Chapter 4 Social Life & Internet Age Verified Test Bank

CHAPTER 4 Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet

CONCEPT MAP

1. What Is Social Interaction and Why Study It?
   1. Focused and Unfocused Interaction
   2. Nonverbal Communication
      1. Face, Gestures, and Emotion
      2. Nonverbal Communication in the Digital Age
   3. Nonhumans in Social Interaction
2. How Do We Manage Impressions in Daily Life?
   1. Social Roles
   2. Front and Back Regions
   3. Impression Management
3. What Rules Guide How We Communicate with Others?
   1. Ethnomethodology
   2. Interactional Vandalism
   3. Response Cries
   4. Personal Space
   5. Eye Contact
4. How Do Time and Space Affect Our Interactions?
   1. Clock Time
   2. The Compulsion of Proximity
5. How Do the Rules of Social Interaction Affect Your Life?
   1. Women and Men in Public
      1. Interaction on the “Digital Street”
   2. Race and the Public Sphere

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The sociologist who contributed to the field of microsociology and emphasized the importance of understanding the seemingly trivial aspects of everyday social behavior was

2. According to Erving Goffman, reality is neither fixed nor static but created through

3. According to Erving Goffman, one of the reasons it is important to study subtle day-to-day interactions is because

4. Two people are standing together in an elevator, but they do not speak to each other or look each other in the eye. Erving Goffman called this type of interaction

5. Civil inattention is defined as

6. What is the definition of agency?

7. Unfocused interaction is when people

8. Trevor takes the subway to and from work. He usually wears his headphones and listens to his music on the subway. He is careful not to bump shoulders with the passengers next to him when he is standing on the crowded train. Trevor engages in ______ on the subway.

9. When Jane arrived at the party, her friend Alyssa came over immediately to say hello. According to Erving Goffman, this is an example of

10. How does our current age of Internet communication complicate Goffman's concepts of focused and unfocused interaction?

11. Encounters always need _______, which indicates that civil inattention is being discarded and focused interaction will begin.

12. Identify which of the following social interactions is focused.

13. The exchange of information about human emotion through facial expressions, gestures, and movements of the body is called

14. Gestures and body postures that are an important part of nonverbal communication are

15. According to the research by Paul Ekman and W. V. Friesen, who developed the Facial Action Coding System, the modes of human emotional expression

16. According to Charles Darwin, basic human emotional expressions

17. If one wanted to show that the relationship between emotions and facial expressions has nothing to do with culture, which research technique would make the most sense?

18. Katrina, who is sixteen years old, would consider it rude for someone to read a book during a conversation. However, she thinks that someone reading and responding to messages on his or her phone is socially acceptable. One reason that young people may find nothing wrong with answering texts during a conversation is that

19. Jane sent her boss an email suggesting that they have a performance review to see whether she was ready for a raise. Her boss replied in an email that Jane was out of line and that she would give her a performance review at the same time as other employees. Face-to-face communication may have helped Jane avoid upsetting her boss by

20. An example of ______ is when humans endow nonhumans with human capacities, making them viable others in social interaction.

21. Alexa, a virtual personal assistant, is an example of

22. According to Erving Goffman, social interaction is like

23. You may be a sibling, a spouse, a student, an employee, and a parent. These are called

24. Another term for status is

25. Socially defined expectations of a person in a given social position are referred to as

26. Arrive to class on time, raise your hand before speaking, turn in assignments on time—these expectations are part of the ______ of students.

27. What do sociologists call the social prestige (high or low) that society accords to a group of people?

28. As a medical doctor, Enrique has the privilege of being called Dr. Chavez. This is because our society gives high ______ to medical doctors.

29. Social positions can be both general and specific. Which of the following is an example of a general social position in American society?

30. Social positions can be both general and specific. Which of the following is an example of a specific social position in American society?

31. The social positions that a person occupies determine that person's

32. A teacher might be quite formal in the classroom but use profanity or substandard speech in the teacher’s lounge. According to Erving Goffman, if students are the “audience,” then the teacher’s lounge would be the teacher’s

33. A student might sit upright in the classroom but engage in “sloppy sitting” in the cafeteria at lunch time. According to Erving Goffman, if the “audience” is the teacher, then the classroom would be the student’s

34. If a CEO wears a suit and tie to a board meeting and later in the day changes into jeans and a T-shirt to attend a football event with friends, he is engaging in

35. Wearing a new dress on a first date is an example of

36. Maria's friend posted an unflattering and unprofessional picture of her on Facebook. Maria was embarrassed and quickly took it down because she is friends with many of her coworkers on Facebook. This is an example of

37. People engage in _______ to reconcile their role in one part of life with their role in another part of their social world.

38. An example of audience segregation is

39. While grocery shopping, you run into your sociology professor. This creates an awkward interaction because you are not used to seeing her outside of class and you are not sure how to behave. The interaction is awkward because it violated (your)

40. To understand a conversation, we need to understand _______, which is why electronic communication, such as email or text messaging, can lead to miscommunication.

