Chapter.10 Economy Of Working Families Exam Prep 2nd Edition - Test Bank | Marriages and Families 2e by Howe by Tasha R. Howe. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 10: The Economy of Working Families: Balancing Mental, Physical, and Financial Health in the 21st Century
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. A person who is ______ wants a full-time job but instead works part-time or at a job for which he or she is overqualified.
a. in poverty
b. underemployed
c. underpaid
d. underresourced
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Historical Patterns in Work and Income
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Which of the following is an economic trend since 2008?
a. The economies of developing nations are growing at a faster pace than those of western nations.
b. Many nations in the developed world are running budget surpluses.
c. The average U.S. family’s income rose approximately 2% per year.
d. Unemployment rates gradually declined, although more women than men remained unemployed.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Overview of Economic Trends
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. With industrialization and migration to cities in the 19th century, what social change happened for the first time?
a. There were a large number of poor people.
b. Rich and poor people lived in close proximity.
c. People worked for employers rather than for themselves.
d. Women stopped working for wages.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Historical Patterns in Work and Income
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Since which year has there been no relative increase in American family wealth?
a. 1929
b. 1946
c. 1973
d. 1988
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Historical Patterns in Work and Income
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Infant girls who receive high levels of androgen exposure in utero tend to grow up to prefer ______.
a. female sex partners
b. male sex partners
c. traditionally female careers
d. traditionally male careers
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Diversity in Work and Family Life
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Which group of workers has experienced the greatest decline in wages over the past 30 years?
a. poor women
b. poor men
c. middle-income women
d. middle-income men
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Working Women in Families
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Gay men tend to earn less money than ______.
a. heterosexual married men
b. heterosexual single men
c. heterosexual married women
d. heterosexual single women
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: LGBT Issues and Work
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. For every dollar African American men earn, African American women earn ______.
a. $0.76
b. $0.80
c. $0.83
d. $0.90
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: African American Experiences With Work and Family
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. In which country do people work the greatest number of hours per week?
a. United States
b. France
c. Japan
d. Austria
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Diversity and Social Policies Around the World
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Approximately what percentage of CEOs of Fortune 500 companies are women?
a. 4%
b. 8%
c. 30%
d. 50%
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Working Women in Families
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Women make up what percentage of middle management positions?
a. 25%
b. 40%
c. 51%
d. 66%
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Working Women in Families
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Which statement about children whose mothers work is CORRECT?
a. They tend to lag behind academically.
b. They often become delinquents in adolescence.
c. They have more trouble making friends than children whose mothers stay at home.
d. They often benefit from having a positive female role model.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Working Women in Families
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. The invisible barrier that prevents women from receiving promotions and pay equity with men is referred to as the ______.
a. glass door
b. glass ceiling
c. wage maximum
d. gender struggle
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Working Women in Families
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. The term for discriminatory or differential treatment based on gender is ______.
a. gender integration
b. adrogynism
c. sexism
d. ethnocentrism
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sexism
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Which profession includes the LOWEST percentage of women?
a. bus driver
b. doctor
c. dentist
d. airline pilot
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Diversity in Work and Family Life
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Attributing positive qualities to women in order to ensure their inferior status is referred to as ______.
a. androgyny
b. misogyny
c. benevolent sexism
d. benevolent androgyny
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Sexism
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. Which worker is MOST likely to ride a glass escalator to a supervisory position in his or her profession?
a. a male doctor
b. a male nurse
c. a female doctor
d. a female nurse
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Tokenism
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Which group of women has the highest rate of pay equity with men?
a. White women
b. women with children, age 28–37
c. women without children, age 28–37
d. Asian American women
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Wage Penalties for Women
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Which characteristic is NOT likely to be detrimental to a person’s health?
