Chapter.8 Aggression Test Bank 1st Edition

CHATPER 8 TEST BANK

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following acts can be defined as aggressive?
   1. Throwing a tennis racquet at the ground in anger
   2. Yelling at an official after a controversial call
   3. Pulling on the jersey of an opposing player
   4. A pitcher purposefully throwing a baseball at a hitter
2. Which of the following is an act of verbal aggression?
   1. All of the above
   2. Taunting
   3. Swearing
   4. "Trash talk"
3. What is the difference between hostile and instrumental aggression?
   1. Hostile aggression has the motivation to harm, whereas instrumental aggression has the motivation to harm in order to obtain something of value
   2. Hostile aggression includes very severe acts that result in physical injury (biting, punching), whereas instrumental aggression includes more minor, non-injurious acts (hair pulling, taunting)
   3. Hostile aggression involves a confrontation, whereas instrumental aggression includes acts from an unknown origin
   4. Hostile aggression only takes place during games, instrumental aggression only takes place during practice
4. A player that shoves another player during a timeout is engaging in:
   1. Hostile aggression
   2. instrumental aggression
   3. frustration aggression
   4. Assertiveness
5. A player that illegally tackles another player before she can score a goal is engaging in:
   1. instrumental aggression
   2. Hostile aggression
   3. frustration aggression
   4. Assertiveness
6. Which of the following is an assertive, not an aggressive act?
   1. Unintentionally colliding with an opposing player while trying to get to a soccer ball
   2. Swearing at your tennis partner after they miss an easy serve
   3. Fans getting into a fight in the parking lot after watching a football game
   4. A basketball player tripping a defender while attempting to make a lay-up
7. Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?
   1. A lacrosse player illegally holds another player to prevent them from intercepting a pass.
   2. A boxer punches harder at the beginning of a round than at the end of a round.
   3. Fans taunt the mascot of the opposing team
   4. Fans get into a fight with other fans after a sporting event
8. Which of the following is an example of hostile aggression?
   1. Swearing at your tennis partner after they miss an easy serve
   2. A lacrosse player illegally holds another player to prevent them from intercepting a pass.
   3. Unintentionally colliding with an opposing player while trying to get to a soccer ball
   4. A basketball player tripping a defender while attempting to make a lay-up
9. Which of the following best describes the rioting of fans AFTER a game has already been lost?
   1. Sports violence
   2. Physical aggression
   3. Instrumental aggression
   4. Assertiveness
10. Researchers studied the effect of a win or a loss by a favorite team on men's testosterone levels. What were their findings?
    1. A man watching his team win a game will have increased testosterone levels, whereas a man watching his team lose will have decreased testosterone levels.
    2. A man watching his team win a game will have decreased testosterone levels, whereas a man watching his team lose will have increased testosterone levels.
    3. A man watching his team win a game will have increased testosterone levels, whereas a man watching his team lose will show no difference in his testosterone levels.
    4. A man watching his team win a game will have no difference in his testosterone levels, whereas a man watching his team lose will have decreased testosterone levels.
11. Which of the following is NOT used by researchers to study aggression in athletes?
    1. All of the above are acceptable ways to study aggression
    2. Questionnaires
    3. Meta-analysis of archival data
    4. Observational data
12. A drawback of the Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale is that it relies on:
    1. Self-report
    2. Hand-coded behaviors
    3. Archival data
    4. Expensive equipment (EEG, MRI)
13. Compared to less aggressive NBA players, Teuhel et al. found that more aggressive NBA players:
    1. Played more minutes
    2. Generated fewer fouls
    3. Were ranked lower by their coach
    4. Scored more points
14. Within the NHL, Sheldon and Aimar found that increased aggressive behaviors was predictive of:
    1. better performance
    2. worse performance
    3. more penalty minutes
    4. fewer penalty minutes
15. Which observation supports the instinct theory of aggression?
    1. "Triumphant" gestures are displayed by athletes in all cultures
    2. Children show aggressive behavior towards a blow-up doll after watching adults display aggression towards the doll
    3. Spectators watching a wrestling match show higher levels of aggression than those watching swimming races
    4. Sports broadcasters make hockey games seem more violent than they are.
16. The idea that aggression builds to a point before being released (catharsis) is part of which theory of aggression?
    1. Instinct Theory
    2. Frustration-aggression theory
    3. General aggression model
    4. Social learning theory
17. The fact that aggressive acts may actually increase aggression rather than decrease aggression refutes the idea of:
    1. Catharsis
    2. Bracketed morality
    3. Displacement
    4. Reinforcement
18. Social learning theory would propose that if a child watches NHL players fighting during hockey games, that child will:
    1. Learn that fighting is just part of hockey, and possibly imitate the fighting while playing hockey
    2. Have an increase in testosterone levels
    3. Learn the moral reasoning skills to avoid fighting in the future
    4. Engage in frustration-aggression
19. Which of the following supports the social learning theory of aggression?
    1. Levels of aggression in a particular sport varies across cultures
    2. Even blind athletes may display "triumphant" gestures after a victory
    3. Frustrated athletes are more likely to display aggressive behaviors
    4. Athletes with higher levels of moral reasoning are less likely to engage in aggressive behavior
20. Bracketed morality addresses the need for athletes to _________ normal ethical guidelines in order to engage in _________.
    1. Suspend; aggression
    2. Uphold; fair play
    3. Uphold; aggression
    4. Suspend; fair play
21. The general aggression model suggests that aggressive behavior can be related to individual differences and _____
    1. situational factors
    2. genetics
    3. personality
    4. instincts
22. Which theory of aggression considers aggressive behavior to result from a combination of situational and individual factors?
    1. General aggression model
    2. Moral Reasoning theory
    3. Frustration-aggression theory
    4. Social learning theory
23. According to the general aggression model, a player acts aggressively because of situational factors and _____
    1. their own personality
    2. others aggressive behavior
    3. the external temperature
    4. None of the above
24. Aggression is considered more legitimate in ______ sports than in non-contact sports.
    1. Collision
    2. Contact
    3. Water
    4. individual
25. Caldwell and Burger found that, for NHL teams, wearing black uniforms led to _____ in aggressive behavior as compared to wearing red uniforms.
    1. no change
    2. a decrease
    3. small increase
    4. a large increase
26. The most common way to try and reduce unwanted aggression in sports is:
    1. punishment
    2. psychological skills training
    3. morality training
    4. reinforcement
27. Reducing violence in sports will likely require levying punishments for the aggressive behavior of:
    1. All of the above
    2. Fans
    3. Coaches
    4. players
28. Which group likely would be the most effective at modeling pro-social behavior for a youth baseball team?
    1. Coaches
    2. Fans
    3. Younger players
    4. Umpires
29. Training children in ______ has been shown to increase moral reasoning skills.
    1. Sportsmanship
    2. frustration-aggression theory
    3. catharsis
    4. displacement
30. Removing alcohol from sporting events may not be effective at reducing aggression because:
    1. Fans can still access alcohol outside of the stadium
    2. Most sporting events already prohibit alcohol
    3. No psychologists have supported such a prohibition
    4. Alcohol has never been linked with aggressive behavior