41. Ethnomethodology is the study of

42. According to Harold Garfinkel, people use ______ to organize everyday conversations.

43. Harold Garfinkel asked his students to engage a friend or relative in conversation and to insist that casual remarks or general comments be actively pursued to make their meaning precise. The students were asked to engage in what Garfinkel calls

44. Which expression comes closest to being a synonym for “ethnomethodology”?

45. Suppose an employee of a large corporation feels that she is being treated unfairly by the firm but needs the income and does not want her supervisors to be angry with her. To draw negative attention to the firm without risking her own job, she writes a weekly blog harshly criticizing her employers and revealing unflattering information about the firm. This is an example of

46. An example of interactional vandalism in an online setting can be

47. Interactional vandalism is defined as

48. According to the textbook, interactional vandalism is likely to have the effect of

49. According to the definition in your textbook, identify the scenario that would be considered trolling.

50. During a dinner at a fancy restaurant, a young woman knocks over a glass of water as she reaches for the salt. As the water soaks the tablecloth she exclaims, "Oops, sorry!" This is an example of

51. Edward T. Hall identifies how many zones for personal space?

52. According to Edward T. Hall, which zone of personal space is only acceptable during an encounter with your spouse or romantic partner?

53. One difficulty with applying Edward T. Hall's theories of nonverbal communication, including his definition of personal space, is

54. Whites in the United States have been known to look intently at Black people walking past. This staring behavior is most likely

55. According to research cited in your textbook, Asians are more likely than persons from Europe or the United States to regard a person who makes eye contact as

56. Erving Goffman noted that people can present themselves as more tidy and formal by keeping front and guest-accessible rooms clean and nicely furnished. Today, people can use privacy settings on social media sites to limit who can see their posted content. People may also use social media to maintain close friendships with people in other parts of the world. All three of these are examples of

57. Before the Internet and smartphones became standard features of most people's lives in the United States, people mainly relied on phone calls or letters to exchange information with friends, dating partners, and business associates. This earlier context of communication lacked

58. Throughout our day we alternate our activities and where they take place according to what sociologists call

59. Our actions throughout the day are generally organized according to both the time of day and

60. A young woman sleeps from midnight to 5 AM in her apartment bedroom, eats breakfast in her kitchen from 6 to 6:30 AM, works in her law office from 8:30 AM to 5 PM, has dinner with her friends from 5:30 to 7:30 PM, and then returns to her apartment to watch TV. This scenario illustrates the sociological concept of

61. Social life is divided into different settings or zones. These social zones, such as a kitchen and a bedroom, are separated physically but also by

62. In modern societies, large-scale social institutions are organized by , which allows for the precise timing of activities.

63. For what social function are clocks essential?

64. Sociologists Deirdre Boden and Harvey Molotch argue that even with the growth of electronic communication, such as text messaging and email, people have a strong need to interact in each other's presence. They call this concept

65. Lenhart's 2015 study showed that the majority of teens had made new friends through online communication. This ability to establish new relationships without the benefit of face-to-face interaction challenges what Boden and Molotch (1994) called

66. Which of the following is an example of the compulsion of proximity?

67. Sociologist Carol Brooks Gardner linked the face-to-face interactions of women being harassed by men to the larger social system of male privilege in public spaces, women's physical vulnerability, and the omnipresent threat of rape. Her analysis of these interactions shows the importance of linking _______ and _______ to understand social interaction.

68. How do microanalysis and microanalysis intersect when male construction workers direct catcalls at female pedestrians passing a job site?

69. According to urban sociologist Jeffrey Lane in The Digital Street, what was problematic about the use of social media among teenagers in Harlem?

70. According to urban sociologist Jeffrey Lane’s The Digital Street, in Harlem, girls were

71. Elijah Anderson observed and described places where people from different backgrounds got along, as opposed to places where they experienced tense or uncomfortable interactions. As a result of these observations, Anderson coined the term

72. According to Elijah Anderson, Reading Terminal is a place where diverse groups can come together peacefully because the people who go there are "cosmos" (shorthand for cosmopolitan). According to his observations and interpretations, the dynamic that is largely missing from Reading Terminal is

73. In the book Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community (1990), Elijah Anderson noted that studying everyday life sheds light on how social order is created by the building blocks of

74. Dr. Williams studies police and community relations in New York City. She concludes that negative police interactions with black youth are an expression of institutional and structural racism. Which type of analysis did Dr. Williams use?

1. Define civil inattention. Using the example of a crowded public bus, explain how individuals on the bus might engage in civil inattention.

2. Describe a set of hypothetical interactions between two people in a dating relationship, comparing and contrasting the likely interactional components of: (a) a face-to-face conversation; (b) a phone call; (c) a text message exchange. Be sure your answer addresses the role of nonverbal communication, the expression of emotions, and the length and complexity of each interaction. Your answer should be one paragraph in length.

3. Using the example of fans watching a football game at your college stadium, explain how individuals would be engaged in both unfocused and focused interaction with others. Please discuss the appropriate terms Erving Goffman and other sociologists used to analyze such situations.

4. In three to five sentences, explain how technology has altered some of the ways in which individuals communicate their emotions to each other.

5. What is impression management? Give an example of how a college student engages in impression management when interacting with professors.

6. Define interactional vandalism and give an example. Why does interactional vandalism create problems in everyday interaction and conversation?

7. Using the concept of regionalization, explain how time and space have shaped your social activities and interactions in the past twenty-four hours.

8. Define compulsion of proximity. Explain how the increase in electronic communication affects the compulsion of proximity. Use examples.

9. Using an example from your own experience, please explain how our day-to-day social interactions are shaped by gender and racial hierarchies and reinforce those same hierarchies.

10. How has the proliferation of smartphones and the rise of social media changed how boys and girls in low-income urban areas interact? What does the research conducted by urban sociologist Jeffrey Lane suggest?