Chapter.9 Water In Plants Exam Questions nan

Stern's Introductory Plant Biology, 14e (Bidlack)

Chapter 9 Water in Plants

1) Pressure that develops within a living cell as a result of water entering the cell is called

A) turgor.

B) osmosis.

C) plasmolysis.

D) transpiration.

E) water potential.

2) Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion in which water molecules

A) move across a selectively permeable membrane.

B) move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

C) exhibit random kinetic motion.

D) move through suberin.

E) Both move across a selectively permeable membrane and move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration are correct.

3) If the concentration of solutes outside the plant cell is greater than the concentration on the inside, water will

A) move into the cell.

B) move in both directions equally.

C) move against a concentration gradient.

D) move out of the cell.

E) None of these answers are correct.

4) Pressure sufficient to prevent the rise of fluid in an osmometer tube, when applied to the top of the tube, is called

A) pressure diffusion.

B) turgor pressure.

C) osmotic pressure.

D) pressure potential.

E) water potential.

5) The pressure required to prevent osmosis from taking place is referred to as:

A) water potential

B) osmotic potential

C) pressure potential

D) turgor pressure

E) None of these answers are correct.

6) When a solute is dissolved in water, the ________ of the water is lowered.

A)  osmotic pressure.

B) pressure potential

C) turgor pressure

D) osmotic potential

E) gravity potential

7) Water potential is calculated by ________.

A) subtracting turgor pressure from osmotic potential

B) calculating the rate of diffusion of water molecules in dry soil

C) combining osmotic potential and pressure potential of a plant cell

D) determining the rate of plasmolysis

E) None of these answers are correct.

8) The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is

A) osmosis.

B) movement against the concentration gradient.

C) Brownian motion.

D) diffusion.

E) only common in gases such as oxygen.

9) Molecules that, due to their symmetry, have slightly different electric charges at each end are said to be

A) polar.

B) colloidal.

C) unbalanced.

D) electrocharged.

E) covalent.

10) Which of the following plays a role in plasmolysis?

A) water potential.

B) vacuole.

C) plasma membrane.

D) protoplasm.

E) All of these answers are correct.

11) When an entire plant wilts, it is due to ________.

A) the lack of mineral nutrients

B) the decrease in salt concentration

C) the loss of turgor pressure in leaf and stem cells similar to that of plasmolysis

D) excessive turgor pressure

E) a decrease in cellulose and lignin strengthening cell walls

12) When starch and cellulose molecules are exposed to water, they develop electrical charges and form ________.

A) ionic bonds with water

B) an electric current

C) covalent bonds with water

D) static electricity charges

E) hydrogen bonds with water

13) ________ occurs when water forms hydrogen bonds with large organic molecules such as cellulose in living or dead tissues.

A) Imbibition

B) Turgor pressure

C) Plasmolysis

D) Active transport

E) Guttation

14) Imbibition is responsible for ________.

A) plants wilting on sunny days

B) breaking open the seed coat of germinating seeds

C) osmosis

D) turgor pressure in cells

E) expansion of the vacuole inside the living cell

15) Active transport in plants apparently involves an enzyme complex that forms a/an ________.

A) channel through the cell membrane

B) passive transport system

C) energy-free transport system

D) proton pump

E) sodium/potassium pump

16) Substances are absorbed and retained against a concentration gradient, through the expenditure of energy, by ________.

A) active transport

B) passive transport

C) imbibition

D) osmosis

E) None of these answers are correct.

17) Most of the water that enters a plant via the roots leaves the same plant by the process of

A) guttation.

B) plasmolysis.

C) osmosis.

D) root pressure.

E) transpiration.

18) Which of the following is NOT involved in guard cell regulation of stomata opening?

A) photosynthesis

B) active transport

C) osmosis

D) imbibition

E) accumulation of potassium ions

19) Liquid water is forced out of the leaf when leaf pores are closed at night in a process called

A) transpiration.

B) translocation.

C) evaporation.

D) guttation.

E) diffusion.

20) The cohesion of water molecules and their adhesion to the walls of narrow tubes that results in water rising in the tubes is called

A) imbibition.

B) capillarity.

C) active transport.

D) guttation.

E) transpiration pull.

21) Changes in solute ion concentrations that are involved in the opening and closing of stomata pertain primarily to which of the following?

A) cobalt

B) calcium

C) magnesium

D) potassium

E) iron

22) Hydathodes are involved directly in which of the following?

A) transpiration

B) imbibition

C) plasmolysis

D) respiration

E) guttation

23) The early scientist who suggested that cells surrounding xylem vessels perform a pumping action that propels water through a plant was

A) Nehemiah Grew.

B) J. B. van Helmont.