True/False

1. All aggressive acts are physical acts.
2. Fans who highly identify with their favorite team are more likely to engage in aggressive acts than fans who do not highly identify with their favorite team.
3. Fans experience higher levels of anger and aggression when their favorite team loses if they blame the outcome on a referee.
4. There is little evidence to support the assertion that aggressive behavior does in fact often lead to better outcomes.
5. Coaches can reward and encourage aggressive behavior by giving aggressive athletes more playing time.
6. The general aggression model suggests that even a calm individual will behave aggressively in many situations.
7. According to the Bushamn and Wells study of high school hockey players, responses to personality questionnaires about aggression are unrelated to actual penalties during a game.
8. Athletes that have more task-oriented goals tend to be less aggressive than athletes with ego-oriented goals.
9. Within a given sport, being a member of a particular team affects the likelihood of committing aggressive acts.
10. Within a given sport, female athletes tend to be more aggressive than male athletes.
11. Within the NHL, winning teams tend to commit more penalties than losing teams.
12. An analysis of penalty data in the NHL before and after a severe penalty for aggressive behavior showed that punishing aggressive behavior has no effect on extreme forms of aggression
13. The International Society of Sport Psychology does not recommend banning alcohol from all sporting events.
14. Research suggests that teaching children good sportsmanship can increase moral reasoning skills.
15. A study of banning alcohol in certain soccer stadiums showed that such a ban failed to reduced fan drunkenness.

Critical Thinking

1. Describe possible explanations for Luis Suarez's bite of Giorgio Chellini according to three different theories of aggression.
2. What effect might wearing a black uniform have on the team wearing the uniform? How would test this experimentally?
3. Why does banning alcohol not have a larger effect on reducing sports-related violence?
4. How might the media, especially television, contribute to the prevalence of aggressive behavior in sports?
5. Can sportsmanship be taught to children? What about to professional athletes?