Ch.46 Test Bank Microbiology And Disease

1.

Which of the following refers to the study of microorganisms?   
 

2.

Which of the following is characteristic of resident normal flora?  
 

3.

An example of a subcellular microorganism is a ___.  
 

4.

Which of the following is an example of a microorganism that is classified a prokaryotic cell?  
 

5.

Which of the following is characteristic of a subcellular microorganism?  
 

6.

Which of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells?  
 

7.

Which of the following are characteristics of eukaryotic cells?  
 

8.

Which classification of microorganisms contains protozoans, fungi, and parasites?  
 

9.

A microorganism capable of causing disease is a ____.  
 

10.

Which of the following can weaken the body's ability to fight infection?  
 

11.

Beneficial bacteria found in the body that perform functions such as producing vitamins are called ____.  
 

12.

What disorder is a complication of a strep infection manifested by inflammation of the heart tissue?  
 

13.

The viral infection that affects the salivary glands, causing fever, headache, and inflammation of the glands is ____.  
 

14.

The respiratory disease that causes fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, and fatigue, and is spread by airborne transmission is ____.  
 

15.

Amy is a 9-year-old patient who has a high fever, headache, and an itchy rash. Although Amy usually has a good appetite, her mother says she has not been hungry for the last few days. The rash is starting to blister. Which of the following diseases might you suspect?  
 

16.

Mononucleosis is caused by which of the following?  
 

17.

Three-year-old Tyler's parents report that he has had a runny nose and a mild cough for the last several days. They brought him to the clinic because the coughing has become "terrible" during the past 24 hours. While getting the history from the parents, you notice a "whoop" sound as Tyler inhales after a severe coughing spell. Which of the following diseases is the most probable cause of Tyler's cough?  
 

18.

An acute, often fatal, infectious bacterial disease caused by the introduction of pathogenic spores, which enter the body through a contaminated puncture wound, is____.  
 

19.

In which condition does a pseudomembrane cover the tonsils, throat, and nose, causing respiratory obstruction?  
 

20.

Which of the following is a frequent cause of bacterial infections, including epiglottitis and pneumonia, in infants and young children in the United States?  
 

21.

Which of the following microorganisms cause diseases that are a leading cause of death in developing countries because of lack of proper sanitation?  
 

22.

Which of the following are examples of diseases caused by viruses?  
 

23.

Which of the following are characteristics of viruses?  
 

24.

Bacteria are most commonly classified according to their ____.  
 

25.

The bacteria shown in the figure are ____.

 
 

26.

The comma-shaped bacteria pictured here are ____.
 
 

27.

The spiral-shaped bacterium pictured here is classified as a ____.
 
 

28.

The bacteria pictured here are classified as ____.
 
 

29.

Which of the following bacteria grow in grape-like clusters and are commonly found on the skin?  
 

30.

Which type of bacteria causes boils, acne, abscesses, food poisoning, and a type of pneumonia?  
 

31.

What is the term for the type of cocci that are in pairs?  
 

32.

What is the shape of streptococci bacteria?  
 

33.

Diplococci bacteria are responsible for causing ____.  
 

34.

Which of the following microorganisms cause infections such as strep throat, certain types of pneumonia, and rheumatic fever?  
 

35.

Which of the following types of bacteria are responsible for gastroenteritis, tuberculosis, whooping cough, botulism, and tetanus?  
 

36.

Which of the following types of bacteria are responsible for infections such as syphilis and Lyme disease?  
 

37.

Which of the following types of bacteria are responsible for diseases such as cholera?  
 

38.

What is the name of a solution of a dye or group of dyes that imparts a distinctive color to microorganisms?  
 

39.

Which of the following is the most common staining procedure, which differentiates bacteria according to the chemical composition of their cell walls?  
 

40.

The acid-fast staining procedure is a ____.  
 

41.

Which of the following are bacteria that grow best in the presence of oxygen?  
 

42.

A preparation of a specimen in a liquid that allows the organisms to remain alive and mobile while being identified is a(n) ____.  
 

43.

Which of the following is true regarding anaerobes?  
 

44.