a. internal locus of control
b. external locus of control
c. type A personality
d. over-commitment to work
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Role of Personality in Work Stress
Difficulty Level: Hard
20. The three developed nations with the highest rates of child poverty are ______.
a. France, Germany, and Italy
b. the United Kingdom, France, and Germany
c. Australia, the United Kingdom, and France
d. the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Living in Poverty
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
1. The glass escalator is the practice of hiring or promoting a single woman or person of color in order to suggest a lack of bias in the workplace.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Tokenism
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Tokenism is a hypothetical pathway to the top of the career ladder, which is often “ridden” by men who engage in traditionally feminine careers.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Tokenism
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Members of the LGBT community seldom experience discrimination and lower wages in the workplace and are now, nationally, on par with heterosexual wage earnings.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: LGBT Issues and Work
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. South Africa was the first country to include sexual orientation as a protected category in its constitution.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: LGBT Issues and Work
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. In managerial positions, White managers are considered to be less effective leaders in the workplace than are managers of color.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: African American Experiences With Work and Family
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. In the United States, wealthy families make seven times the income of middle-class families, compared to only 3.4 times in 1984.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Diversity and Social Policies Around the World
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Because of expanding welfare programs, the number of children living in poverty has decreased dramatically in the past 40 years, with fewer in poverty today than in all U.S. history.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Living in Poverty
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Because of the ubiquity of Internet buying, cheap or free shipping, and competition from international companies, many U.S. companies have raised wages by over 20% across the board.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Contemporary Issues
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Today in western nations, there are more women than men in both college and graduate school.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Working Women in Families
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Benevolent sexism means covert words or behaviors that express a denigration of women and ensure their continued inferiority.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sexism
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Men who endorse gender role stereotypes are surprisingly less likely to engage in sexual harassment in the workplace.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Challenges for Working Women of Color
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Many women in companies with token hires in leadership positions are more likely to endorse the belief that if a woman only works hard enough, she can also reach high levels of success in the company.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Tokenism
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Americans work far more than people in other western countries yet we have higher rates of poverty.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Diversity and Social Policies Around the World
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Netflix salaried employees receive 12 months of paid parental leave to take at their discretion.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Family-Friendly Policies
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. Employed women, even those who are married or are parents, have significantly lower sense of personal well-being than those who do not work; and suffer feelings of guilt for working.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Impact of Performing Multiple Roles
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Today, about 80% of companies provide flextime, but many employees are still afraid to use it, for fear of being seen as less serious about their jobs.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Policies That Benefit Families
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
1. Type ______ personality consists of being extremely competitive, driven, and controlling, and more committed to work than to maintaining personal relationships.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Role of Personality in Work Stress
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. A(n) ______ is a world view wherein a person sees events as out of their hands, as being controlled by external forces.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Role of Personality in Work Stress
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. This is a personality style involving a happy, carefree approach to life.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Role of Personality in Work Stress
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. This term means that a person commits the vast majority of mental energy and time to work, to the point of isolating family and friends.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Role of Personality in Work Stress
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. This legislation, often referred to as ______, requires a standard pay scale for people of similar educational levels with similar job responsibilities and experience.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Women and Career Advancement
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. A term that describes a loss of wages or benefits for employees, usually women, who take time off from work to care for children or elderly parents.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Wage Penalties for Women
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. These men also fear taking paternity leave because they might be labeled as being on the ______, meaning they are less committed to work, and might lose respect and opportunities for advancement.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Men in Families and Work
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. ______ model of economic hardship is a model showing that when families experience economic or job stress, it spills over into marital/couple, and parent–child relationships.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Men in Families and Work
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. In general, women are ______ likely to receive a promotion if they work at the same job, have the same education, and the same experience as a man in that job.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sexism
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. ______ is differential or discriminatory treatment of women that is often combative in nature.
Learning Objective: 10-1: Explain the roles of historical and contemporary economic trends in the lives of families. | 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sexism
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. Explain how influences at different levels (biological, microsystem, macrosystem) influence a person’s career choice.
Learning Objective: 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Diversity in Work and Family Life | Diversity and Social Policies Around the World
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Define the family process model of economic hardship and give an example of how it might be manifested in a family.
Learning Objective: 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domains: Analysis. | Comprehension
Answer Location: Overview of Economic Trends
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Do you think that the United States would be more prosperous if we spent more on social welfare programs? Would switching to a social welfare model be beneficial to American competitiveness? Support your answer with examples from the chapter and other sources.
Learning Objective: 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Diversity and Social Policies Around the World
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. What do research findings suggest about the relationship between day care and readiness for kindergarten? What policies might ensure better outcomes for all children?
Learning Objective: 10-2: Discuss how workplace policies can influence people’s physical and mental health. | 10-3: Identify the economic pressures that impact family relationships. | 10-4: Explain how work and family pressures differ for lower and upper socioeconomic status individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Childcare Issues
Difficulty Level: Hard