Chapter 15: Training and Development: Considerations in Design

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is NOT a factor driving the increased demand for workplace training as mentioned in the reading?

A. increased training options for nonstandard workers

B. employees remaining longer in one organization

C. growing demand for personal and professional development

D. the effects of digital technology on work

Learning Objective: 15-1: Identify key factors that are driving the demand for well-designed and well-executed programs of workplace learning.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Factors Driving the Increasing Demand for Workplace Training
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

2. ______ is the ability to perform and is available over a long period of time.

A. Learning

B. Performance

C. Behavior

D. Knowledge

Learning Objective: 15-1: Identify key factors that are driving the demand for well-designed and well-executed programs of workplace learning.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Training and Development Activities: What Are They?

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

3. The ultimate goal of a training program is ______.

A. learning

B. transfer of training

C. behavior

D. performance

Learning Objective: 15-2: Explain what training and development activities are.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Additional Determinants of Effective Training

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

4. All of the following represent job/career attitudes that affect how someone will react to training EXCEPT ______.

A. career exploration

B. job involvement

C. organizational commitment

D. goal orientation

Learning Objective: 15-2: Explain what training and development activities are.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Additional Determinants of Effective Training

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

5. A well-executed training program should start begin with ______.

A. a needs assessment

B. the selection and design of the instructional program

C. the development of criteria

D. goal setting for the objectives of training

Learning Objective: 15-3: Illustrate the fundamental requirements of sound training practice.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fundamental Requirements of Sound Training Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

6. As part of your training evaluation, you set up a study to examine if the performance gains you got from the training program in sales at one location can be replicated in a different group of salespeople at another location. This is called ______.

A. training validity

B. transfer validity

C. intra-organizational validity

D. inter-organizational validity

Learning Objective: 15-3: Illustrate the fundamental requirements of sound training practice.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Fundamental Requirements of Sound Training Practice
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

7. Which of these is NOT a condition that must be present for training to be effective?

A. the individual must be capable of learning new material

B. the supervisors who exert influence on learner must support the development effort

C. the material needs to visually presented

D. the individual must be motivated to learn it

Learning Objective: 15-3: Illustrate the fundamental requirements of sound training practice.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interactions of Training and Development With Other Systems
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

8. Which of the following is TRUE about needs assessments of training programs?

A. Most training programs include a needs assessment.

B. Across multiple disciplines, it is considered an essential starting point.

C. There is lots of research regarding training needs assessments.

D. They should not include the employees to be trained in the process.

Learning Objective: 15-4: Assess training needs and specify training objectives.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Assessing Training Needs
Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

9. There are many types of training needs assessment. Which kind identifies the specific content of the training?

A. operations analysis

B. organization analysis

C. demographic analysis

D. person/individual analysis

Learning Objective: 15-4: Assess training needs and specify training objectives.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Assessing Training Needs
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

10. An HR manager goes through his workforce and asks what knowledge, skills, and abilities they feel they are the most deficient/in need of training in. This is MOST likely which type of needs assessment?

A. operations analysis

B. organization analysis

C. demographic analysis

D. individual analysis

Learning Objective: 15-4: Assess training needs and specify training objectives.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Assessing Training Needs
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

11. A ______ focuses explicitly on the mental aspects of performance.

A. traditional job analysis

B. program evaluation

C. cognitive task analysis

D. competency modeling

Learning Objective: 15-4: Assess training needs and specify training objectives.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Operations Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

12. An Individual Development Plan should include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. ideas about priorities of what should be learned

B. statements of aim for new knowledge, skills, and attitudes to be learned

C. definitions of areas of study and reflection

D. past experiences and education

Learning Objective: 15-4: Assess training needs and specify training objectives.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Individual Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

13. When developing training objectives, each objective should include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. the desired behavior

B. how the behavior will be trained

C. the conditions under which the behavior should occur

D. the standards by which the trainee’s behavior is to be judged

Learning Objective: 15-4: Assess training needs and specify training objectives.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Specifying Training Objectives
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

14. All of the following are important differences between smartphone and computer-based training EXCEPT ______.

A. trainees can access the training on their own time

B. learners no longer need to be tethered to a workstation

C. new assumption that learners can assimilate smaller chunks of information at different times and build a cohesive understanding

D. they are interacting with content through a much smaller visual frame

Learning Objective: 15-5: Describe features of the learning environment that facilitate learning and transfer.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Creating an Optimal Environment for Training and Learning
Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

15. A set of individuals who are working together toward a common goal is called a ______.

A. group

B. collective

C. department

D. team

Learning Objective: 15-6: Specify key elements of successful team training.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Team Training
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

16. In your training, you have employees get trained on the tasks that aren’t necessarily part of their job, but that their coworkers need to do to create a shared understanding among team members. This is called ______.

A. social reinforcement

B. cross-training

C. guided team self-correction

D. team-coordination training

Learning Objective: 15-6: Specify key elements of successful team training.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Team Training
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

17. Training objectives for team training should include those related to both ______ and ______ skills.

A. teamwork; taskwork

B. teamwork; career development

C. taskwork; career development

D. teamwork; interdependence

Learning Objective: 15-6: Specify key elements of successful team training.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Team Training
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

18. Which type of training activity has been shown to increase post-training self-efficacy, knowledge of facts, and retention?

