Chapter 6 Exam Questions Urinary System nan

Medical Language for Modern Health Care, 4e (Allan)

Chapter 6 Urinary System

1) What does the root in the word nephrectomy refer to?

A) Removal of

B) Nephron

C) Kidney

D) Urine

E) Glomerulus

2) A specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the kidney is a(n)

A) cytologist

B) nephrologist

C) urologist

D) histologist

E) renalogist

3) Which of the following terms means removal of metabolic waste?

A) Excretion

B) Filtration

C) Extracorporal

D) Absorption

E) Reabsorption

4) Which of the following is NOT considered a metabolic waste?

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Water

C) Electrolytes

D) Amino acids

E) Nitrogenous compounds

5) The substance that is produced when amino acids are broken down is ________.

6) The hollow sac that holds fluids such as urine or bile is the ________.

7) Which of the following terms is part of the urinary system?

A) Islets of Langerhans

B) McBurney point

C) Fowler's loop

D) Loop of Henle

E) Wilm's collection tubules

8) In the medical term peritubular, what does the prefix mean?

A) Over

B) Within

C) Around

D) Under

E) Small tube

9) What does the suffix in the word nitrogenous mean?

A) Nitrogen

B) One who studies

C) Create

D) Pertaining to

E) Containing

10) The outer layer of an organ is known as the ________.

11) What is the name of the organ located on one side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum and the spleen and lies against the deep muscles of the back?

A) Right kidney

B) Pancreas

C) Ureter

D) Left kidney

E) Gallbladder

12) The plural form of the term cortex is

A) cortices

B) cortexes

C) corteces

D) corti

E) cortises

13) What does the root in the term renal mean?

A) Pertaining to

B) Kidney

C) Nephron

D) Condition

E) Bladder

14) Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

A) Filter blood to eliminate wastes

B) Regulate blood volume

C) Maintain homeostasis

D) Synthesize Vitamin A for cell repair

E) Secrete the hormone erythropoietin

15) What is the medical term for a plexus of capillaries in the nephron?

A) Hilum

B) Loop of Henle

C) Glomerulus

D) Calyx

E) Pelvis

16) Which of the following substances is the end product of nitrogen metabolism?

A) Ammonia

B) Urine

C) Urea

D) Nitrites

E) Nitrates

17) Which of the following vessels carries waste-laden blood to the kidney?

A) Renal artery

B) Renal vein

C) Urethral artery

D) Inferior vena cava

E) Aorta

18) What is the process by which excess water and waste products are removed from the blood?

A) Excretion

B) Absorption

C) Perfusion

D) Filtration

E) Reabsorption

19) What is the medical term for the part of an organ where vessels and nerves enter and leave?

A) Hilum

B) Portal

C) Threshold

D) Terminal

E) Meatus

20) An enzyme secreted by the kidney that causes vasoconstriction is ________.

21) Which of the following terms refers to a tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder and comes from the Greek meaning urinary canal?

A) Meatus

B) Bladder

C) Urethra

D) Ureter

E) Catheter

22) What are the three regions of the kidney?

A) Cortex, medulla, and pelvis

B) Cortex, glomerulus, and hilum

C) Medulla, nephron, and tubules

D) Pelvis, bladder, and urethra

E) Cortex, hilum, and pelvis

23) The filtration unit of the kidney is the

A) pelvis

B) calyx

C) nephron

D) medulla

E) cortex

24) What is the correct spelling of the term that means inflammation of the canal leading from the bladder to the outside?

A) Uretritis

B) Ureteritis

C) Urethritis

D) Uretheritus

E) Urethuritis

25) The external opening of a passage is called a(n)

A) Meatus

B) Urethra

C) Sphincter

D) Calyx

E) Trigone

26) Where are nephrons located?

A) In the cortex

B) In the medulla

C) In the glomerulus

D) In the pelvis

E) In the loop of Henle

27) What is the medical term for the fluid and dissolved substances that are excreted by the kidney?

A) Exudates

B) Filtrate

C) Urine

D) Urea

E) Ammonia

28) What does the root in the term permeable mean?

A) Pertaining to

B) Capable of

C) Process

D) Permanent

E) Pass through

29) What is the term for the funnel-shaped structure in the kidneys that forms into the ureter?

