Complete Test Bank Chapter 2 Adaptation And Evolution

Chapter 2 Adaptation and Evolution

Multiple Choice

1. Darwin was interested in marine iguanas because
2. they provided food for the expedition.
3. their behavior interested him.
4. they differed from land iguanas.
5. a and b
6. b and c
7. An adaptation is a feature of the organism that
8. increases its population size.
9. increases its fitness.
10. affects other organisms.
11. does not include behavior.
12. does not include morphology.
13. Which of the following influenced Darwin’s thinking about evolution?
14. the theory of uniformitarianism
15. the geology of volcanoes
16. geographic variation in species
17. all of the above
18. none of the above
19. Which of the following was not a component of Darwin’s logical argument about natural selection?
20. There is variation among individuals in a population.
21. Few organisms achieve their reproductive potential.
22. There is competition among individuals.
23. New species arise primarily on islands.
24. none of the above
25. The gene pool is characterized by
26. allele frequencies.
27. mutations.
28. its DNA sequences.
29. Mendel’s laws.
30. none of the above
31. For a population of 100 individuals in which 60 are homozygous dominant (AA), 20 are heterozygous (Aa), and 20 are homozygous recessive (aa), the value of p is
32. 0.6.
33. 0.2.
34. 0.7.
35. 0.5.
36. 1.0.
37. Which of the following is not an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg model?
38. Mating is random.
39. no differential success of genotypes
40. no competition among individuals
41. no net movement of alleles
42. no new mutations
43. What is the significance of a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
44. It is not evolving.
45. Selection and gene flow are in equilibrium.
46. Each genotype occurs in equal frequency.
47. The values of p and q are equal.
48. none of the above
49. Resistance to pesticides
50. is an example of gene flow.
51. arises by genetic drift.
52. is the result of long-term changes in the pesticide.
53. is independent of the selection coefficient.
54. none of the above
55. Genetic drift
56. always opposes natural selection.
57. is more significant in small populations.
58. is the result of gene flow.
59. depends on the fitness of the alleles.
60. none of the above
61. In disruptive selection,
62. one tail of the distribution is favored.
63. both tails of the distribution are favored.
64. the center of the distribution is favored.
65. the tails and center of the distribution are favored.
66. none of the above
67. Fitness is
68. a property of the population.
69. a property of the species.
70. a property of the individual.
71. independent of the environment.
72. none of the above
73. The significance of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is that
74. it demonstrates that evolution eventually stops.
75. it demonstrates that natural selection is the only mechanism of evolution.
76. it demonstrates that evolution only happens in large populations.
77. its assumptions lead to mechanisms of evolution.
78. none of the above
79. Phenotypic plasticity
80. is unimportant to evolution.
81. is the direct result of the environment on the phenotype.
82. is the direct result of the genotype on the phenotype.
83. occurs in traits with high heritability.
84. none of the above
85. Darwin’s theory
86. resulted from his understanding of genetics.
87. states that all features of organisms are adaptive.
88. did not include genetic drift as a mechanism.
89. was immediately accepted.
90. none of the above
91. An organism’s phenotype
92. is determined only by its genotype.
93. is independent of its genotype.
94. is an example of mutation.
95. does not evolve.
96. none of the above

True/False

1. Directional selection eliminates the average individuals.
2. Heritability and the selection coefficient determine the rate of evolution.
3. Mutation pressure changes the effective population size
4. Ecotypes are the result of phenotypic plasticity.
5. Darwin’s theory of evolution was correct but incomplete.

Fill in the Blank/Short Answer

1. Genetic drift is more pronounces when __________ is small; natural selection is more pronounced when __________ is large.
2. The panda’s “thumb” is an example of __________.
3. The __________ states that for some species the environment changes faster than adaptations can arise.
4. In Wright’s adaptive landscape, the vertical (y) axis depicts the __________ of the genotype.
5. The sum of all alleles in a population constitutes the __________.
6. __________ is one factor that decreases the value of N_e.
7. If the value of p = 1.0 we say that the allele is __________.
8. If the value of q = 0.78, the value of p is __________.
9. Ecotypes are most likely to arise if __________ and __________.
10. In a population in H-W equilibrium in which p = 0.4 and q = 0.6, the frequency of the heterozygotes is __________.

1. If there are just two alleles at a locus, p + q must equal __________.
2. How was Darwin’s theory of evolution incomplete?