Complete Test Bank Ch.16 Kumar Fundamentals of Data Analysis

Test Bank

CHAPTER 16 Fundamentals of Data Analysis

True-False

1. Data analysis is a powerful aid to gaining useful knowledge and it

can help an investigator rescue even poorly conceived research.

2. If a research study is well designed, then the researcher is assured

of clear judgments and conclusions leading to good decisions, even

if the data analysis techniques aren't entirely appropriate.

3. The basic purpose of data analysis is to extract meaning and

knowledge from the collected data.

4. The purpose of editing is to identify omissions, ambiguities, and

errors in the responses.

5. Omissions refer simply to the errors resulting from the failure of

interviewers to ask all questions.

6. Ambiguity is the result of an interviewer's failing to understand

the question he must ask his respondents.

7. When problems are identified during the editing stage, the

researcher's only options are to re-contact the respondent or to

throw out the entire questionnaire.

8. The coding of closed-ended questions involves judgment decisions.

9. It is generally easier to code open-ended questions as compared with

closed-ended questions because the researcher has more options with

open-ended questions.

10. Consider the following question: "What are your opinions about the

way the President is handling the economic problems facing the

nation?" This is an example of a closed-ended question.

11. Every questionnaire should have some open-ended questions.

12. A frequency distribution simply reports the number of responses that

each question category receives.

13. It is generally easier for an analyst to interpret the raw numbers

rather than the percentages that have been subsequently derived from

the data.

14. The decision to combine certain categories is dependent upon the

ease with which this can be done and the number of original

categories.

15. Frequency distributions, though sometimes unwieldy, do provide more

information than does the sample mean.

16. When the data is collected on a nominal scale, the researcher can

only use the mean and percentages to make meaningful conclusions.

17. A researcher who uses a frequency distribution or a single number

will necessarily reach the same conclusion.

18. Product usage is a useful variable when a researcher is seeking to

segment the population.

19. The difference between means is concerned with the association

between two questions, the question defining the group (for example,

smokers or nonsmokers) and another question (fear of fires).

20. Hypothesis testing of a difference between means can help

researcher decide whether a certain difference was obtained merely

by chance or because of differences in the underlying populations.

21. If a researcher's objective is to analyze a single question for

various subgroups, based on a frequency distribution, the technique

is termed cross-tabulation.

22. While analyzing his data, Mr. Thorough decided to use a frequency

distribution to study the response to each question. Later he became

interested in finding out if there were any significant differences

between the three subgroups in his study. The appropriate technique

at this stage is the difference between means.

23. When cross-tabulating data, the objective of the researcher is to

learn how the response variable varies from subgroup to subgroup.

24. Cross-tabulation is the analysis of association between two

variables that are nominally scaled.

25. Scale transformation involves the manipulation of scale values to ensure compatibility

with other scales

26. Consider the diagram shown below:

The correlation between sales and advertising is close to 1.0.

27. While inspecting political polling data, you notice that when the

distance jogged by the President (the independent variable)

increases, his popularity rating (the dependent variable) goes down.

This would indicate a positive correlation between the two variables.

28. A researcher made the following claim: "The correlation between the

weight of a car and its mileage is 45." Without additional

information, it is impossible to say whether this claim is true.

29. Multivariate analysis can be used to group variables or people or to

understand the relationship between variables.

30. In weighting, categories that are underrepresented in the sample are given lower

weights, while overrepresented categories are given higher weights

31. Coding for closed-ended questions is much more difficult than open-ended questions

32. The t-test is more sensitive to violations of equal the equal-variance assumption.

33. Nominal-scaled data is the best from the perspective of data analysis

Multiple Choice

1. The process that is used to make the sample data more representative

of the population that has been surveyed is called

1. editing
2. coding
3. weighting
4. transcribing
5. Which one of the following is not an assumption underlying a test statistic?
6. the samples are independent
7. the characteristic of interest in each population have normal distribution
8. the two populations are of equal size
9. the populations have equal variances
10. The most primitive form of data from data analysis perspective is
11. nominal scale
12. ordinal scale
13. interval scale
14. ratio scale
15. Analysis of association between two nominally scaled variables is called
16. analysis of variance
17. cross tabulation
18. factor analysis
19. cluster analysis
20. If there are m levels of qualitative variables, ________ dummy variables are

used to specify them

1. m
2. m+1
3. m-1
4. m x 2

6. The process of data analysis involves

1. editing and coding the data.

2. collecting the data.

3. tabulating each question.

4. estimating differences between means.

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

e. 2, 3, and 4

7. The process of editing the data involves

a. detecting and correcting interviewer errors.

b. discovering inconsistencies between responses.

c. identifying omissions, ambiguities, and errors in responses.

d. eliminating data from ineligible respondents.

e. all of these.

