Chapter 9: What Works: Prevention

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is NOT a question that a community assessment should answer?

A. What is the immigrant status of gang members?

B. Who is involved in gang activity?

C. What is the history of gang activity?

D. What crimes do gang members commit?

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Community Assessments

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. It is implied that the primary purpose of a “Community Resource Inventory” is to ______.

A. identify a community’s specific risk factors

B. collect data on a community’s specific risk factors

C. prevent overlap with already existing programs

D. identify prosocial resources

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Community AssessmentsDifficulty Level: Hard

3. A ______ implies a twofold process that includes identifying strengths and weaknesses of current programs and developing prevention and intervention programs to fill in the gaps of extant services.

A. community resource inventory

B. community assessment

C. strategic plan

D. blueprint

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Community AssessmentsDifficulty Level: Medium

4. Which of the following does the term “starter gang” intentionally imply?

A. Prevention work needs to focus at least in part on newly formed gangs and delinquent youth.

B. Prevention work is useless since gang activity has already started.

C. Punitive law enforcement policies should begin at this stage.

D. Gang recruiters should always be the center of intervention efforts.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: School-Based Gang ActivityDifficulty Level: Hard

5. Which of the following strategies would an effort to arrest the most active and violent gang members in a community reflect in practice?

A. primary prevention

B. secondary prevention

C. intervention

D. suppression

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Risk-Focused, Data-Driven, and Research-Based Gang PreventionDifficulty Level: Medium

6. According to Wiebe et al. (1999), when would arrest incidence for gang-related violence be expected to be the HIGHEST?

A. 2:20 p.m. on August 3rd (a Saturday)

B. 8:45 p.m. on August 3rd (a Saturday)

C. 2:20 p.m. on May 20th (a Tuesday and a school day)

D. 8:45 p.m. on May 20th (a Tuesday and a school day)

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: School-Based Gang ActivityDifficulty Level: Medium

7. Which of the following is NOT an example of a “negative change in behavior” that the National Gang Center found to influence the chance that an individual would join a gang?

A. missing their 11 p.m. curfew

B. improved academic performance

C. starting to call the police “pigs” and other insulting names

D. refusing to go to basketball practice

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prevention OpportunitiesDifficulty Level: Medium

8. Gottfredson and Gottfredson’s (2001) study revealed that principals of schools containing the highest rates of gang participation were generally ______ this pattern.

A. aware of

B. unaware of

C. in denial of

D. repulsed by

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Concluding ObservationsDifficulty Level: Medium

9. Recent research suggests that bullying prevention and intervention programs should be ______.

A. racially neutral

B. gender-neutral

C. gender specific

D. racially specific

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prevention OpportunitiesDifficulty Level: Medium

10. Around what ages are critical for prevention and intervention in gang involvement?

A. early years--ages 3–6

B. middle years--ages 6–12

C. adolescence--ages 15–18

D. early adulthood--ages 18–22

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Risk-Focused, Data-Driven, and Research-Based Gang PreventionDifficulty Level: Medium

11. Why are schools a sensible location for gang prevention programs?

A. Principals and staff are aware of the extent of their school’s gang problem.

B. Students wear gang colors and display symbols during school.

C. Risk levels can be readily assessed using widely accepted survey methods.

D. Students are likely to reveal gang involvement and affiliations to their teachers.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prevention OpportunitiesDifficulty Level: Hard

12. Which of the following gang intervention levels is the MOST inclusive in terms of who it targets?

A. primary prevention

B. secondary prevention

C. intervention

D. suppression

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Community AssessmentsDifficulty Level: Hard

13. All of the following are examples of “primary prevention” programs EXCEPT ______.

A. an intensive rehabilitation program for teenagers who have been arrested for drug offenses

B. a billboard warning against the dangers of joining a gang

C. a community-wide trash pickup day

D. a charter preschool for disadvantaged children that includes programming for siblings and parents

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Community AssessmentsDifficulty Level: Medium

14. Which of the following program components of “Project BUILD” explicitly connects adults in the neighborhood to gang-involved youth?

A. Prevention Program

B. Intervention Program

C. Community Resource Development Program

D. Rehabilitation Program

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Level 3. Programs for High-Risk YouthsDifficulty Level: Medium

15. For very early prevention with high-risk youth, ______ is the most effective approach.

A. home visiting alone

B. home visiting and parent training

C. home visiting and youth counseling

D. youth counseling alone

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Level 3. Programs for High Risk YouthsDifficulty Level: Easy

16. Evaluation studies on programs for high-risk youth find ______ parent’s skills and children’s problem behaviors.

A. an unknown relationship between

B. a null effect on

C. a positive effect between

D. a negative effect between

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Level 3. Programs for High-Risk YouthsDifficulty Level: Hard

17. Which of the following is considered the leading evidence-based program for aggressive children at risk of becoming serious and violent offenders?