C) Frits Went.

D) Joshua Doolittle.

E) Hans Krebs.

24) The rise of water in plants is presently most satisfactorily explained by

A) the pressure-flow hypothesis.

B) active transport.

C) imbibition.

D) bulk flow.

E) the cohesion-tension theory.

25) When humidity is high

A) transpiration rates increase.

B) transpiration rates decrease.

C) transpiration ceases altogether.

D) leaves absorb moisture from the air.

E) stomata open wider.

26) Plants that have their stomata elevated above the surface include

A) a few tropical plants.

B) pines.

C) cacti.

D) water lilies.

E) most grasses.

27) In which of the following situations will the rate of transpiration increase, assuming that no other variable changes?

A) an increase in the relative humidity

B) the plant is under water stress

C) the sun has just gone below the horizon (dusk)

D) the stomata are recessed below the surface of the leaf (stomatal crypts)

E) the air temperature increases

28) Approximately how much water typically leaves the plant by transpiration?

A) 90% or more

B) 25% or less

C) 75%

D) 65%

E) 50%

29) At present the most widely accepted theory for movement of sugars in the phloem is called the

A) pressure-flow hypothesis.

B) cohesion-tension-transpiration theory.

C) translocation theory.

D) water-potential theory.

E) imbibition-guttation hypothesis.

30) An area within a plant where food is utilized is called a

A) food-storage region.

B) translocation region.

C) sink.

D) sub-stomatal chamber.

E) tension column.

31) Many studies leading to our present knowledge of translocation of food in plants utilized radioactive tracers and

A) cane sugar (sucrose).

B) aphids.

C) osmometers.

D) fungi.

E) algae.

32) Organic molecules produced in photosynthesis are mainly transported in the form of ________.

A) glucose

B) starch

C) carbon dioxide

D) cellulose

E) sucrose

33) The direction of movement of food molecules in plants is ________.

A) only from the top of the plant to the root system

B) from the roots to the shoot system

C) from sink to source

D) from source to sink

E) None of these answers are correct.

34) The process of  loading and transport of food through the phloem tissue involves which of the following factors?

A) osmosis

B) active transport

C) mass flow

D) differences in water potential

E) All of these are involved in phloem transport.

35) Plants obtain most of their mineral nutrients ________.

A) from minerals dissolved in water entering the root system

B) from dust in the air

C) when they enter the plant through the stomata in the leaves

D) from fertilizer

E) as a solid

36) Which is an essential trace element in plants?

A) iron

B) phosphorus

C) copper

D) sulfur

E) nitrogen

37) All essential macro- and microelements exist as part of organic molecules in the plant except

A) potassium.

B) phosphorus.

C) nitrogen.

D) hydrogen.

E) carbon.

38) Which of the following is an essential micronutrient?

A) magnesium

B) sulphur

C) calcium

D) phosphorus

E) manganese

39) Relatively uniform loss of color in leaves, occurring first on the older ones, is usually a sign of deficiency of which of the following?

A) potassium

B) iron

C) nitrogen

D) magnesium

E) boron

40) Which of the following is NOT one of the nutrients that constitute about 99% of the nutrient total used by plants?

A) nitrogen

B) potassium

C) phosphorus

D) sodium

E) calcium

41) Hydroponically grown tomatoes are those that are grown in

A) lakes and streams in arid regions.

B) soil that is watered daily with distilled water.

C) a nutrient solution containing all the essential elements.

D) soil that is watered daily with a macronutrient solution.

E) soil watered with only micronutrients.

42) Active transport is the reverse of transpiration.

43) A state of equilibrium is reached when molecules are evenly distributed in the space available to them.

44) Osmotic potential is the amount of pressure needed to make water rise in a narrow tube.

45) The primary force that enables water to move to the top of very tall trees is root pressure.

46) Guttation involves loss of water in liquid form from a leaf.

47) A hydathode is normally located at the tips of a leaf vein.

48) More than 90% of the water entering most plants passes on through the plant.

49) Water and solute molecules never have to enter a cell because they can travel from the epidermis to the root xylem by moving through the cell walls and spaces between cell walls

50) Most plants have their stomata closed during the day and open at night.

51) During plasmolysis water leaves a cell's central vacuole.

52) A differentially permeable membrane is one that permits anything up to the size of large molecules to pass through.

53) If plasmolyzed cells are placed in fresh water before permanent damage is done, they can become turgid once more.

54) Tension in the leaf xylem is due to the adhesive and cohesive properties of water as well as transpiration.

55) Some sort of physiological pump is believed to be involved in active transport.

56) All water that passes through a plant leaves the plant via stomata.

57) The force created by imbibition of water by wooden structures can be used to split stones.