8. While editing the data collected in a survey to determine the

psychographic profiles of heavy users of cereals, some of the

responses were found to contain omissions, ambiguities, and errors.

The researcher should do which of the following?

1. Try to recontact the respondents (if feasible) and obtain clarification.

2. Throw out those questionnaires which have many errors

or errors involving crucial questions.

3. Ignore questionable responses while making use of the

remainder of a respondent's data.

4. Use intuition and common sense to revise erroneous

responses, based on an educated assessment of how

respondent should have answered.

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

e. 1, 2, or 3

9. The coding of open-ended questions

a. is much more difficult than for closed-ended questions.

b. could require the coder to make a judgmental decision.

c. and the problems involved make it advisable to avoid open-ended

questions as much as possible.

d. can be difficult when the handwriting of the respondents is illegible.

e. all of these.

Use the following information for questions 10 and 11.

10. The table above is an example of

a difference between means.

b. a frequency distribution.

c. a two-way tabulation.

d. a cross-tabulation.

e. an interval-scaled question.

11. The percentage of people who say that they will buy the product as

soon as it is introduced is: (1) less than that of those who will

purchase if others seem satisfied; (2) 20 percent; (3) 2/3 of the

percentage of people who will check the price before purchasing.

a. (1)

b. (1) and (2)

c. (1), (2), and (3)

d. (2) and (3)

e. (1) and (3)

12. Which of the questions listed below would be the easiest to code?

a. "What are the attributes that a good president must have?"

b. "What is your opinion of the influence of the Hare Krisna

group (a religious sect) on the minds of its younger members?"

c. "What influence, if any, do you think TV commercials have on children?"

d. "What are the major achievements and failures of the system of American government?"

e. "What type of oven do you have: (1) gas, (2) electric, (3) microwave, (4) other?"

13. Consider the following table:

a. The percentage of people with a height of 74 in. is close to 24 percent.

b. The average height of the sample is 70 in.

c. Most of the people in the sample are taller than or as tall as 70 in.

d. The most common height (mode) in the sample is 70 in.

e. All of these are true.

14. Consider the following table:

(This table represents the heights and basketball team memberships

of high school students in a small mid-western town.)

1. The expected percentages of basketball players in the

population are 70, 80, 50, 40, and 30, respectively.

2. The estimated number of students in the city's high schools

playing basketball, based on the various samples, is 105,

160, 125, 80, and 75.

3. The estimated total number of basketball players in the city's high schools is 545.

4. The (weighted) average height of the city's basketball

players is different from the average height of the sample.

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

e. 1, 2, and 3

15. ABC Incorporated asked a sample of residents in each of two cities

to indicate the brand of shampoo most preferred by them. They found

that 40 percent of the people in City 1 preferred Brand A, as

compared with 30 percent in City 2. The results indicate that

1. Brand A is more popular with the sample respondents in City 1.

2. Brand A is more popular with the residents in City 1.

3. a hypothesis test of the significance of the difference in

sample percentages is needed before any conclusions about

differences in population can be made.

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 1 and 3

e. 1 and 2

Use the following information for questions 16 through 18

16. The table shown above is an example of

a. one-way classification.

b. four-way classification.

c. six-way classification.

d. cross-tabulation.

e. none of the above.

18. What inferences about the relation between income and oven ownership

may be drawn from the data above?

a. No inferences can be made without performing a hypothesis test.

b. The higher the income, the fewer the number of ovens owned.

c. A higher proportion of people in the lower income bracket own microwave ovens.

d. A higher proportion of those in the higher income bracket own microwave ovens.

e. In absolute terms, the ownership of conventional ovens seems to

decline with income, while that of microwaves appears to increase.

Use the following information for questions 19 and 20

19. The correlation between sales and radio ad budget

a. is 0.

b. is negative.

c. is approximately .9.

d. is less than .75.

e. cannot be calculated, because the number of data points is too small.

20. Which of the following would be the most likely plot of the data points?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

e. 5

21. A researcher might want to do multivariate analysis for which of the

following legitimate reasons?

1. To be able to group variables or people

2. To help improve predictive validity

3. To compare the difference between two means

4. To make the results look more meaningful and impressive to management

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

e. 1 and 2

22. A procedure in which the variables are brought to a mean of 0, and a standard

deviation of 1 is called ________________

a. Data modification

b. Variable Re-specification

c. Scale Transformation

d. Standardization

23. A procedure in which the existing data with a large number of variables are collapsed into

fewer variables, is called ________

a. Weighting

b. Standardization

c. Scale Transformation

d. Variable Re-specification