Chapter 3 Sex Test Bank

Chapter 3: Sex

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 01

1) The idea of “using someone as a mere means” is centrally relevant to which of the following moral theories?a. consequentialism

*b. Kantianism

c. utilitarianism

d. natural law theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 02

2) According to the Humanity formulation of Kant’s principle, we must treat personsa. never as a means.

*b. never as a mere means.

c. in ways that produce the most good for everyone concerned.

d. in ways that serve one’s own best interests.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 03

3) On Kant’s view, it is morally permissible to:a. masturbate.

b. engage in prostitution.

c. engage in consensual sexual activity outside of marriage.

*d. None of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 04

4) Kant argues that because sexual attraction involves seeing another person as the object of one’s appetites,*a. moral relationship with that person becomes impaired.

b. all sexual relations are thereby immoral.

c. it is impossible to treat people in light of their humanity in all circumstances.

d. there is a universal law of attraction.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 05

5) Kant argues that marriage allows spouses to treat each other not as mere means when engaging in sexual activity becausea. God demands that all sexual activity occur in the context of marriage.

b. this will ultimately produce the most happiness for the greatest number of persons.

*c. in marriage two persons equally and reciprocally transfer their whole person to the other.

d. the universal law formulation of the categorical imperative requires that each of us be married.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 06

6) Kant’s humanity formulation of the categorical imperative makes it impermissible for us to, he argues,a. sell one of our teeth.

b. engage in prostitution.

*c. both A and B

d. Neither A nor B

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 07

7) Against Kant’s view of sexual objectification, Papadaki argues that*a. it is not clear how sexual use sacrifices humanity.

b. Kant is wrong to think about the wrong of sexual objectification in terms of humanity.

c. sexual objectification actually enhances humanity.

d. Papadaki actually agrees with Kant’s view

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 08

8) According to Nussbaum, treating someone as an object isa. sufficient for sexual objectification.

b. necessary for sexual objectification.

*c. not necessary for sexual objectification.

d. all of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 09

9) Papadaki argues thata. sexual objectification is not always wrong.

b. sexual objectification involves the total reduction of a person to an object.

c. sexual objectification is not explainable in Kantian terms.

*d. sexual objectification involves the denial of a person’s humanity.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 10

10) Papadaki argues that the narrow view of sexual objectificationa. is correct.

*b. fails to account for cases where there can be unintentional disregard of a person’s humanity.

c. fails to account for cases of benign or positive objectification.

d. none of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 11

11) Dworkin and MacKinnon argue that*a. pornography is morally pernicious because it involves sexual objectification.

b. pornography involves positive or benign sexual objectification.

c. pornography is not sexually objectifying.

d. pornography should be made illegal on Kantian grounds.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 12

12) Papadaki thinks that in cases where partners in a relationship mutually deny each other’s humanity thata. sexual objectification occurs.

b. sexual objectification does not occur.

*c. there is no straightforward answer to the question of whether or not sexual objectification occurs.

d. the context of the relationship will determine whether or not sexual objectification occurred.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 13

13) Corvino considers the following argument: Homosexuals are “born that way”; therefore, homosexual activity is good and natural. Corvino claims that this argument is unsound. Why?a. It ignores the possibility that homosexuality is a lifestyle choice.

*b. It assumes that all innate desires are good ones.

c. It is equivalent to recognizing that homosexuality is unusual.

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 14

14) Which of the following does Corvino take to be a problematic “hidden assumption” of harm arguments against homosexuality?a. If a practice is riskier than the alternatives, then that practice is moral, prudent, or otherwise to be pursued.

*b. If a practice is risker than the alternatives, then that practice is immoral, imprudent, or otherwise to be avoided.

c. If a practice is safer than the alternatives, then that practice is immoral, imprudent, or otherwise to be avoided.

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 15

15) In Corvino’s reading of Aquinas, “unnatural” sexual acts are those that area. deliberately pro-creative.

*b. non-consensual.

c. deliberately non-procreative.

d. uncommonly practiced among adults.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 16

16) The two kinds of anti-homosexuality arguments to which Corvino responds area. naturalness arguments and arguments from fidelity.

b. harm arguments and arguments from divine command.

