Chapter 45
Orientation to the Lab
Multiple Choice Questions
1. | Which of the following is an advantage of completing laboratory tests in the physician's office laboratory?
A. | The POL has extended technological resources. |
B. | Patients must travel to another location for the test. |
C. | Turnaround time is faster for finding out results. |
D. | The office staff must take the time to perform the tests. |
E. | A wider range of tests can be performed. |
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2. | Which of the following routine tests are most often performed at the physician’s office laboratory (POL)?
A. | Chemistry and hematology |
B. | Cytology and histology |
C. | Serology and immunology |
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3. | Which laboratory test uses samples of whole blood to identify problems with the count, size, or shape of blood cells that could indicate disease?
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4. | Which laboratory tests examine blood, urine, sputum, reproductive fluids, and fluids from wounds to identify the presence of pathogenic organisms?
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5. | Sterilization, or eradication of all organisms on the surface of instruments and equipment before they can be used on patients or in a procedure, is performed by a(n) ____.
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6. | A device for spinning a specimen at high speed until it separates into its component parts is a ____.
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7. | Which of the following uses light, concentrated through a condenser and focused through the object being examined, to project an image?
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8. | What is the name for the eyepiece of the optical microscope through which an image is viewed?
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9. | Which part of an optical microscope contains a magnifying lens?
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10. | The optical microscopes used in physicians' office laboratories usually have ____ objectives.
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11. | Which of the following is designed to be lowered into a drop of immersion oil placed directly above the prepared specimen under examination?
D. | Oil-immersion objective |
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12. | Which of the following is characteristic of an oil-immersion objective?
A. | There is an air space between the specimen under examination and the objective. |
B. | It is used for specimens that need very high magnification. |
C. | It has a low-power lens with a magnification factor of 10x. |
D. | Condensed light passes through the specimen and the air space above the specimen. |
E. | Combined with the lens in the ocular, it has a total magnification factor of 500x. |
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13. | Where are the focus controls on a microscope located?
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14. | Which of the following is the function of the focus controls?
A. | They decrease the amount of light illuminating the specimen. |
B. | They bring the objects being examined into clear view. |
C. | They concentrate the light being directed through the sample. |
D. | They move the specimen to the left or right to be viewed. |
E. | They select the proper objective for viewing a given specimen. |
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15. | Which part of an optical microscope is the platform on which the specimen slide rests?
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16. | The part of the optical microscope that concentrates the light being directed through the sample is the ____.
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17. | The iris of the optical microscope is ____.
A. | the platform that holds the specimen slide |
B. | the controls that bring the objective being examined into focus |
C. | the eyepiece through which you view an image |
D. | a diaphragm that opens and closes to change the amount of light illuminating the specimen |
E. | the mechanism that controls left-right and forward-backward movement of the stage |
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18. | Which of the following support and position the specimen and prevent contamination of the microscope by the specimen?
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19. | Which of the following measures light intensity and is a basic electronic component of many pieces of analytic laboratory equipment?
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20. | Patients with diabetes and clinical personnel use which of the following to monitor blood glucose levels?
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21. | Which of the following is used to measure small amounts of liquids and can be either mechanical or manual?
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22. | A slide calibrated to the exact measurements needed to count blood cells or sperm under a microscope is a ____.
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23. | Which of the following is used to measure the large amounts of liquids necessary for reagents?
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24. | Which of the following is included in the guidelines for Standard Precautions?
A. | Transfer blood from one collection device to another with the use of a mouth pipette |
B. | Wear the same gloves from patient to patient as you collect specimens for testing |
C. | Avoid wearing gloves when working with needles |
D. | Wear eye protection and face masks when there is a risk that droplets or spray may come in contact with your eyes, nose, or mouth |
E. | If a work surface becomes contaminated, disinfect it once a week. |
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25. | When testing specimens that may be contaminated with blood-borne or other pathogens, which of the following would apply?
A. | Use a mouth pipette to draw specimens |
B. | Avoid working when you have cuts, lesions, or sores on your hands |
C. | Rock the stopper back and forth to transfer a blood specimen from one collection tube to another container |
D. | Place the tube stopper directly on the work counter without covering it |
E. | Work on an open counter when completing procedures that are likely to generate splashes of contaminated material |
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26. | Which of the following is an appropriate solution for cleaning a surface contaminated with blood, blood products, or body fluids?
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27. | A quality assurance program ____.
A. | requires employees to receive training regarding workplace hazards |
B. | is designed to monitor the quality of patient care a medical laboratory provides |
C. | assumes that all blood, blood products, human tissue, and body fluids are contaminated |
D. | contains information about hazardous chemicals or other substances |
E. | specifies standards that must be met in order to perform tests in a POL |
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28. | Which of the following was created in response to public concern over the accuracy of laboratory testing?
A. | Hazard Communication Standard |
B. | Certificate of Waiver Tests |
C. | Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 |
D. | Material Safety Data Sheets |
E. | Bloodborne Pathogens Standard |
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29. | The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 had an impact on physician's office laboratories in which way?