A. Georgia Clayton County Model

B. SNAP Model

C. LifeSkills Training

D. SAFE Children Program

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child Exposure to Violence and Community SafetyDifficulty Level: Easy

18. Which of the following interventions can be initiated by a religious leader?

A. SNAP Model

B. LifeSkills Training

C. Block Therapy

D. Project BUILD

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Exposure to Violence and Community SafetyDifficulty Level: Medium

Multiple Response

1. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following levels of gang intervention most aligns with social control arguments made by theoretical proponents of social disorganization theory?

A. primary prevention

B. secondary prevention

C. intervention

D. suppression

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Community AssessmentsDifficulty Level: Hard

2. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Evidence-based programs and strategies for preventing gang involvement are important because ______.

A. there are generally no early warning signs of gang formation

B. juvenile delinquency typically comes before gang involvement

C. programs targeting delinquency and gang prevention can work on a continuum in at-risk communities

D. they can provide distinctions between bullying and gang activity

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: IntroductionDifficulty Level: Hard

3. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following may be a product of bullying?

A. gang membership

B. serious delinquent behaviors

C. school dropout

D. aggression

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: School-Based Gang ActivityDifficulty Level: Medium

4. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are conditions that set the foundation for students feeling safe and secure in their educational environment?

A. the total school population

B. geographic proximity to their home address

C. an orderly, predictable environment

D. feeling connected to school staff and teachers

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Level 4. Programs for All Youths and Families and Other Community MembersDifficulty Level: Medium

5. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Protective factors against gang involvement have which of the following functions?

A. removing individuals from school environments

B. insulating individuals from risk

C. reducing the negative effects of risk

D. isolating the individual from his/her context

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: A Framework for Prevention and Early InterventionDifficulty Level: Medium

6. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following is true about the effectiveness of the SNAP model?

A. It has no effect on delinquency.

B. It lowers delinquency, aggression, and bullying in the short term.

C. It is only effective for males.

D. Its effects are likely beneficial in the long-term.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Child Exposure to Violence and Community SafetyDifficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Every community that conducts a community assessment of their gang problem should use a standard definition for “gangs.”

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Community AssessmentsDifficulty Level: Hard

2. Proximal settings--including the family and school--are the most influential to development in the early and middle childhood years.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Risk-Focused, Data-Driven, and Research-Based Gang PreventionDifficulty Level: Medium

3. Bullying is unrelated to any sort of gang involvement.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prevention OpportunitiesDifficulty Level: Medium

4. School-based anti-bullying programs have been shown to be completely ineffective.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: School-Based Gang ActivityDifficulty Level: Medium

5. There is no noticeable difference in the peak time of gang activity between school days and non-school days.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: School-Based Gang ActivityDifficulty Level: Medium

6. Bullying usually transpires BEFORE violent or aggressive behavior.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: School-Based Gang ActivityDifficulty Level: Medium

7. Children who suffer from toxic stress are at a heightened risk of gang involvement.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Building a Continuum of Effective Delinquency Prevention and Early Intervention ProgramsDifficulty Level: Easy

8. Compared with other kinds of “primary prevention” programming, the Perry Preschool is more centered on fostering positive relationships between students and school staff.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Level 4. Programs for All Youths and Families and Other Community MembersDifficulty Level: Hard

9. The percentage of youth who returned to detention within a year of completing “Project BUILD” was about half the percentage of those who did not participate in the program.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Level 3. Programs for High-Risk YouthsDifficulty Level: Medium

10. School staff and administrators typically have an accurate perception of gang problems within their schools.

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Concluding ObservationsDifficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Why might children who experience “toxic” stress be more likely to join a gang?

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Building a Continuum of Effective Delinquency Prevention and Early Intervention ProgramsDifficulty Level: Medium

2. Why are traditional school security measures such as security guards and metal detectors not effective, in and of themselves, for addressing gang and other related problems in schools?

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Level 4. Programs for All Youths and Families and Other Community MembersDifficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. How are gangs present in schools? Why are schools a good venue for gang prevention programs?

Learning Objective: N/A

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prevention OpportunitiesDifficulty Level: Hard