A. in-basket task

B. lecture presentation

C. guided self-correction

D. simulation games

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Learning and Individual Differences
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

19. Which refers to a person’s ability to acquire the skills, knowledge, or behavior necessary to perform a job at a given level?

A. overlearning

B. transfer of training

C. trainability

D. conscientiousness

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Trainability and Individual Differences
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

20. All of the following are essential ingredients to skill learning EXCEPT ______.

A. feedback

B. goal setting

C. practice

D. overlearning

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Principles That Enhance Learning
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

21. Which of the following is an incorrect suggestion for goal-setting in training based on research and information presented in the reading?

A. make the objectives clear at the outset

B. make goals easier so that trainees can be sure to reach them

C. supplement the ultimate goal of finishing training with subgoals during training

D. provide information to performers on how to work on a task and the rationale behind the goal

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Goal Setting
Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

22. If the trainer expects the trainee to do well, and so they are more likely to do well in the training, this is an example of the ______.

A. halo effect

B. Galatea effect

C. contrast effect

D. Pygmalion effect

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Goal Setting
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

23. Which principle of behavioral modeling involves providing trainees with praise and constructive feedback to help their performance?

A. social reinforcement

B. transfer of training

C. role-playing

D. modeling

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behavior Modeling
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

24. The goal of a lot of training is not so much to reproduce simple behaviors from the training, but to develop ______ skills that translate to a lot of similar but distinct situations.

A. specific

B. contextual performance

C. generalizable

D. goal-setting

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Behavior Modeling
Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

25. Which of the following is NOT a suggestion to maximize meaningfulness for trainees?

A. Utilize lecture format to present the material to the trainees.

B. Present the material by using examples, terms, and concepts that are familiar to the trainees in order to clarify and reinforce key learning points.

C. Because complex intellectual skills are invariably made up of simpler ones, teach the simpler skills before the complex ones

D. Provide trainees with an overview of the material to be presented during the training.

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Meaningfulness of the Material

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

26. When CPR, trainees often do the behaviors numerous times until it is basically automatic. This is called ______.

A. role playing

B. overlearning

C. passive practice

D. social reinforcement

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Overlearning

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

27. Generally, the research suggests that distributed practice leads to ______ learning compared to massed practice.

A. worse

B. better

C. similar

D. error-free

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Length of the Practice Session

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

28. Feedback that stems directly from the task itself is considered ______.

A. intrinsic

B. extrinsic

C. qualitative

D. quantitative

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Feedback

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

29. Which of these is a true finding based on the research presented in this chapter?

A. More feedback is always better.

B. Immediate feedback may not be appropriate for all learners.

C. Performers rarely proactively seek out feedback.

D. To be accepted by performers, negative information should be presented before positive.

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Feedback

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

30. If an employee is affectively able to not only perform the behavior trained, but apply them back on their job, this is called ______.

A. transfer of training

B. goal setting

C. overlearning

D. meaningfulness

Learning Objective: 15-8: Integrate key elements that will maximize positive transfer of training to the job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transfer of Training

Difficulty Level: Easy

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

31. Which of the following is NOT true about transfer of training programs?

A. Trainers should maximize the similarity between training and work situation.

B. Provide trainees as much experience as possible with the tasks, concepts, or skills being taught so that they can deal with situations that do not fit textbook examples exactly.

C. In the context of team-based training, transfer is maximized when trainees are from very similar job functions and administrative backgrounds.

D. Organizations should ensure that what is learned in training is subsequently used and rewarded.

Learning Objective: 15-8: Integrate key elements that will maximize positive transfer of training to the job.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Transfer of Training

Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

32. Those most likely to profit from e-learning are ______ learners.

A. active

B. passive

C. remedial

D. agreeable

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Learning and Individual Differences
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

Short Answer

1. Explain how the use of teams effects the need for and type of training provided.

Learning Objective: 15-1: Identify key factors that are driving the demand for well-designed and well-executed programs of workplace learning.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Factors Driving the Increasing Demand for Workplace Training
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

2. What are the six steps in defining what is to be learned and what the content of training should be?

Learning Objective: 15-4: Assess training needs and specify training objectives.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Defining What Is to Be Learned
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

3. What does a demographic analysis entail?

Learning Objective: 15-4: Assess training needs and specify training objectives.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

4. What are the three steps of rapid prototyping?

Learning Objective: 15-4: Assess training needs and specify training objectives.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rapid Prototyping
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

5. What is Crew Resource Management and present one finding that supports its use?

Learning Objective: 15-6: Specify key elements of successful team training.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Team Training
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

6. Provide at least two examples of retention aids that might help to enhance behavior modeling.

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Behavior Modeling
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

7. Discuss how feedback affects group performance.

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Feedback

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

Essay

1. Discuss the four characteristics of effective training presented in the reading.

Learning Objective: 15-1: Identify key factors that are driving the demand for well-designed and well-executed programs of workplace learning.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Characteristics of Effective Training
Difficulty Level: Hard

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

2. Name and describe the seven features of the learning environment that facilitate learning and transfer.

Learning Objective: 15-5: Describe features of the learning environment that facilitate learning and transfer.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Creating an Optimal Environment for Training and Learning

Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations

3. Discuss at least three research findings about goal-setting that could be used to better incorporate it into training efforts.

Learning Objective: 15-7: Incorporate classic principles of learning into all training designs.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Goal Setting
Difficulty Level: Medium

AACSB: Systems and processes in organizations