A) Urinary bladder

B) Renal pelvis

C) Nephron

D) Meatus

E) Bowman's capsule

30) What does the suffix in the term urination mean?

A) Process

B) Elimination

C) Waste product

D) Pertaining to

E) Condition

31) Approximately how many capillaries make up each glomerulus?

A) 1000

B) 750

C) 3400

D) 25

E) 50

32) Which of the following terms has two prefixes?

A) Semipermeable

B) Reabsorption

C) Nephrectomy

D) Ammonia

E) Urination

33) Which of the following substances is NOT found in the filtrate that enters the renal tubule?

A) Urea

B) Glucose

C) Electrolytes

D) Plasma proteins

E) Vitamins

34) A small stone is known as a ________.

35) What mechanism is used in the kidneys to regulate blood volume and pressure?

A) Excretion or conservation of urea

B) Filtration of blood

C) Elimination or conservation of water

D) Reabsorption of vitamin D

E) Excretion of plasma proteins

36) Which of the following is the correct spelling of the plural form of the singular term calculus?

A) Calculuses

B) Calculi

C) Calculum

D) Calculae

E) Calculie

37) The prefix in the term extracorporeal means

A) many

B) body

C) around

D) outside

E) pertaining to

38) The name of the muscular tube that carries urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder is the ________.

39) What is the mechanism by which urine is moved downwards toward the urinary bladder?

A) Capillary action

B) Valves along the length of the ureter

C) Muscular peristaltic waves

D) External muscles squeezing the ureters

E) The effects of renin widening the ureter

40) The condition which causes dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces of a kidney is

A) hydronephrosis

B) pyelonephritis

C) wilm's tumor

D) polycystic kidney disease

E) renal adenoma

41) Which of the following minerals contributes to the formation of kidney stones?

A) Calcium chloride

B) Sodium chloride

C) Potassium sorbate

D) Calcium oxalate

E) Sodium hydroxide

42) The three terms that can be used to describe the passage of urine are voiding, urination and ________.

43) Proper pronunciation of the medical term lithotripsy is

A) LITH-a-trip-cee

B) LITH-oh-trip-see

C) Lith-oh-trup-SEE

D) Lith-OH-rip-cee

E) LITH-oh-TRIP-tee

44) Choose the correctly spelled medical term that means the act of passing urine.

A) Micktutrition

B) Mictrition

C) Micturition

D) Mickterition

E) Micterition

45) Of the following abbreviations, which one has no relation to the urinary system?

A) ER

B) CKD

C) UTI

D) CAPD

E) IVP

46) The medical term that means blood in the urine is

A) hemouria

B) polyuria

C) oliguria

D) hematuria

E) dysuria

47) What does the suffix in the term hydronephrosis mean?

A) Water

B) Nephron

C) Condition

D) Pertaining to

E) To remove

48) A therapeutic procedure whereby renal stones are crushed using sound waves is abbreviated as a(n)

A) VCUG

B) CCPD

C) TURP

D) HAART

E) ESWL

49) Which of the following medical terms refers to a surgical incision to remove a stone?

A) Nephrotomy

B) Nephrectomy

C) Lithonephrotomy

D) Lithectomy

E) Nephrolithotomy

50) What does the suffix in the term nephroscope mean?

A) Kidney

B) Nephron

C) To locate

D) Instrument

E) To view

51) The root/combining form in the medical term pyelonephritis means

A) kidney

B) renal pelvis

C) inflammation

D) nephron

E) renal cortex

52) What does the root in the term reflux mean?

A) Waves

B) Fluid

C) Remove

D) Go up and down

E) Flow

53) A medical condition of chronic hypertension can cause what damaging effects on the kidney?

A) The renal artery becomes sclerotic

B) The renal tubules become contorted

C) The renal arterioles become thickened and narrowed

D) Bowman's capsule becomes congested

E) The renal pelvis begins to fill with stones

54) What is the medical term that means characterized by intermittent contractions?

A) Spasmodic

B) Contractile

C) Peristalsis

D) Twitch

E) Acute

55) All of the following are signs or symptoms of kidney failure EXCEPT

A) oliguria

B) hematuria

C) anuria

D) confusion

E) seizures

56) When end-stage renal disease occurs, the kidneys are functioning at less than what percent of normal capacity?