A. | They decreased overall expenses. |
B. | They caused many doctors to close their laboratories. |
C. | They increased the number of tests performed. |
D. | They had no impact because physician's office laboratories are exempt. |
E. | They decreased efficiency and accuracy in the POLs. |
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30. | Certificate of Waiver tests are classified as such if they ____.
A. | are moderately complex |
B. | pose an insignificant risk to the patient if they are performed or interpreted incorrectly |
C. | are run by a pathologist |
D. | are highly complex and require that the laboratory be inspected periodically |
E. | are not performed in a POL |
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31. | Laboratories that perform moderate-complexity tests ____.
A. | must be run by a pathologist |
B. | can allow the patient to perform these tests at home |
C. | will not significantly impact the patient if they perform or interpret the tests incorrectly |
D. | cannot also perform high-complexity procedures |
E. | are not authorized to perform blood cell counts and cholesterol screening |
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32. | Which of the following types of tests may be performed in a physician’s office laboratory if the POL has been granted a Certificate of Waiver?
A. | Bacteriology and immunology |
B. | Cytology and histopathology |
C. | Chemistry and hematology |
D. | Mycology and immunohematology |
E. | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and urinalysis |
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33. | Moderate-complexity tests include ____.
A. | hemoglobin and spun microhematocrit tests |
B. | chemistry, immunology, bacteriology, and virology |
C. | cytogenics, histopathology, histocompatibility, and cytology |
D. | urinalysis and fecal occult blood tests |
E. | erythrocyte sedimentation rate and pregnancy tests |
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34. | Which of the following are considered high-complexity tests?
A. | Urinalysis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood glucose, and pregnancy |
B. | Tests in clinical cytogenics, histopathology, histocompatibility, and cytology |
C. | Tests in bacteriology, mycobacteriology, virology, and parasitology |
D. | Tests in mycology, immunology, and chemistry |
E. | Tests in immunohematology and hematology |
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35. | The focus of a quality control program is to ____.
A. | protect the safety of employees in the workplace |
B. | assume that all blood, blood products, human tissue, and body fluids are contaminated |
C. | provide information about hazardous chemicals or other substances |
D. | ensure accuracy in test results through careful monitoring of test procedures |
E. | specify standards that must be met in order to perform laboratory tests in a POL |
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36. | Which of the following is a characteristic of control samples that are run in the POL?
A. | They are used once after every five patient samples are processed. |
B. | They serve as a check on the accuracy of the test. |
C. | The results from a patient sample and a control sample should be different. |
D. | They have unknown results when the test is performed. |
E. | They are used only after equipment has been serviced or replaced. |
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37. | Which of the following are chemicals or chemically treated substances used in test procedures?
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38. | A foreign object that is visible through a microscope, but is unrelated to the specimen and may be misinterpreted when the specimen is examined, is a(n) ____.
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39. | The chemically coated strip used in blood glucose monitoring is an example of a(n) ____.
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40. | Which of the following communications should be used when preparing a patient for a laboratory test?
A. | Use technical terminology and language when providing information about the test |
B. | Avoid giving the patient test instructions if the patient has had the test before |
C. | Let the patient be your guide in determining how much information to provide |
D. | Interpret and communicate the test results to the patient as soon as they are available |
E. | Use the patient's first name to establish a friendly atmosphere |
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41. | The abbreviation for milligram is ____.
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42. | What does QNS on a lab report mean?
A. | Enough blood was sent to the lab. |
B. | These are the initials of the technician who ran the test. |
C. | The specimen that was sent to perform the test was not large enough. |
D. | This confirms that quality assurance standards have been met. |
E. | The specimen was contaminated and therefore unusable. |
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43. | Numbers 2 and 3 on this microscope are the ____.
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44. | Number 10 on this microscope is the ____, which contains the condenser and iris.
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45. | Number 6 on this microscope is the ____.
B. | coarse adjustment control |
E. | fine adjustment control |
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46. | Number 8 on this microscope represents the ____ that hold the specimen slide in place.
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47. | Number 12 on this microscope is the ____.
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48. | Mr. Pierce arrived for his scheduled blood test at 10:00 this morning. When you asked if he followed instructions and fasted since midnight, he proudly states that he hasn't had anything "except my morning coffee." What should you do?
A. | Draw the blood specimen and note on the paperwork that he had coffee this morning. |
B. | Tell Mr. Pierce that coffee is not allowed and reschedule the appointment. |
C. | Inform the physician to determine whether the blood can still be collected. |
D. | Tell Mr. Pierce that he will need to wait 3 hours in the office before the blood is drawn. |
E. | Draw the blood specimen; no special documentation is necessary. |
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49. | Sammy is a 6-year-old patient who needs to have blood drawn for testing. He is obviously anxious about the procedure, and his mother appears to be just as upset as Sammy is. Which of the following approaches should you take to reassure Sammy and his mother?
