Chapter.14 Generalization Complete Test Bank 14th Edition

Chapter 14

Test Bank

1. ________ validity is the extent to which findings may be generalized, while ________ validity refers to the accuracy of conclusions drawn about cause and effect.A. External; internalB. Internal; externalC. Construct; statisticalD. Statistical; constructAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: External Validity2. What is external validity?A. the generalizability of research findingsB. the effectiveness of the manipulation of an independent variableC. the practical application of research findingsD. the adequacy of an experimental designAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: External Validity3. The use of only college students, volunteers, or participants from one locale ________ the ________ validity of a study.A. enhances; internalB. weakens; internalC. enhances; externalD. weakens; externalAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: External ValidityTopic: Locale4. When the results of a study can be generalized to other subject populations, the study is said to have ________ validity.A. internalB. constructC. statisticalD. externalAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: External Validity5. In an attempt to study police officers' attitudes toward their supervisors, Alex surveys 25 police officers working during the day shift. In this scenario, what can help Alex ensure that his findings have external validity?A. surveying officers from all shifts in the departmentB. randomly assigning officers to work under specific supervisorsC. using confounding variablesD. using a larger sample of officers working in the day shiftAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: External Validity6. In which of the following ways can a study aimed at examining college students' attitudes toward tuition increases demonstrate external validity?A. sampling only students enrolled at colleges that have not raised tuitionB. focusing on the difference in attitudes between students who have experienced tuition increases and students who have notC. showing that the results apply to college students from other universities as wellD. lowering tuition for one semester and raising it for the next semesterAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: External Validity7. In studies that require human participants, the most available population tends to consist ofA. children.B. college students.C. older people.D. psychiatric patients.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: Volunteers8. Compared with the general population, college students tend to haveA. a well-developed sense of self-identity.B. unstable peer relationships.C. low cognitive skills.D. a low need for peer approval.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: College Students9. According to Peterson (2001), which of the following statements is true of using students as research participants?A. They are less in need of approval than nonvolunteers.B. As a group they have formed stable political attitudes.C. As a group they are more homogeneous than nonstudent samples.D. They have a well-established sense of self-identity.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: College Students10. Which of the following statements is true regarding the terms sex and gender?A. The term gender generally refers to a biological classification.B. The term sex is used to focus on social roles.C. There is fluidity in gender identity.D. Sex identity refers to a person's own personal and psychological identity as male or female.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions.Topic: GenderTopic: Generalization11. Which of the following statements about research conducted with nonhuman animals is true?A. The studies conducted on nonhumans are not of much value because the research does not apply to human biological or behavioral patterns.B. More than 50% of psychological research is conducted with nonhuman animals.C. The applications of research conducted with nonhuman animals include sexual behavior, choice behavior, and drug addictions.D. Most research with other species is not focused on gathering information that may help with the survival of endangered species.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: Nonhuman Animals12. In their comprehensive study on various ways in which volunteers differ from nonvolunteers, Rosenthal and Rosnow (1975) reported that volunteers tend to beA. less educated.B. more social.C. more in need of approval.D. of a lower socioeconomic status.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: Volunteers13. A consumer research firm is hired to determine which brand of laundry soap is most preferred by consumers. After surveying a sample of housewives, they find that the most preferred brand is White Suds. Which of the following is the greatest threat to the external validity in this study?A. consumers' lack of interest in laundry productsB. including both males and females in research investigationsC. the absence of differences in laundry soaps between different manufacturersD. the stereotypical assumption that only women do laundryAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: External Validity14. Dr. Paul found that college students between the ages of 18 and 23 performed better on a cognitive task in a low-noise condition than in a high-noise condition. Dr. Ben wants to repeat Dr. Paul's study by adding age as a variable, using the 18–23 and 65–74 age groups. He predicts an interaction between the age and noise variables. In this scenario, Dr. Ben is questioning the ________validity of the original study.A. interactionalB. externalC. internalD. statisticalAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: External Validity15. The presence of an interaction between the gender and the age of the participants in a study indicates thatA. the results of the study are accurately interpreted.B. the results for males cannot be generalized to females.C. age is a more important variable than gender.D. there is no relationship between age and gender.APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: Generalization as Statistical Interaction16. What is most likely to be true of a study conducted on a group of males to analyze the effects of room temperature on their task performance?A. Task performance is a confounding variable in the study.B. Temperature does not affect men's task performance.C. The study has high external validity.D. The findings of the study cannot be generalized to females.APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: Generalization17. Neil conducted a study on a group of women in which they viewed cartoons for an hour under one of two environmental conditions—either alone or with other participants. After the study, the participants rated how much they enjoyed watching the cartoons under the two different conditions. What can be concluded based on the results of this study?A. The results of the study cannot be generalized to males.B. Women enjoy watching cartoons more than men.C. Men enjoy viewing cartoons more in the presence of others.D. The study has high external validity.APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: Generalization18. Using the Internet for research may lower the external validity of a study because users are more likely to share similar characteristics. In this case, volunteers of online surveys are likely toA. live in rural areas.B. have a lower income.C. be older adults.D. be college educated.