A) 10%

B) 25%

C) 5%

D) 40%

E) 50%

57) In a patient with microscopic hematuria, what would you expect the urine to look like?

A) Bright red color

B) Yellow color

C) Amber color

D) Cloudy

E) Pink-tinged

58) ________ is an artificial method of removing waste materials and excess fluid from the blood in end-stage renal disease.

A) Filtration

B) Dialysis

C) Lavage

D) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

E) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

59) An agent that increases urine output is a(n)

A) antihistamine

B) alpha-blocking agent

C) diuretic

D) corticosteroid

E) antibiotic

60) In the term diuresis, what does the suffix mean?

A) To filter

B) To encourage

C) To pass

D) Urine

E) Abnormal condition

61) What is the meaning of the prefix in the medical term interstitial?

A) Tissue

B) Within

C) Between

D) Alongside of

E) Space

62) What does the suffix in the word nephropathy mean?

A) Disease

B) The study of

C) The examination of

D) Kidney

E) To pass by

63) A glomerular disease characterized by a marked loss of protein in the urine is

A) hydronephrosis

B) wilm's tumor

C) pyelonephritis

D) nephrotic syndrome

E) polycystic kidney disease

64) The diagnostic test in which contrast material is used to assess the blood flow to the kidney is a(n)

A) intravenous pyelogram

B) cystoscopy

C) renal angiogram

D) retrograde pyelogram

E) voiding cystourethrogram

65) In the term nephroblastoma, what does the word element –blast mean?

A) Tumor

B) Expansion

C) Eliminate

D) Remove

E) Embryonic

66) What is the medical term for nitrogenous waste products in the blood?

A) Proteinuria

B) Nitrourea

C) Azotemia

D) Urotoxic

E) Anuria

67) The medical term for scanty urine production is

A) oliguria

B) polyuria

C) anuria

D) hematuria

E) nocturia

68) Choose the correct pronunciation of the medical term uremia.

A) you-REE-mee-ah

B) YOU-reh-meah

C) YOUR-eh-mee-ah

D) your-eh-MEE-ah

E) you-ree- MEE-ah

69) When bacteria invade and multiply in the urinary tract, which of the following can result?

A) UTI

B) PKD

C) ARF

D) CRF

E) STD

70) The physician informed the patient that he had an infection in his urinary bladder. Which of the following diagnoses would you expect to see in the patient's medical record?

A) Urethritis

B) Nephritis

C) Pyelonephritis

D) Cystitis

E) Ureteritis

71) Loss of bladder control resulting from sudden pressure on the lower stomach muscles when coughing, sneezing or laughing is called

A) pressure incontinence

B) urge incontinence

C) stress incontinence

D) overflow incontinence

E) functional incontinence

72) The type of incontinence that results from not being able to get to the toilet in time due to an existing condition that makes moving quickly difficult is called

A) urge incontinence

B) stress incontinence

C) functional incontinence

D) overflow incontinence

E) situational incontinence

73) Kegel exercises strengthen which of the following group of muscles?

A) Lower abdominal

B) Muscles of the pelvic floor

C) Rhomboids

D) Quadriceps femoris

E) Vastus lateralis

74) An enlarged prostate gland can cause

A) urinary incontinence

B) bladder cancer

C) urinary retention

D) pyelonephritis

E) glomerulonephritis

75) What is the primary symptom of transitional cell carcinoma, the most common type of bladder cancer?

A) Pain

B) Nausea

C) Incontinence

D) Hematuria

E) Hematemesis

76) Which of the following is NOT used to diagnose bladder cancer?

A) UA

B) TNM

C) NMP22 Bladder Check

D) IVP

E) Cystoscopy

77) Which of the following is NOT included in a routine urinalysis test?

A) Presence of glucose

B) Presence of ketones

C) Leukocyte esterase

D) Presence of proteins

E) Sedimentation rate

78) Which of the following is NOT a method of urine collection?

A) Random

B) Early morning

C) Catheterization

D) Venipuncture

E) Clean-catch

79) The presence of sugar in the urine is called ________.

80) Which of the following terms meaning to urinate or pass urine is spelled correctly?