A. | Ignore Sammy and explain the procedure to his mother, then allow her to calm his fears. |
B. | Explain the procedure to Sammy and his mother using simple language that they can understand. |
C. | Use technical language to explain the procedure, so they will know you are knowledgeable. |
D. | Tell Sammy and his mother that it won't hurt a bit. |
E. | Ask Sammy's mother if there is a friend or relative they can call to help calm Sammy. |
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50. | Mrs. Casanello had a breast biopsy last Friday. She calls Wednesday afternoon and asks if the results are back yet. The results came in Wednesday morning, and you know that the results were good: there is no malignancy. What should you tell Mrs. Casanello?
A. | Since the results were good, you should tell Mrs. Casanello and relieve her fears as soon as possible. |
B. | Avoid the issue by telling her that the results are not in yet. |
C. | Tell Mrs. Casanello that you will tell the doctor to call her back. |
D. | Make an appointment for next Tuesday for Mrs. Casanello to come in for a follow-up and find out the results. |
E. | Tell Mrs. Casanello that you will check with the doctor and someone will call her as soon as the results have been interpreted. |
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Fill in the Blank Questions
51. | Number 1 on the figure of the microscope is the ________, which attaches the body tube to the base.
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52. | Number 2 on the figure of the microscope is the ________ adjustment control.
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53. | Number 3 on the figure of the microscope is the _______ adjustment control.
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54. | Number 4 on the figure of the microscope is the ________.
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55. | Number 5 on the figure of the microscope indicates the ________, or eyepieces, which contain a 10x magnifying lens.
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56. | Number 6 on the figure of the microscope is the revolving ________.
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57. | Number 7 on the figure of the microscope are the ________; two are dry, and the third is lowered into a drop of oil placed directly over the specimen.
________________________________________ |
58. | Number 8 on the figure of the microscope are the ________ that hold the specimen slide in place.
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59. | Number 9 on the figure of the microscope is the ________, which is the platform on which the specimen slide rests.
________________________________________ |
60. | Number 10 on the figure of the microscope is the ________, which contains the condenser and iris.
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61. | Number 11 on the figure of the microscope is the ________, which is a diaphragm that regulates the amount of light that illuminates the specimen.
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62. | Number 12 on the figure of the microscope is the ________ source.
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63. | A magnifying lens that magnifies an image ten times is called a(n) ________ lens.
________________________________________ |
64. | Foreign objects visible through a microscope, but unrelated to the specimen, are called ________ and may be misinterpreted when the specimen is examined.
________________________________________ |
65. | The ________ in a POL is generally used to separate whole blood samples into blood components or to prepare urine samples for examination by spinning the specimens at high speed.
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66. | Certificate of _________ tests are simple laboratory tests that are accurate to such a degree that the risk of obtaining incorrect results is minimal.
________________________________________ |
67. | An optical microscope that uses two lenses to magnify the image created by the condensed light is a(n) ________ microscope.
________________________________________ |
68. | Each time a test on a patient sample is processed, a(n) ________ sample is used that serves as a check on the accuracy of the test.
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69. | Below the oculars are the ________, which contain another magnifying lens.
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70. | The eyepieces of a microscope are called the ________.
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71. | Two of the objectives on a microscope are dry objectives, but the third objective is a(n) ________ objective that allows for greater magnification.
________________________________________ |
72. | A(n) ________ microscope uses light, concentrated through a condenser and focused through the object being examined, to project an image.
________________________________________ |
73. | A(n) _______ measures light intensity and is a basic electronic component of many pieces of analytic laboratory equipment.
________________________________________ |
74. | Generally positive and negative control samples are used with tests that yield a(n) ______ test response to show the substance being tested for is either present or absent.
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75. | Control samples formulated to show when results fall within a normal range yield ________ test results, indicating the concentration of a test substance in a specimen.
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76. | A quality ________ program is designed to monitor the quality of the patient care that a medical laboratory provides and helps to ensure the safety of laboratory workers.
________________________________________ |
77. | A quality ________ program is a component of a quality assurance program. Its focus is to ensure accuracy in test results through careful monitoring of test procedures.
________________________________________ |
78. | A(n) ________, such as the chemical on a blood glucose monitoring strip, is formulated to react in specific ways when exposed to specific conditions.
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79. | A laboratory owned and operated by an organization outside the medical practice is a(n) ________ laboratory.
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80. | In order to calibrate a medical instrument there must be a set of known ________, which is a specimen with a known value.
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81. | The medical assistant is usually responsible for taking ________ to be sure that the POL never runs out of supplies and equipment.
________________________________________ |
Multiple Choice Questions
82. | Which characteristic of control samples is different than that of a standard?
A. | They are used once after every five patient samples are processed. |
B. | Controls are used before each patient sample is processed. |
C. | The results from a patient sample and a control sample should be different. |
D. | They have unknown results when the test is performed. |
E. | They are used only after equipment has been serviced or replaced. |
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83. | A pap smear used to detect cervical cancer is sent to which department of a reference laboratory?
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84. | Workforce drug testing is a type of ______ test.
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Fill in the Blank Questions
85. | When transferring blood from a collection tube to another container, you should wear appropriate PPE, which includes a mask and _______, or a face shield.
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