Chapter 18 Neurocognitive Disorders (Dementia) Exam Prep

Chapter 18: Neurocognitive Disorders (Dementia)

Multiple Choice

1. Jerry is 70 years old. Recently, he has been demonstrating modest cognitive decline in executive functioning, learning, and memory. He has also demonstrated difficulty with way finding and has become increasingly more irritable. However, he has demonstrated no decline in activities of daily living (ADLs) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Which of the following best describes this scenario?

a. Mild neurocognitive disorder

b. Major neurocognitive disorder

c. Alzheimer’s disease

d. Lewy body disease

Topic: DSM-5 Criteria

LO: 18.1

2. Which of the following best describes the etiology of neurocognitive disorders?

a. The neural mechanisms that contribute to Alzheimer’s disease are well known and understood.

b. The onset of vascular neurocognitive disorder is often abrupt and presents with a stepwise progression.

c. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration manifests with disturbances in motor skills.

d. Early symptoms of aphasia is what distinguishes Lewy body disease from Alzheimer’s.

Topic: Subtypes or Etiologies

LO: 18.3

3. Identify the most accurate statement regarding the prevalence, gender, educational, and cultural impact of neurocognitive disorders.

a. As the life span increases there is an increase in the number of individuals who experience dementia.

b. Individuals with higher educational status have a higher incidence of young onset dementia, impacting their income status.

c. African Americans have the lowest prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease.

d. Prevalence of dementia is higher in males compared with females.

Topic: Prevalence, Gender, Educational, and Cultural Impact

LO: 18.4 & 18.5

4. Which of the following is most reflective of the impact of neurocognitive disorders on occupations?

a. Activities of daily living (ADL) challenges typically present in the early stages of dementia.

b. Individuals decrease engagement in leisure activities that require higher levels of cognitive skills.

c. Concerns about instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) performance tends to be the impetus for cognitive evaluation.

d. Work tends to be the most challenging occupation in the early stages of dementia.

Topic: Impact on Occupational Performance

LO: 18.6

5. Which of the following reflects the most accurate contribution an occupational therapy practitioner can make to the interdisciplinary team when working with someone diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder?

a. Identify external resources available to support the individual or his or her family.

b. Administer cognitive screens to monitor cognitive decline.

c. Identify the impact of cognitive decline on daily functioning.

d. Assist the family in adjusting to the diagnosis.

Topic: Medical and Interdisciplinary Management

LO: 18.7

6. Occupational therapy practitioners can modify tasks and environments based on an individual’s cognitive level to maximize strengths and enable doing. Which intervention approach does this best represent?

a. Home environment skill building program

b. Cognitive disabilities

c. Errorless learning

d. Augmentative and alternative communication

Topic: Interventions

LO: 18.8

7. Which of the following best describes the use of medications such as Aricept or Exelon for individuals with neurocognitive disorders?

a. They stop the progression of these disorders.

b. They slow the progression of these disorders.

c. They control agitation and aggression related to these disorders.

d. These medications may enhance thinking, memory, and communication.

Topic: Medication

LO: 18.9

Note: For the following questions, choose the option that BEST answers each question.

8. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), a key diagnostic criteria for major neurocognitive disorders is_________.

a. Altered mood and changes in behavior, such as agitation or depression

b. Cognitive decline from previous level of performance interfering with daily activities

c. Loss of memory with decreased face recognition or prosopagnosia

d. Delirium or other mental disorder along with behavioral change

Topic: DSM-5 Criteria

9. Neurocognitive disorders can stem from a variety of etiologies including _________.

a. Vascular disorders and HIV

b. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorders

c. Obesity and metabolic syndrome

d. Hearing loss or macular degeneration

Topic: Subtypes or Etiologies

10. Which of the following statements are true in regard to neurocognitive disorders?

a. Many are reversible when the cause is resolved or eliminated.

b. Unlike traumatic brain injury, a static disorder, most neurocognitive disorders are progressive and eventually lead to death.

c. Depression and delirium are difficult if not impossible to distinguish from dementia.

d. Personal history is a minor piece and laboratory tests are a major piece of the comprehensive medical evaluation.

Topic: Course

11. Charlie demonstrated rapid onset of symptoms of dementia with disinhibition, irrational judgment, impulsiveness, and social discord. His symptoms are indicative of _____________.

a. Alzheimer’s disease

b. Vascular dementia

c. Lewy body disease

d. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Topic: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

12. Best practice occupational therapy for persons with neurocognitive disorder includes ____________.

a. Direct service to the client in a clinical setting

b. Family-centered models with service directed at the needs of both the client and caregiver

c. Referral to home health to complete IADLs and ADLs

d. Restoration of physical condition by strengthening muscles to ensure upright stability

Topic: Medical and Interdisciplinary Management

13. The focus of occupational therapy intervention to promote occupational performance is balancing ____________.

a. New learning with habits from long-term memory

b. Amount of service with type of service in the short term

c. Family needs against client needs and preferences

d. Cognitive capacity and activity demands and external supports

Topic: Intervention