China And The Emerging Economies Test Bank Docx Ch.14 Haslam

Chapter 14

China and the Emerging Economies

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What grouping of states best embodies the emerging economies in the twenty-first century?
   1. NICs
   2. EMNCs
   3. BRICS
   4. NAM
   5. OECD
2. What is a key difference between the Western and Chinese models of development?
   1. The Western model is rooted in its imperial past while the Chinese model is neo-colonial.
   2. The Western model is focused on economic development while the Chinese model is geopolitical.
   3. The Western model is tied to human rights while the Chinese model is tied to economic rights.
   4. The Western model is aligned with the UNDR while the Chinese model is based on self-interest.
   5. The Western model is both economic and ideological while the Chinese model is only economic.
3. Which of the following is explicitly stated in China’s 2011 White Paper on Foreign Aid?
   1. Mandatory review of political impact of all development projects
   2. China first policy
   3. Close alignment with best practices as described by the UNDP
   4. Ensuring no harm to at risk people
   5. Imposing no political conditions
4. Critics such as former Nigerian Central Bank Governor Lamido Sanusi view the relationship between China and African economies as which of the following?
   1. Win-lose
   2. One-sided
   3. Zero-sum
   4. Win-win
   5. Lose-lose
5. How did development under Chairman Mao differ from China’s development policy today?
   1. Contemporary policy is more equitable than under Chairman Mao.
   2. Chairman Mao put ideology first versus the contemporary focus on economics.
   3. Chairman Mao spent more time cultivating personal contacts than contemporary leaders.
   4. Contemporary policy is more in line with global norms than that of Chairman Mao.
   5. There is no significant change in policy.
6. Which of the following is a Chinese move to indicate displeasure at a lack of reform in the global economic/political order?
   1. The creation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
   2. Boycotting the G7 summits
   3. Creating the BRICS
   4. Increased funding for the military
   5. Decreased holding of Western currencies
7. Which of the following are constituent elements of China’s “One Belt, One Road” Initiative?
   1. Silk Road Economic Belt and Maritime Silk Road
   2. Maritime Silk Road and the Rice Belt
   3. Spoke and hub economic model
   4. Spoke and hub political model
   5. From Africa to China and back
8. Which of the following is a joint venture of the BRICS?
   1. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
   2. The Shanghai Cooperation Group
   3. New Development Bank
   4. The Non-Aligned Movement
   5. The G20
9. How did the US characterize the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank at its inception?
   1. A complementary body to the IFIs
   2. A threat to the global economic order
   3. A mistake by the Chinese state given their fiscal instability
   4. A good investment opportunity for Western states
   5. A soft-power tool of the Chinese state
10. Beyond development finance, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank signifies ____________.
    1. institutionalizing China’s financial power globally
    2. the first step towards financial transparency
    3. a move towards mainstreaming Chinese foreign policy
    4. a conciliatory gesture towards regional economies
    5. a multilateral approach to Chinese foreign policy
11. What role do BRICS members advocate for South–South cooperation?
    1. As an alternative to North–South cooperation
    2. As a parallel to North–North cooperation
    3. As a rallying point for states in the Global South
    4. As a supplement to North–South cooperation
    5. As a challenge to Western ideological hegemony
12. What is a key distinguishing feature that sets China apart from the other BRICS?
    1. Its size in terms of population compared to the other four states.
    2. Its claim to democratic credential is quite distinct from the other four states.
    3. Its decision-making structure is more transparent than the other four states.
    4. Its economic potential is greater than the other four states combined.
    5. It is more politically stable than the other four states.
13. At the second Belt and Road Forum in 2019, President Xi Jinping adopted policies that strengthened emphasis on _____________________.
    1. multilateralism in terms of consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits
    2. open, clean, green cooperation
    3. following the norms of international/participating countries and the ensuring fiscal sustainability
    4. All of the above
    5. None of the above
14. Where was the first BRICS Summit held?
    1. India