A) Voyd

B) Void

C) Voyid

D) Vuyde

E) Voyde

81) Which of the following methods of urine collection would be used to determine the amount of protein being excreted and to estimate the kidneys' filtration ability?

A) Clean-catch, midstream collection

B) Suprapubic transabdominal needle aspiration

C) Early morning collection

D) Twenty-four-hour collection

E) Random collection

82) Of the following diagnostic tests, which one is the most cost-effective method of screening urine?

A) KUB

B) MRI

C) Dipstick

D) UA

E) IVP

83) In the medical term suprapubic, the root word means

A) pubis

B) pertaining to

C) above

D) below

E) condition

84) Why are women more prone than men to develop a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

A) The urethra is longer

B) The urethra opens above the clitoris

C) The urethra opens below the vagina

D) The urethra is shorter and opens to the surface near the anus

E) The urethra is wide

85) Choose the correctly spelled medical term that refers to a therapeutic procedure used to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

A) Kegelle exercises

B) Kegele exercises

C) Keggle exercises

D) Kegel exercises

E) Kegale exercises

86) Choose the correctly spelled medical term that refers to an inflammation of the renal pelvis.

A) Pilitis

B) Pylitis

C) Pyelitis

D) Phylitis

E) Pulitis

87) A patient is scheduled for a laparoscopic nephrectomy. Which of the following statements best describes this procedure?

A) The kidney will repaired through an open abdominal incision

B) The kidney will be removed through an open abdominal incision

C) The kidney will be transplanted through an open abdominal incision

D) The kidney will be removed through several small abdominal incisions

E) The kidney will be biopsied through several small abdominal incisions

88) The plural form of the singular term calyx is

A) calyxes

B) calyces

C) calycus

D) calyci

E) calycices

89) A patient is scheduled to have a KUB and asks the nurse about the test. Which response by the nurse would be most accurate?

A) "The doctor will inject a dye into your veins and then take x-rays of your kidneys."

B) "The doctor will break up your kidney stones using shock waves."

C) "An x-ray will be taken to show your kidneys, ureters and bladder."

D) "A small instrument will be passed through your urethra to visualize your bladder."

E) "A small tube will be placed into your bladder to inject dye into the bladder for x-rays."

90) The medical term used to describe leakage of urine because the need to urinate comes on quickly and one cannot get to the toilet fast enough is called

A) overflow incontinence

B) urge incontinence

C) functional incontinence

D) stress incontinence

E) spasmodic incontinence

91) The medical term that describes an abnormal, involuntary holding of urine in the bladder is

A) overflow incontinence

B) enuresis

C) stress incontinence

D) functional incontinence

E) urinary retention

92) The term to describe a surgical procedure to pull up the bladder and secure it if the pelvic floor muscles are weak is a

A) cystorrhaphy

B) cystopexy

C) cystorrhexis

D) cystoplasty

E) cystotomy

93) A patient complains of difficulty urinating. The medical term for this is

A) pyuria

B) uralgia

C) dysuria

D) maluria

E) urodynia

94) In the term suprapubic, the prefix means

A) below

B) within

C) through

D) above

E) on top of

95) An infection of the kidney and kidney pelvis is called

A) pyelonephritis

B) nephrocystitis

C) nephrocalitis

D) pyelitis

E) glomerulonephritis

96) The medical term that means an absence of urine production is

A) oliguria

B) anuria

C) dysuria

D) urostasis

E) uremia

97) The prefix in the term oliguria means

A) urine condition

B) increased

C) scanty

D) dark

E) lack of

98) The abbreviation for an inherited disease characterized by large, fluid-filled cysts that grow within the kidneys and press against kidney tissue is

A) IVP

B) KUB

C) CRF

D) CAPD

E) PKD

99) The abbreviation for an artificial method of removing waste materials and excess fluid from the blood through an implanted abdominal catheter is

A) ARF

B) CAPD

C) ESRD

D) PKD

E) BUN

100) Mr. Smith, a 55-year-old man, reported a sudden onset of left flank pain. Urinalysis showed a large number of RBCs in the urine. The medical term for this condition is

A) oliguria

B) dysuria

C) hematuria

D) diuresis

E) pyuria

101) Which of the following diseases can develop following a strep throat infection, usually in children?

