Chapter.13 Argument, Reasoning, And Evidence Test Bank Docx

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 1

1) The American Tobacco Institute claims that e-cigarettes are perfectly safe. This source for the claim is

a. credible

b. inherently biased due to the profit motive

c. deserves to be considered seriously so as not to be closed-minded

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 2

2) Fredericka states in her speech that “35% of the world’s children live in poverty.” As credible support for her claim that poverty is a serious global catastrophe, this statistic as cited is

a. sufficient to establish the credibility of her claim

b. incomplete

c. a credible statistic that I’ve heard before

d. vivid and startling and thus credible

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 3

3) The credibility of a statistic used to support a claim in a speech is enhanced by citing

a. a credible source for the statistic

b. a source of the statistic that is objective (no special interest in an outcome)

c. a source of the statistic that has a history of accuracy

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 4

4) You claim that county supervisor Reynolds is corrupt, and you provide convincing evidence to support this claim. Reynolds, however, accuses you of being biased without providing any evidence. This illustrates

a. an ad hominem attack

b. an ad hominem fallacy

c. a personal attack

d. all of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 5

5) An argument or “train of reasoning” includes which of the following?

a. Warrant

b. Grounds

c. Claim

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 6

6) In Toulmin’s model of argument, backing supports the

a. rebuttal

b. warrant

c. data

d. qualifier

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 7

7) In Toulmin’s structure of argument, a word or phrase that indicates the level of likelihood that a claim is strong is the

a. qualifier

b. exception

c. data

d. rebuttal

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 8

8) Your latest issue of Cosmopolitan includes a survey of readers on jealousy. You are asked to mail in your responses, and 19,000 responses are received. The results appear in the next issue. The results cannot validly be generalized to a population beyond the readership of Cosmo because

a. the sample size is inadequate

b. the sample is self-selected

c. the sample merely gathers testimonials

d. the survey is a correlation, not a causation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 9

9) You are asked by a speaker to accept her point of view because most people already do, as indicated on several national surveys using random samples of more than 1,000 subjects. She has committed a fallacy called

a. ad hominem

b. biased source

c. false analogy

d. ad populum

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 10

10) When three states reinstituted capital punishment, the number of murders went down. In two states where capital punishment was repealed, murder rates went up. “Capital punishment obviously deters murder” is a fallacious claim based on this evidence because

a. it is only a correlation, not a causation

b. it is insufficient evidence for asserting causation

c. it is a self-selected sample

d. a and b

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 11

11) John Jacobs, astrophysicist, claims that earthquakes can be predicted. This is an example of

a. a biased source

b. an expert quoted out of his field

c. an ad populum fallacy

d. a false analogy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13, Question 12

12) “The National Anthem is sung by more than 50 million people each year” is an example of

a. a questionable statistic

b. a biased statistic

c. a statistic with a weak margin of error

d. none of the above

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 13

13) Fallacies relate to persuasive speeches but are not relevant for informative speeches.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 14

14) An argument is the thought process of drawing conclusions from evidence.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 15

15) A syllogism is a form of informal logic.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 16

16) Grounds in the Toulmin model of argument represent the backing for the warrant.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 17

17) The basic structure of an argument in formal logic is called a syllogism.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 18

18) The credibility of evidence refers to its believability as determined by consistency and accuracy.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 19

19) Accuracy as an element of credibility of evidence means that what a source of information says and does are in agreement, and accuracy means that the evidence has no error.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 20

20) “Studies show” is a perfectly acceptable citation of evidence to support a claim.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 21

21) An ad hominem attack and an ad hominem fallacy are really the same thing.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 22

22) A margin of error of 4% means that the poll is never off by more than 4% from the actual results if the entire population were surveyed.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 23

23) Research shows that ideologically leaning Internet news sources have a strong biasing effect that produces a distorted understanding of evidence and promotes inaccurate beliefs.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 24

24) The more people who support a belief, the stronger is the argument and its validity.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 25

25) A survey’s margin of error increases as the size of the sample surveyed increases.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 26

26) Inductive reasoning is a process of drawing conclusions from specific instances.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 13 Question 27

27) Correlations suggest only possible causations but are not actual causes for phenomena.

a. True

b. False