    2. Russia
    3. Brazil
    4. China
    5. South Africa
15. The primary function of the New Development Bank is to _______________.
    1. put Chinese foreign reserves into circulation
    2. create a vehicle for developing states to divest themselves of IFI interference
    3. open markets for the BRICS
    4. establish a standing body opposed to IFI investment
    5. invest in infrastructure in developing countries
16. Politically, what is a core tenet of the BRICS?
    1. Non-intervention in the domestic affairs of their partner states
    2. An insistence on domestic stability as a condition of partnerships
    3. A veto for each member in order to secure their respective national interests
    4. A pledge to defend each member from outside interference
    5. An agreement to remain neutral in third-party conflicts
17. How does IBSA differ from the BRICS?
    1. IBSA is a financial monitoring group within the BRICS.
    2. IBSA prioritizes democracy and includes India, Brazil, and South Africa.
    3. IBSA is a coordinating mechanism for the New Development Bank.
    4. IBSA requires political conditionalities for development projects.
    5. IBSA works with the IFIs whereas the BRICS are opposed to the IFIs.
18. What is the relationship between the SDGs and the emerging economies, particularly the BRICS?
    1. Symbiotic
    2. Unclear given the lack of concrete positioning by the emerging economies
    3. The BRICS represent a clear challenge to the Western domination represented by the SDGs
    4. The SDGs are a via medium that provides a means of cooperation
    5. The SDGs and BRICS are fundamentally incompatible
19. How has China supported other countries during the COVID-19 emergency?
    1. By aggressive vaccination campaigns
    2. By sending personal protective equipment
    3. By closing its borders on time
    4. By sending experts epidemiologists
    5. It has not sent any support
20. Has China suspended debt payments to other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic?
    1. No
    2. Only to 25 countries
    3. Only to countries in Asia
    4. Yes, mainly to developing countries
    5. Yes, but they did not do so until 2021
21. How was Chinese aid during COVID-19 pandemic received?
    1. Readily by all countries
    2. It was denied by most countries
    3. It was accepted by most countries
    4. It was appreciated by not often accepted
    5. With criticism
22. How did the Chinese government respond to the international criticism against its international aid response during COVID-19?
    1. With military interventions
    2. With more aid
    3. With rejection
    4. With frustration
    5. With shame
23. To what extent is cooperation among BRICS growing?
    1. From openness to distrust
    2. From bilateralism to multilateralism
    3. From multilateralism to bilateralism
    4. From socialism to capitalism
    5. From local to regional
24. How are BRICS responding to the increased importance of international development?
    1. By restructuring their international development bureaucracies collectively
    2. With more bilateralism
    3. By restructuring their international development agencies
    4. By restructuring their international development bureaucracies individually
    5. By restructuring their international development bureaucracies through multilateralism
25. How have BRICS contributed to international development?
    1. By providing much-needed investment
    2. By providing much-needed bureaucracies
    3. By competing against developing countries
    4. By including only developed countries
    5. By adopting World Bank policies
26. How does the impact of BRICS countries compare to that of developed economies?
    1. BRICS’s impact is bigger than developed economies
    2. BRICS’s impact is limited to social issues
    3. BRICS’s impact is small but catching up to developed economies
    4. BRICS’s impact is small and not growing
    5. BRICS’s impact is bigger than developed economies but decreasing
27. How is the principle of non-interference problematic?
    1. It is not controversial at all
    2. It creates conditionality for assistance
    3. It is incompatible with international assistance
    4. It is the major obstacle among BRICS members
    5. It is controversial, especially with regards to claims of human rights violations
28. What is the non-intervention principle?
    1. An intervention in the domestic affairs of partners
    2. A principle that has been left out among BRICS members
    3. A principle of non-intervention in the domestic affairs among BRICS partners
    4. A condition for not intervening in China’s domestic affairs
    5. A principle of non-intervention in the domestic affairs among BRICS and other developing countries that are their partners

