of the U.S. educational system when compared to other developed nations.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Compare the educational system in the United States to the systems in other countries around the world.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: German, Japanese, and U.S. Education Systems

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Religion is a social phenomenon that consists of beliefs about the sacred, practices or rituals, and the community that shares similar beliefs and practices.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Religion?

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. The three main components of religion are beliefs, rituals, and experiences.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Components of Religion

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. In Ha’s religious group, members spend a considerable amount of time praying and chanting. In other words, Ha’s religion involves the use of many rites of passage.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ritual

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. People who live in wealthier nations are more likely to be religious than those who live in poorer nations.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Experience

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. In the United States, the Fourth of July is celebrated with fireworks and lively music. These practices are part of the country’s civil religion.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Civil Religion

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Secularization refers to the decline of the significance of religion at the societal and individual levels.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Secularization

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Anna’s family has becoming increasingly religious over the past three generations, and religious experiences are a major part of their recent family history. Anna’s family could be said to be secularized.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Secularization

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Contemporary religious organizations compete among themselves for consumers of religion much like manufacturers compete for customers.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Religion as a Form of Consumption

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. A religious organization marked by bureaucracy, training, highly codified beliefs, and elaborate rituals is called a church.

Learning Objective: 11.5: Describe the types of religious organizations.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Churches

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Both denominations and churches have in common that their religious services are formal and reserved, with an emphasis on teaching rather than on an emotional religious experience.

Learning Objective: 11.5: Describe the types of religious organizations.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Denominations

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. The Church of Scientology is an example of a new religious movement.

Learning Objective: 11.5: Describe the types of religious organizations.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cults and New Religious Movements

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Today, the vast majority of Jews live in the Middle East.

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Judaism

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. China has the largest number of Buddhists in the world.

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Buddhism

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Mormonism has shown drastic global decline in the last 60 years.

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mormonism

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. The two religions that contribute the most immigrants globally are Islam and Buddhism.

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Faith on the Move

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Discuss the Coleman Report findings in relation to The Bell Curve work by Herrnstein and Murray. What claims did each make, and what were the implications? How has sociology responded to these findings?

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Inequality in Education | The Coleman Report: How Much Do Schools Matter?

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Compare three types of alternative types of schooling discussed in the text. Explain the trends and pros and cons associated with each.

Learning Objective: 11.2: Describe inequality in education, its sources, and its effects.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Alternatives to Traditional Public School

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Compare the differences that exist between German, Japanese, and U.S. schools.

Learning Objective: 11.3: Compare the educational system in the United States to the systems in other countries around the world.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: German, Japanese, and U.S. Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What defines religion? Name the three major components of religion.

Learning Objective: 11.4: Identify the major components of religion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Religion

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Select any two religions that are discussed in your text and explain the characteristics of each religion, such as its size, social characteristics, and where it is primarily located in the world.

Learning Objective: 11.6: Describe the relationship between globalization and the world’s major religions.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Most Significant Global Religions

Difficulty Level: Medium