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: Online Research19. Which of the following is likely to improve the external validity of a research study?A. employing only one type of experimenterB. including groups from various culturesC. being sure that all participants have the same ethnic backgroundD. using only first-year students and sophomores as participantsAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss issues to consider regarding generalization of research results to other cultures and ethnic groups.Topic: External Validity20. Which of the following statements is true regarding the culture of the United States?A. Self-enhancement comes from individual achievements.B. People engage in self-criticism, which can be seen as relationship-maintaining.C. The "self" is a collective concept.D. Support that comes with the comforts of proximity is immensely beneficial when coping with stress.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss issues to consider regarding generalization of research results to other cultures and ethnic groups.Topic: Culture21. One solution to the problem of generalizing to other experimenters is to useA. a field experimental technique.B. computers to test participants.C. two or more experimenters.D. quasi-experiments.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions.Topic: Generalizing across Methods22. Which of the following statements is true regarding pretests?A. One drawback of a pretest is that it fails to provide a researcher with an assessment of the attrition effects.B. A pretest acts as a hindrance when determining whether the people who withdrew are different from those who completed the study.C. Pretesting may limit the ability to generalize to populations that did not receive a pretest.D. It is often a misconception that simply taking a pretest may cause subjects to behave differently than they would without the pretest.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions.Topic: Pretests23. Identify the risk associated with a pretest.A. It tends to cause subjects to behave differently than they would without the pretest.B. It does not accurately depict whether the people who withdrew were any different from those who completed the study.C. It does not necessarily enable a researcher to assess mortality effects.D. It fails to provide accurate scores, although intuitively pretesting seems like a good idea.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions.Topic: Pretests24. Which of the following is true of the Solomon four-group design?A. In this design, mortality effects are assessed in the posttest conditions.B. The design allows a researcher to examine whether there is an interaction between an independent variable and a posttest.C. The design is used in situations in which a pretest is undesirable.D. In this design, half the participants are given a pretest and the other half receive a posttest only.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions.Topic: Pretests25. What does a Solomon four-group design assess?A. the limitations of the external validity of a studyB. the impact of independent variables under highly controlled settingsC. the significance of a simple factorial designD. the possible impact of taking a pretestAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions.Topic: Pretests26. One way to assess whether pretesting creates a generalization problem is toA. ask participants whether the pretests were a problem.B. conduct the same experiment with and without the pretest.C. use simple random sampling rather than purposive sampling.D. use a double-blind technique.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions.Topic: Pretests27. Research on the results of laboratory and field experiments that examine the same variables suggests thatA. independent variables in field experiments must be manipulated differently from laboratory experiments.B. these experiments must be conducted in similar settings for the results to be complementary.C. the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable is marked by dissimilarity.D. the effect size of the independent variable on the dependent variable is very similar.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions.Topic: Generalizing from Laboratory Settings28. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be correct regarding the results of laboratory and field experiments that examine the same variables?A. Laboratory and field experiments should be considered in isolation.B. The effect size of the independent variable on the dependent variable is very similar in the two types of studies.C. Both tend to produce the same results.D. The results tend to be complementary rather than contradictory.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions.Topic: Generalizing from Laboratory Settings29. When findings are replicated using ________, one's confidence in the generalizability of the findings ________.A. pretests; decreasesB. college students; decreasesC. multiple methods; increasesD. statistical interactions; increasesAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions.Topic: Generalizing from Laboratory Settings30. Which of the following is most likely to produce better external validity in a study?A. including only male subjectsB. using a random sampleC. employing nonequivalent groupsD. having a single experimenterAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions.Topic: External Validity31. Failures to replicate findings share the same problems asA. nonsignificant results.B. Type II errors.C. Type I errors.D. actual findings.