Chapter 56 Epidemiology Of Hiv Disease Test Bank Answers - Test Bank | Epidemiology of Chronic Disease 2e by Harris by Randall E. Harris. DOCX document preview.

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Chapter 56 Epidemiology Of Hiv Disease Test Bank Answers

Chapter 56. Epidemiology of HIV Disease

TEST BANK

True/False Questions

  1. In 2017, there were approximately 36.9 million people living with HIV/AIDS in the world population.
  2. Over half of HIV-infected children and adults live in sub-Saharan Africa.
  3. Most people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa are men.
  4. The causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma is HIV-1.
  5. Rates of Kaposi sarcoma are similar in U.S. men and women.
  6. In countries with intermediate and high HBV endemicity, the main routes of transmission of HBV are perinatal or in early childhood.
  7. Treatment with Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has been found to reduce morbidity and mortality from HIV.
  8. WHO reported that 1.2 million individuals had HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in 2017, most of whom (~80%) lived in sub-Saharan or Eastern Africa.
  9. In 2017, more than 300,000 deaths were attributed to HIV-tuberculosis infections.
  10. In nations with high rates of HIV-1 infections, the incidence of clinical malaria has increased nearly 30%, and malaria-related mortality has increased more than 100%.

Multiple Choice Questions

  1. HIV can be transmitted from person to person in all of the following except:
    1. blood.
    2. semen.
    3. vaginal fluid.
    4. drinking water.
  2. Approximately how many people die from HIV/AIDS each year?
    1. 1 million
    2. 2 million
    3. 3 million
    4. 4 million
  3. Approximately what percentage of deaths from HIV/AIDS occur in sub-Saharan Africa?
    1. 25%
    2. 50%
    3. 75%
    4. 90%
  4. In the United States, the relative frequency of HIV/AIDS is highest in which ethnic group?
    1. Caucasian Americans
    2. African Americans
    3. Hispanic Americans
    4. Asian Americans
  5. The causative virus of Kaposi sarcoma is:
    1. HIV-1.
    2. HIV-2.
    3. HHV-8.
    4. EBV.
  6. What percentage of HIV/AIDS cases in sub-Saharan Africa are female?
    1. 30%
    2. 40%
    3. 50%
    4. 60%
  7. In endemic regions for HBV and HIV, what percentage of HIV-infected persons are co-infected with HBV?
    1. Less than 10%
    2. 10-20%
    3. 20-30%
    4. More than 30%
  8. Approximately what percentage of HIV-infected persons in the U.S. and Europe are co-infected with HCV?
    1. Less than 10%
    2. 10-20%
    3. 20-30%
    4. More than 30%

Essay Questions

  1. Describe the life cycle of HIV.

    1. Binding and Fusion: HIV begins its life cycle when it binds to a CD4 receptor and one of two co-receptors on the surface of a CD4+ T-lymphocyte. The virus then fuses with the host cell. After fusion, the virus releases RNA, its genetic material, into the host cell.
    2. Reverse Transcription: An HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase converts the single-stranded HIV RNA to double-stranded HIV DNA.
    3. Integration: The newly formed HIV DNA enters the host cell's nucleus, where an HIV enzyme called integrase integrates the HIV DNA within the host cell's DNA. The integrated HIV DNA is called provirus. The provirus may remain inactive for several years, producing few or no new copies of HIV.
    4. Transcription: When the host cell receives a signal to become active, the provirus uses a host enzyme called RNA polymerase to create copies of the HIV genomic material, as well as shorter strands of messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA is used as a blueprint to make long chains of HIV proteins.
    5. Assembly: An HIV enzyme called protease cuts the long chains of HIV proteins into smaller individual proteins. As the smaller HIV proteins come together with copies of HIV's RNA genetic material, a new virus particle is assembled.
    6. Budding: The newly assembled virus “buds” from the host cell. During budding, the new virus incorporates part of the cell's outer envelope. This envelope, which acts as a covering, is studded with protein/sugar combinations called HIV glycoproteins. These HIV glycoproteins are necessary for the virus to bind CD4 and co-receptors. The new copies of HIV can now move on to infect other cells.

  1. Describe the discovery of the AIDS viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2).

  1. Discuss theories of the origin of HIV.

  1. Describe the global burden of HIV/AIDS.

  1. Describe the transmission of HIV.

  1. Describe the impact of HAART on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States and other developed countries.

  1. Characterize the health impact of co-infections with HIV and HHV-8, HBV, HCV, and malaria.

  1. Discuss strategies for the global prevention, control, and treatment of HIV/AIDS.

Document Information

Document Type:
DOCX
Chapter Number:
56
Created Date:
Aug 21, 2025
Chapter Name:
Chapter 56 Epidemiology Of Hiv Disease
Author:
Randall E. Harris

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