A) Nephrotic syndrome

B) Interstitial nephritis

C) Polycystic kidney disease

D) Glomerulonephritis

E) Pyelonephritis

102) A condition in which the pelvis and calyces of the kidney are dilated usually as a result of a stone blocking the ureter is called

A) nephrolithiasis

B) nephrosis

C) glomerulonephritis

D) hydronephrosis

E) pyelonephritis

103) The abbreviation for a diagnostic test in which contrast material containing iodine is injected intravenously, and its progress through the urinary tract is recorded on a series of rapid x-ray images is

A) KUB

B) IVP

C) MRI

D) VCUG

E) UA

104) The medical term that means a condition of sugar in the urine is

A) glycosuria

B) glucosuria

C) glycouria

D) lacturia

E) glucouria

105) If a physician wanted to assess the blood flow through a patient's kidneys, which of the following diagnostic tests would be most appropriate to order?

A) Renal angiogram

B) Cystoscopy

C) Retrograde pyelogram

D) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

E) Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

106) A suprapubic transabdominal needle aspiration is done

A) above the navel, through the skin

B) below the navel, within the skin

C) above the symphysis pubis, through the abdominal wall

D) below the symphysis pubis, across the abdominal wall

E) behind the symphysis pubis, through the abdominal wall

107) A patient's kidney disease was labeled as idiopathic. This means that the cause of the patient's kidney disease is

A) medication related

B) hereditary

C) long-standing high blood pressure

D) unknown

E) chronic diabetes

108) You notice the abbreviation UTI in the progress report on a patient's chart. You interpret this to mean that the patient

A) is scheduled for an x-ray of the urinary tract

B) has a cancerous tumor on the kidney

C) has an infection in the urinary tract

D) is scheduled to have a kidney transplant

E) has stones in the renal pelvis and ureter

109) Of the following diagnostic tests, which one is most definitive in diagnosing bladder cancer?

A) MRI

B) CT scan

C) Urinalysis

D) NMP22 BladderChek

E) Cystoscopy with biopsy

110) Checking a urine sample for pH, specific gravity, the presence of protein and sugar are part of a(n)

A) IVP

B) UA

C) SG

D) VCUG

E) KUB

111) The plural form of the singular term hilum is

A) hilums

B) hilae

C) hili

D) hila

E) hiles

112) The root in the term nephrolithiasis means

A) stone

B) kidney

C) condition

D) crush

E) hard

113) The root/combining form in the term extracorporeal means

A) outside

B) body

C) renal cortex

D) glomerulus

E) pertaining to

114) The suffix in the term cystoscopy means

A) bladder

B) to examine with an instrument

C) instrument for viewing

D) surgical excision

E) surgical repair

115) A flexible, hollow soft plastic or rubber tube inserted through the urethra into the bladder to drain and collect urine is called a ________.

116) A patient is scheduled to have a left nephrostomy. This means that the patient will have

A) His left kidney removed

B) An incision made into the kidney to remove a stone

C) An opening made in the kidney

D) His left kidney fixed in place

E) A visual examination of the kidney

117) A diagnostic test in which contrast material is inserted into the bladder through a catheter and x-rays taken as the patient urinates is abbreviated as a(n)

A) KUB

B) IVP

C) MRI

D) CT

E) VCUG

118) Which of the following sets of word elements is used to make a medical term that means pertaining to the kidney?

A) Ren + al

B) Nephr + ia

C) Ren + ia

D) Nephr + eal

E) Nephr + al

119) An inflammation of the tube leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder is called

A) cystitis

B) pyelitis

C) urethritis

D) ureteritis

E) Nephritis

120) All of the following procedures can be used for treating nephrolithiasis EXCEPT

A) Ureteroscopy

B) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

C) ESWL

D) CAPD

E) Open surgery

121) A patient who is exposed to drugs, severe burns, toxins, systemic infections or blood disorders such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) can develop

A) ARF

B) CRF

C) ESRD

D) DIC

E) CAPD

122) The condition whereby small amounts of urine leak from a bladder that is always full as a result of a spinal cord injury or medications is called

A) urinary retention

B) stress incontinence

C) overflow incontinence

D) urge incontinence

E) functional incontinence

123) A patient has diabetic ketoacidosis. One would expect to find which of the following in a UA?

A) protein

B) nitrogen

C) ketones

D) red cells

E) white cells