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Replication32. ________ of research is a way of overcoming any problems of generalization that occur in a single study.A. RenormalizationB. RandomizationC. RevaluationD. ReplicationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Replication33. Which of the following is true of exact replications?A. They are the use of different procedures to replicate a research finding.B. They are even more important than conceptual replications in furthering one's understanding of behavior.C. They often occur when a researcher builds on the findings of a prior study.D. In these replications, the same independent variable is operationalized in a different way.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Exact Replication34. Which of the following is true of conceptual replications?A. They occur when a researcher builds on the findings of a prior study.B. They are not important in the social sciences because the variables used cannot be operationalized in different ways.C. They are an attempt to precisely replicate the procedures of a study to see whether the same results are obtained.D. They are more important than exact replications in furthering one's understanding of behavior.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Conceptual Replication35. A(n) ________ replication is an attempt to precisely replicate the procedures of a study to see whether the same results are obtained.A. abstractB. exactC. conceptualD. proceduralAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Exact Replication36. A researcher replicates a past study that manipulates the physical attractiveness of a defendant by using photographs instead of written descriptions. This technique is an example of a(n) ________ replication.A. exactB. conceptualC. abstractD. proceduralAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Conceptual Replication37. Conceptual replications are extremely important in the social sciences becauseA. they allow statistical conclusions and identify trends in the literature.B. they take into consideration the fact that prior findings are a prerequisite for the replications to occur.C. the variables used are complex and can be operationalized in different ways.D. they allow researchers to precisely replicate the procedures of a study to see whether the same results are obtained.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Conceptual Replication38. Identify the type of replication that plays the most important part in furthering our understanding of behavior.A. constructive replicationB. procedural replicationC. exact replicationD. conceptual replicationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Conceptual Replication39. Conceptual replications allow a researcher toA. have increased confidence in the generalizability of relationships between variables when they produce similar results.B. identify trends in the literature and provide directions for future study.C. precisely replicate the procedures of a study to see whether the same results are obtained.D. point out inconsistent findings and areas in which research is lacking.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Conceptual Replication40. The use of different procedures to replicate a research finding is called a(n) ________ replication.A. abstractB. exactC. conceptualD. proceduralAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Conceptual Replication41. The "Mozart effect" provides an interesting example of the importance ofA. replications.B. interactions.C. statistical interactions.D. meta-analysis.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Replication42. What are the two types of replications?A. conceptual and strategic replicationsB. procedural and exact replicationsC. exact and conceptual replicationsD. strategic and procedural replicationsAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Replication43. In ________ replications, researchers attempt to understand the relationships among abstract ________ variables by using new, or different, operational definitions of those variables.A. exact; conceptualB. procedural; strategicC. conceptual; conceptualD. strategic; strategicAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Conceptual Replication44. In the original "Mozart effect" study, researchers examined the effect of exposure to classical music on spatial reasoning. In this scenario, exposure to classical music and spatial reasoning are examples of ________ variables.A. confoundedB. concurrentC. conceptualD. concreteAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Conceptual Replication45. Which of the following statements is true regarding replications?A. Several scientific societies are encouraging systematic replications of important scientific findings.B. There are two types of replications to consider—descriptive and inferential replications.C. Replication is a way of evaluating the external validity of research studies.D. A single failure to replicate is sufficient to conclude that the previous research is invalid.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Replication46. A failure to replicate could mean that theA. research findings are generalizable.B. original results are invalid.C. experimenter is unbiased.D. replication attempt is flawless.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications.Topic: Replication47. Researchers have traditionally drawn conclusions about the external validity of research findings by conductingA. literature reviews and meta-analyses.B. one-tailed tests and structural equation models.C. cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs.D. conceptual and exact replications.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Literature ReviewsTopic: Meta-Analysis48. Elaine reads a number of studies examining the effect of physical attractiveness on the judgment of an individual's personality. She then writes a paper in which she summarizes the findings and draws conclusions based on her summaries of these studies. In this scenario, Elaine has most likely conducted aA. categorization analysis.B. meta-analysis.C. literature review.D. meta-categorization.APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Literature Reviews49. Which of the following is a researcher LEAST likely to do when conducting a literature review?A. indicate what findings are both strongly and weakly supported in the literatureB. make conclusions based on subjective impressionsC. indicate inconsistencies and areas in which research is lackingD. discuss future directions for researchAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Literature Reviews50. An alternative to traditional literature reviews for comparing a large number of studies in a research area isA. science citation analysis.B. conceptual replication.C. critical theory.D. meta-analysis.