A sample of a specimen that is placed in or on a substance that allows microorganisms to grow is a ____.  
 

45.

Facultative bacteria are bacteria that ____.  
 

46.

In which of the following is a specimen spread thinly and unevenly across a slide?  
 

47.

Which of the following, found in insects such as ticks and mites, are responsible for diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus?  
 

48.

The genus that causes tuberculosis and leprosy is ____.  
 

49.

Which of the following cause eye disease, venereal disease, and a form of pneumonia?  
 

50.

Fungi that grow into large, fuzzy, multicelled organisms that produce spores are called ____.  
 

51.

Which of the following is an organism that lives on or in another organism and uses that other organism for its nourishment, or for some other advantage, to the detriment of the host organism?  
 

52.

An infection caused by a parasite is called a(n) ____.  
 

53.

Which of the following is a parasitic disease?  
 

54.

Which of the following reproduce by budding?  
 

55.

Which of the following involves culturing a specimen and then testing the isolated bacterium's susceptibility to antibiotics?  
 

56.

Which of the following is an agent that kills microorganisms or suppresses their growth?  
 

57.

Which of the following is a guideline for the preparation and transportation of a specimen to an outside laboratory for pathologic study?  
 

58.

Which of the following is included in specimen-collection guidelines?  
 

59.

Which of the following is an inflammation of the heart tissue that occurs most frequently in school-age children as a result of an untreated strep throat?  
 

60.

Rick, a 22-year-old patient, has had a bad cough that has lasted almost a month. He says his chest hurts, and he has been coughing up blood. Since his last visit three months ago, he has lost 12 pounds. His temperature is 101.9°F. For which of the following diseases might you expect the physician to test?  
 

61.

Which of the following specimens would be collected if the practitioner suspects a patient has tuberculosis?  
 

62.

Which of the following should be included when obtaining a throat culture specimen from a patient?  
 

63.

Which type of specimen is examined for the presence of parasites such as roundworms or tapeworms?  
 

64.

Mary has come to the medical office complaining of an infection involving her left great toenail. Which of the following tests will the practitioner order for this condition?  
 

65.

Which of the following should you include when preparing a KOH mount?  
 

66.

The hard protein the body produces that makes visualizing the fungus possible only in a KOH mount is called ____.  
 

67.

Which of the following would you include in the preparation of a microbiologic specimen smear?  
 

68.

A substance that can intensify or deepen the response of a specimen to a stain is called a(n) ____.  
 

69.

Which of the following would you include when performing a Gram stain?  
 

70.

Which of the following is a distinct group of organisms that can be seen on the surface of the culture medium?  
 

71.

The gelatin-like substance derived from seaweed that gives a culture medium its consistency is called  
 

72.

Determination of the type of pathogen is called ____.  
 

73.

Determination of the number of bacteria present in specimens is called ____.  
 

74.

What information must be included on a laboratory request form?  
 

75.

The microorganisms pictured here are ____.
 
 

76.

The organism pictured here spreads bacteria that causes Lyme disease and is considered a ____.
 
 

77.

The parasitic insect pictured here burrows under the skin and causes ____.
 
 

78.

Trinity is a 9-year-old patient who has a fever, swollen glands, and a red rash. Upon examination, the physician found the organism shown in the picture. Which of the following diseases might the physician suspect based on this evidence?
 
 

79.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) are caused by a(n) ____.  
 

80.

Which of the following is a virus that infects and gradually destroys components of the immune system, resulting in AIDS?  
 

81.

Procedures for packaging and labeling a specimen for mail delivery are set by ____.  
 

82.

A living microorganism or its toxin that may cause human disease that is transported through the US mail must be marked as a(n) ____.  
 

83.

Which of the following is considered the most reliable and timely method of transporting microbiologic specimens?  
 

84.

Infections by microorganisms that can cause disease only when a host's resistance is low are called ________ infections.  
 
________________________________________

85.

Organisms that neither help nor harm the host or are beneficial, creating a barrier against pathogens, are called resident normal ________.  
 
________________________________________

86.

MRSA is an infection caused by a(n) ________ microorganism that is on the rise in the United States.  
 