1. What is one of the main characteristics of the New Development Bank?
   1. Bilateralism
   2. Multilateralism operated by BRICS members
   3. Multilateralism operated by the World Bank
   4. Multilateralism operated by developing countries that are partners of BRICS
   5. None of the above
2. Where is the headquarter of the New Development Bank?
   1. In China
   2. In South Africa
   3. In Peru
   4. In Russia
   5. In Mexico

True or False Questions

There is consensus on the role and significance of emerging economies.

Critics argue China’s core interest is in accessing raw materials and exporting its labour and goods.

China published its first White Paper on Foreign Aid in 1991.

China’s current foreign and aid policy is sharply disconnected from its past.

China’s foreign aid policy is a unified structure within the State Council.

The legitimacy of the Chinese state is dependent on ideological rigidity.

The Silk Road Economic Belt links China through to Africa along the historical Silk Road.

The Maritime Silk Road (MSR) is meant to complement the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB).

Though built upon the structure of existing multilateral development banks, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank provides mechanisms to allow a greater voice for regional and smaller members.

The US argues that the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a soft-power tool of China.

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) accounts for 63 per cent of global GDP.

The BRICS are united by a shared geography, history, culture, and value system.

Of the BRICS, only China and India have increased development assistance despite slowing growth.

The BRICS members state that the New Development Bank (NDB) is not intended to challenge or replace the IMF and the World Bank, though some observers see the NDB and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement as institutions that challenge these Western-dominated institutions.

Voting rights in the New Development Bank are commensurate with capital investments.

The BRICS believe that the term “foreign aid” has connotations of an unequal relationship.

To date, the BRICS’s role in development is on par with developed economies.

The presence of the emerging economies is seen as integral to the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Key initiatives by South Korea are the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).

The key initiatives of the Chinese government in terms of the BRI and the AIIB are not only economic and financial but also political.

AIIB is China’s most important and ambitious initiative.

BRI is made up of both maritime and terrestrial infrastructure projects.

By early 2020, 143 countries had signed up to the BRI, but Italy became the first G7 power to block it up.

The Hambanota port has been profitable, despite feasibility studies that argued it would be unprofitable.

Sri Lanka has become increasingly financially dependent on China due to the Hambanota port development project.

Countries such as Pakistan, Malaysia, Bangladesh, and Maldives had sought to renegotiate, cancel, or scale-down BRI projects.

The AIIB builds upon the structure of existing multilateral development banks.

The open, transparent, and merit-based selection of the president and vice president of the AIIB provides new legal standards for multilateral development banks.

The AIIB provides mechanisms to prevent a greater voice for regional and smaller members.

The US has supported the creation of AIIB from the beginning.

Short Answer Questions

1. At the broadest level, what are the pros and cons to China as a development actor?
2. What is meant by “foreign aid with Chinese characteristics”?
3. Describe the methods China uses to build relationships with developing nations, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa.
4. How has China’s role as a development actor been altered by the COVID-19 pandemic?
5. What are some critiques of China’s role as a development actor?
6. How has China’s understanding of “development” differed from many Western countries?
7. How has Chinese development changed over time?
8. What is China’s “One Belt, One Road” initiative?
9. Why is the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank controversial?
10. Define and describe triangular development cooperation.
11. Define and describe the BRICS.
12. What are the important differences between the BRICS members?
13. What is the New Development Bank?
14. How do the BRICS want to change the paradigm of development itself?
15. How do the BRICS, as development actors, collectively contribute something new to the field?
16. What do the BRICS want in regard to the International Financial Institutions?
17. How has history influenced the form and function of the BRICS development aid?
18. Give examples of how multilateralism is growing among BRICS.
19. What is the importance of the principle of non-intervention among BRICS and how is it controversial?
20. How do BRICS differ from traditional donors of foreign aid?
21. What are the cooperation areas of the Strategy for BRICS Economic Partnership was agreed at the 2015 Ufa summit?
22. What is the CRA and why is it not connected to the IMF?

Essay Questions

1. How are emerging economies changing the nature of international development?
2. What specific institutional challenges have emerging economies mounted against the Western-dominated IFIs?
3. Explain the concept and importance of foreign aid with Chinese characteristics mean.
4. Explain the origin and function of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
5. Explain the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative as part of China’s international strategy.