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Meta-Analysis51. To examine the effects of drug therapy on depression, Mark found 45 studies in which adults diagnosed with depression and undergoing a drug therapy were examined. Studies that included other additional treatments were excluded. He then performed a statistical analysis of the results of these 45 studies and concluded that drug therapy was effective in treating depression. In this scenario, Mark has most likely conducted aA. meta-analysis.B. causal analysis.C. literature review.D. statistical review.APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Meta-Analysis52. In a ________, the researcher combines the actual results of a number of studies; the analysis consists of a set of statistical procedures that employ effect sizes to compare a given finding across many different studies.A. field experimentB. meta-analysisC. literature reviewD. combined assignmentAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Meta-Analysis53. Dr. Harrison used a set of statistical procedures to analyze the findings of 105 studies on the effects of exercise on mood. Identify the technique employed by him in this scenario.A. literature reviewB. meta-analysisC. analysis of varianceD. causal analysisAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Meta-Analysis54. A meta-analysis consists of a set of statistical procedures that employ ________ to compare a given finding across many different studies.A. statistical interactionsB. exact replicationsC. effect sizesD. conceptual replicationsAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Meta-Analysis55. A ________ identifies trends in the literature, whereas a(n) ________ allows statistical, quantitative conclusions about the research.A. conceptual replication; narrative literature reviewB. meta-analysis; exact replicationC. meta-analysis; conceptual replicationD. narrative literature review; meta-analysisAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Literature ReviewsTopic: Meta-Analysis56. Which of the following statements is true regarding meta-analysis?A. Researchers traditionally draw conclusions about the external validity of research findings by conducting this type of analysis.B. In this type of analysis, a reviewer writes a paper that summarizes and evaluates the literature.C. It is a method for determining the reliability of a finding by examining the results from many different studies.D. In this type of analysis, the conclusions are based on the subjective impressions of the reviewer.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Meta-Analysis57. Which of the following statements is true of narrative literature reviews?A. In this type of review, the researcher combines the actual results of a number of studies.B. In this type of review, the conclusions are based on the subjective impressions of the reviewer.C. They can lead to clear conclusions by focusing on effect size.D. They allow statistical, quantitative conclusions.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Literature Reviews58. Which of the following is a similarity between literature reviews and meta-analyses?A. Both are able to provide the same level of general conclusion.B. Both begin with a body of previous research on a topic.C. Both allow statistical, quantitative conclusions.D. Both primarily focus on the internal validity of a research.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Literature ReviewsTopic: Meta-Analysis59. Which of the following best represents a meta-analysis?A. the study by Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky (1993) on college students and the effect of listening to Mozart's sonatasB. Smart's (1966) study that found that college students were studied in over 70 percent of the articles published between 1962 and 1964C. Miller and Downey's 1999 work analyzing the results of 71 studies that examined the relationship between weight and self-esteemD. the Publication Manual of the American Psychological AssociationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Meta-Analysis60. According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, a literature review provides information that does all of the following EXCEPTA. analyze data from several reported studies.B. summarize what has been found.C. point out inconsistent findings.D. inform the reader about the findings that are strongly supported.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Literature Reviews61. Which of the following is one of the most important reasons a meta-analysis can lead to clear conclusions?A. It points out inconsistent findings and areas in which existing research is lacking.B. It focuses on effect size.C. It provides information pertaining to strongly supported findings in literature.D. It identifies trends in literature.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Meta-Analysis62. Which of the following statements is true regarding narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses?A. Without conducting a meta-analysis, a background in meta-analysis alone is not beneficial when reviewing research findings.B. Both narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses provide valuable information and in fact are often complementary.C. A narrative literature review allows statistical, quantitative conclusions, whereas a meta-analysis provides directions for future study.D. Unlike a traditional literature review, a meta-analysis begins with a body of previous research on a topic.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Literature ReviewsTopic: Meta-Analysis63. Which of the following statements reflects the findings of the study conducted by Bushman and Wells (2001) on narrative reviews and meta-analyses?A. The conclusions in meta-analyses and literature reviews are based on the objective impressions of the reviewer.B. Knowledge of meta-analysis can improve how one interprets information for literature reviews.C. By organizing and evaluating previously published material, authors of literature reviews consider the progress of research toward clarifying a problem.D. In a meta-analysis, it is difficult to provide the type of general conclusion that can be reached with a traditional literature review.APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses.Topic: Meta-Analysis64. What is the broadest issue of generalization as described by Miller in 1969 and Zimbardo in 2004?A. applying what is learned about human behavior to many people in all areas of everyday lifeB. advancing the use of psychology research and lessons to the medical fieldsC. being able to replicate psychology research studies across racesD. encouraging more students to pursue careers in research psychologyAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants.Topic: Improving Lives With Research