*c. unnaturalness arguments and harm arguments.

d. naturalness arguments and economic arguments.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 17

17) Corvino thinks that even on the assumption that homosexuality is riskier than celibacy or heterosexuality, it will follow that homosexuality should “always and everywhere be discouraged by reasonable people” only if*a. the risks are worth it.

b. the risks are not worth it.

c. homosexuality is far riskier than celibacy or heterosexuality.

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 18

18) According to Corvino, the “unnaturalness” charge can carry moral weight only if those who level it can do two things:a. (i) explain the harms of anal sex and (ii) establish that all homosexuals will inevitably suffer those harms.

*b. (i) specify exactly what they mean by “unnaturalness” and (ii) explain why unnaturalness (so defined) matters morally.

c. (i) establish that one’s sexual orientation is a matter of choice and (ii) that people who choose homosexuality have an intrinsic desire for self-harm.

d. (i) explain the value of naturalness and (ii) why nothing “unnatural” can be of value.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 19

19) McGregor argues that the serious of rape is not explained by lack of consent alone, but rather,*a. by what consent ranges over: sex, sexuality, and our bodies.

b. by the use of physical violence against our bodies.

c. by the reinforcement of bad norms of conduct about sex and sexuality.

d. none of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 20

20) McGrecgor, following Hampton, argues that the harm of rape involves*a. moral injury.

b. moral morbidity.

c. moral accident.

d. moral delusion.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 21

21) On McGregor’s view, our rights carve outa. what we are free to do.

b. the domain of our community.

*c. the domain of our personal identity.

d. all of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 22

22) The idea of moral injury involvesa. the natural law idea of the doctrine of double effect.

b. the Rossian idea of prima facie duties.

c. the utilitarian idea of greatest good for the greatest number.

*d. the Kantian idea of the equal dignity of all persons.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 23

23) According to McGregor, the expressive harm of rapea. needs to be intentionally inflicted.

*b. does not need to be intentionally inflicted.

c. Both A and B

d. None of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 24

24) More than communicating to an individual, McGregor argues that rapea. reinforces a corrupt legal system.

b. expresses contempt for the democratic system of government.

*c. expresses the inferiority of women as a group to the wider community.

d. reinforces gender roles.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 25

25) According to West, which of the following reasons for a women to engage in sex with her male partner may cause her harm?a. She or her children are economically dependent on her male partner, and so she reasons that she better have sex with him and keep him happy.

b. Her refusal will result in her partner’s being in a foul mood which is more burdensome than having undesired sex.

c. Her refusal might result in a violent outburst.

*d. All of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 26

26) On West’s account, women who engage in undesired sex because of actual or felt dependence on their partner may experience injury to their sense of autonomy because*a. they have neglected to take whatever steps would lead to their self-sustenance.

b. they are dominated by their partners insofar as they are not free to do as they please.

c. they are actually coerced into having sex.

d. none of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 27

27) West posits that one reason that these harms go unnoticed in the U.S. is that people in the U.S.a. are less sensitive to threats from coercion.

b. are in general more sexist than other places.

*c. tend to equate what is legal with what is good or harmless.

d. West actually thinks that people in the U.S. disproportionately recognize these harms.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 28

28) West argues that feminist legal theory has inadvertently led to the under-acknowledgement of the harms of consensual sex becausea. it posits that all sex is rape.

*b. by suggesting that the harm of rape is that it is nonconsensual, it implies that all consensual sex is good.

c. by suggesting that the harm of rape has nothing to do with the victim’s gender, it implies that women are not especially harmed by nonconsensual sex.

d. all of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 29

29) West worries that liberal theory in academia has inadvertently led to the under-acknowledgement of the harms of consensual sex becausea. it is implicitly sexist.

*b. it promotes individualism and valorizes individual choice.

c. it is too left-wing to support a sound gender-based critique of our sex practices.

d. it promotes communitarian thinking to the detriment of individualism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 03 Question 30

30) West argues that feminist rhetoric has*a. obscures the harms of noncoerced, consensual sex by implying that because what is coerced is bad what is noncoerced is good.

b. obscures the harms of rape by equating all sex with nonconsensual sex.

c. by not acknowledging a distinction between what is good and what noncoerced, has led to the acknowledgement of the harms of consensual sex.

d. All of the above

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 01

1) Kant argues that some sexual acts are morally permissible.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 02

2) On Kant’s view, we can never treat a person as a means.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 03

3) According to Kant, sexual acts within marriage are morally permissible because each party to the marriage has given his or her whole person to the other, and so does not use them as a mere means.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 04