________________________________________

87.

One strategy to reduce the incidence of drug-resistant microorganisms is to use ________ carefully.  
 
________________________________________

88.

A(n) ________ ________ stain is used to identify bacteria that have a waxy cell wall, such as the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.  
 
________________________________________

89.

Bacteria that grow best in the presence of oxygen are referred to as ________.  
 
________________________________________

90.

Bacteria that grow best in the absence of oxygen are referred to as ________.  
 
________________________________________

91.

Organisms that can grow in either an aerobic or an anaerobic environment are said to be ________.  
 
________________________________________

92.

Semisolid culture media contain a gelatin-like substance derived from seaweed, called ________, which gives them their consistency.  
 
________________________________________

93.

A(n) ________ is an agent prescribed by a physician that kills microorganisms or suppresses their growth.  
 
________________________________________

94.

A distinct group of organisms seen on the surface of the culture medium is called a(n) ________.  
 
________________________________________

95.

A(n) ________ medium is a substance that contains all the nutrients a particular type of microorganism needs to grow.  
 
________________________________________

96.

A(n) ________ agent is a living microorganism or its toxin that may cause human disease. A label with this and a biohazard symbol must be affixed to a package containing a microbiologic specimen sent through the mail.  
 
________________________________________

97.

Stained bacteria that lose the purple color when the decolorizer is added and pick up the red color of the safranin are referred to as ________ bacteria.  
 
________________________________________

98.

Bacterial species that retain the purple dye even after the decolorizer is added and appear blue or violet are referred to as ________ ________ bacteria.  
 
________________________________________

99.

In addition to their shape, bacteria are commonly classified by how they react to certain stains. The most common staining procedure in use today is the ________ stain, a method of staining that differentiates bacteria according to the chemical composition of their cell walls.  
 
________________________________________

100.

A(n) ________ mount is a type of mount used when a physician suspects that a patient has a fungal infection of the skin, nails, hair, or vagina because it dissolves the keratin and allows visualization of any fungus.  
 
________________________________________

101.

The study of microorganisms is called ________.  
 
________________________________________

102.

Large, fuzzy, multicelled fungi that produce spores are called ________.  
 
________________________________________

103.

Iodine is an example of a(n) ________, which is a substance that intensifies or deepens the response of a specimen to a stain.  
 
________________________________________

104.

In cases of a suspected parasitic worm infestation, a(n) ________ specimen may be ordered by the practitioner.  
 
________________________________________

105.

An organism that lives on or in another organism and uses that other organism to the detriment of the host organism is a(n) ________.  
 
________________________________________

106.

A single-celled eukaryotic organism that is generally much larger than bacteria and is found in soil and water is called a(n) _______. These organisms can cause diseases such as malaria and amebic dysentery.  
 
________________________________________

107.

The determination of the type of pathogen on a culture plate is referred to as a(n) ________ analysis of the specimen.  
 
________________________________________

108.

The determination of the number of bacteria present in specimens such as urine is referred to as a(n) _________ analysis.  
 
________________________________________

109.

A specimen may be directly viewed as a(n) ________, in which a specimen is spread thinly and evenly across a slide.  
 
________________________________________

110.

A(n) ________ is a solution of a dye or group of dyes that imparts a color to microorganisms.  
 
________________________________________

111.

The smallest known infectious agent, consisting only of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat, is a(n) ________.  
 
________________________________________

112.

A specimen may be directly viewed as a(n) ________ ________, which is a preparation of a specimen in a liquid that allows the organisms to remain alive and mobile while they are being identified.  
 
________________________________________

113.

A fungus that grows mainly as a single-celled organism and reproduces by budding is referred to as a(n) ________.  
 
________________________________________

114.

A pathogen that is made of protein, is very small, and has no nucleic acid is a(n) ________.  
 
________________________________________

115.

A viral infection of the liver that can lead to cirrhosis and death is ________.  
 
________________________________________

116.

A(n) ________ infestation can cause anal itching, as well as nighttime restlessness due to anal itching.  
 
________________________________________

117.

The fifth most common cause of death worldwide from infectious disease is ________.  
 
________________________________________