Category # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 64

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 51

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains 4

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology 9

Blooms: Apply 8

Blooms: Remember 20

Blooms: Understand 36

Difficulty Level: Easy 20

Difficulty Level: Hard 8

Difficulty Level: Medium 36

Learning Objective: Describe the potential problem of generalizing to other experimenters and suggest possible solutions. 11

Learning Objective: Discuss issues to consider regarding generalization of research results to other cultures and ethnic groups. 2

Learning Objective: Discuss the importance of replications, distinguishing between exact replications and conceptual replications. 16

Learning Objective: Discuss the issues created by generalizing research results to other populations, including potential problems with using college students as research participants. 18

Learning Objective: Distinguish between narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses. 17

Topic: College Students 2

Topic: Conceptual Replication 8

Topic: Culture 1

Topic: Exact Replication 2

Topic: External Validity 10

Topic: Gender 1

Topic: Generalization 3

Topic: Generalization as Statistical Interaction 1

Topic: Generalizing across Methods 1

Topic: Generalizing from Laboratory Settings 3

Topic: Improving Lives With Research 1

Topic: Literature Reviews 8

Topic: Locale 1

Topic: Meta-Analysis 13

Topic: Nonhuman Animals 1

Topic: Online Research 1

Topic: Pretests 5

Topic: Replication 6

Topic: Volunteers 2