4) Kant argues that some sexual acts are immoral because they are contrary to our animal nature.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 05

5) According to Corvino, there is an inherent connection between the origin of homosexual orientation and the moral value of homosexual activity.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 06

6) According to Corvino, if a practice is risker than the alternatives, it follows that that practice is immoral, imprudent, or otherwise to be avoided.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 07

7) Corvino defends a tight connection between the origin of homosexual orientation and the moral value of homosexual activity.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 08

8) Corvino thinks that all innate desires are good ones.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 09

9) Kant’s conception of sexual objectification has nothing in common with the views of MacKinnon and Dworkin.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 10

10) According to Nussbaum, there can be neutral sexual objectification.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 11

11) Papadaki thinks that there is something to Kant’s view about human sexual ethics, even though she disagrees with him.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 12

12) Papadaki argues that objectification occurs when someone is treated as an object in a way that denies or ignores or does not fully acknowledge someone’s humanity.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 13

13) McGregor thinks that the harm of rape only consists in its nonconsensual nature.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 14

14) McGregor denies Hampton’s view of moral injury by defending a subjective account of moral injury.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 15

15) According to McGregor’s view, rape constitutes a moral injury against all women.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 16

16) On McGregor’s view, rape communicates the message that women are inferior to men and is an object to be used by them for sexual pleasure.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 17

17) West argues that since non-consensual sex is always morally bad, consensual sex is always morally good.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 18

18) According to West, feminist rhetoric helps reveal the harms of consensual sex.a. True

*b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 19

19) One of the harms of consensual sex, according to West, is injury to self-possession.*a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 20

20) Since women who are harmed during consensual sex experience injury to—among other things— their autonomy and self-assertion, West argues that these women may lack a sense of self needed to experience these harms as such.*a. True

b. False

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 01

1) Kant understands sexual attraction as an inclination of one person towards another’s _________.a. sex

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 02

2) The humanity formulation of Kant’s categorical imperative says to act that you use humanity, which is in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never as a _________means.a. mere

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 03

3) Kant argues that no sexual acts outside of _________ are morally permissible.a. marriage

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 04

4) According to Kant, homosexual acts are contrary to our _________ nature.a. animal

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 05

5) On Kant’s view, concubinage fails to meet the standard of the humanity formulation of the categorical imperative because it is contrary to _________.a. reason

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 06

6) Corvino considers various possible meanings of “_________” to determine whether they apply to homosexual conduct and to evaluate their moral significance.a. moral value

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 07

7) Corvino focuses on two types of arguments against homosexuality, those that focus on its being harmful and those that focus on its being _________.a. Kantian

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 08

8) Corvino thinks it’s a mistake to assume a tight connection between the origin of homosexual orientation and the _________ of homosexual activity.a. dispositional

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 09

9) MacKinnon and Dworkin argue that the sexual objectification of women stems from _________ inequality.a. gender

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 10

10) According to Papadaki, Nussbaum has a _________ view of sexual objectification.a. broad

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 11

11) Papadaki argues that MacKinnon and Dworkin’s arguments against pornography seem _________ in light of their pessimistic description of reality.a. utopic

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 12

12) On Papadaki’s view, it is possible to objectify someone without _________ to objectify them, that is, without willfully adopting an attitude of disregard to another’s humanity.a. intending

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 13

13) Sexual objectification on Papadaki’s view is always _________.a. negative

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 14

14) McGregor argues that the lack of _________ explains part of the wrong of rape, but not all of it.a. consent

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 15

15) Jean Hampton’s notion of moral injury is _________; it communicates a message to the victim.a. expressive

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 16

16) According to McGregor, moral injury explains the emotional response that women have to the harm of rape, that they are indignant and _________.a. resentful

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 17

17) Moral injury does not _________ degrade a person’s humanity. On the Kantian view, this cannot be done.a. actually

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 18

18) According to the _________ theory of value, no one is worse off after a voluntary exchange; West worries that this makes it hard to see the harms of consensual sex.a. exchange

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 19

19) One kind of harm that might be experienced by women engaging in heterosexual sex is injury to her sense of _________, insofar as she may lie to her partner about her own pleasure.a. integrity

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 03 - Question 20

20) West worries that the dominance of _________ theory in academia further obscures the harms of consensual sex.a. liberal