Chapter 14 Patterns, Processes, And Foreign Full Test Bank

Test Bank

Chapter 14: Patterns, Processes, and Foreign Policymaking

Multiple Choice

1. Contending with a complex world was made easier by ______.

a. American leadership

b. the clarity of the threat context

c. the crisis atmosphere

d. the broad Cold War consensus

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. During the period in which the consensus was ______, debate in the U.S.US tended to be more about ______.

a. strongest; narrow policy tactics

b. strongest; broader strategy or purposes

c. weakest; narrow policy tactics

d. weakest; broader strategy or purposes

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The consensus generated substantial societal support for a/an ______ policy orientation.

a. isolationist

b. internationalist

c. nationalist

d. protectionist

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. During the Cold War, power became increasingly concentrated within the ______.

a. White House and national security bureaucracy

b. Congress and White House

c. foreign policy establishment and political groups

d. political groups and media

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which of the following cracked the clarity and consensus of the Cold War context?

a. the Bay of Pigs fiasco

b. the Cuban Missile Crisis

c. the Vietnam War

d. the Korean War

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The Cold War ended in ______.

a. 1971

b. 1983

c. 1989

d. 1991

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Which of the following factors affected the post-Cold War politics and processes of U.S.US foreign policymaking?

a. increased interest in world affairs on the part of many Americans

b. multiplying interest, voices, and agendas

c. a decrease in the importance of economics and issues of prosperity and economic security

d. an increased emphasis on national security

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The ambiguity in the threat-interest-cost equation intensified the tendency in the American public toward ______ concerning international involvement.

a. sureness

b. consistency

c. acceptance

d. ambivalence

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Which of the following raised the stakes for domestic interests?

a. isolationism

b. independence

c. globalization

d. protectionism

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The political environment that has prevailed since Vietnam has been ______.

a. fragmented and pluralist

b. centralized and unitarist

c. disjointed and centralized

d. decentralized and unitarist

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of the following governmental players has the ability to set the agenda and seize the initiative, mobilize opinion, and force the legislature to react?

a. the White House

b. the foreign policy bureaucracy

c. the media

d. Congress

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Context of Foreign Policy Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following governmental players is in a position to shape the formulation of policy by performing much of the generation and consideration of policy alternatives?

a. the media

b. foreign policy bureaucracy

c. Congress

d. the White House

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Context of Foreign Policy Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. What is the primary role of the foreign policy bureaucracy?

a. agenda setting

b. evaluation

c. formulation

d. implementation

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Context of Foreign Policy Leadership

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Hierarchy, specialization, and routinization are the central characteristics of ______.

a. the White House

b. Congress

c. the foreign policy bureaucracy

d. interest groups

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Context of Foreign Policy Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Congress is limited by which of the following structural characteristics?

a. hierarchy

b. centralization

c. segmentation of information

d. routinization

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Context of Foreign Policy Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Which of the following governmental players has access to potentially potent avenues of influence?

a. Congress

b. interest groups

c. the White House

d. the foreign policy bureaucracy

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Context of Foreign Policy Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Which of the following governmental players has the power of the purse?

a. the White House

b. interest groups

c. Congress

d. the foreign policy bureaucracy

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Context of Foreign Policy Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The complex politics of U.S.US foreign policy ______.

a. speeds up the process and makes it easier to produce policy

b. ensures politicization and the need for bargaining, persuasion, and compromise

c. it makes stalemate difficult

d. it does not allow for conflict and contradictory actions

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conclusion: The Future of U.S.US Foreign Policymaking

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which of the following reduced the gap between foreign and domestic policy?

a. expanding interdependence

b. routinization

c. dissensus

d. declining intermestic issues

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conclusion: The Future of U.S.US Foreign Policymaking

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. ______ is based on the premise that some foreign policy is made and conducted primarily in the mid to lower levels of the executive branch.

a. White House leadership

b. Congressional leadership

c. Bureaucratic leadership

d. Interbranch politics

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Context of Foreign Policy Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. ______ is based on the premise that the avenues of influence afforded by the Constitution, the law, and practice give ______ their own opportunities to shape foreign policy.

a. Congressional leadership; Congress

b. White House leadership; high-level officials

c. Bureaucratic leaderships; bureaucrats

d. Interbranch politics; all three governmental circles

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Context of Foreign Policy Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Which of the following strains sometimes satisfies no group completely and contains inherent contradictions?

a. cooperation

b. constructive compromise

c. institutional competition

d. confrontation and stalemate

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Context of Foreign Policy Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. According to the authors, since Vietnam, the conditions and incentives for interbranch politics have ______.

a. significantly decreased

b. substantially increased

c. declined

d. remained the same

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interbranch Politics

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The nature and extent of ______ is highly conditional on public opinion, the nature of the policy process, converging or diverging policy preferences, etc.

a. congressional leadership

b. White House leadership

c. bureaucratic leadership

d. interbranch politics

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interbranch Politics

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. In general, members of Congress have ______.

a. have been less deferential to the White House in foreign policy after the Cold War

b. have less opportunities to affect foreign policy since the end of the Cold War

c. had more opportunities to affect foreign policy during the Cold War

d. have been more deferential to the White House in foreign policy during the Cold War

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Congressional Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. ______ is likely to be rare for the life of a policy.

a. White House leadership

b. Bureaucratic leadership

c. Congressional leadership

d. Interbranch politics

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Congressional Leadership

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. ______ can force policy adjustments, stalemate, and wider institutional action.

a. The White House

b. Bureaucracies

c. Congress

d. Interest groups

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Congressional Leadership

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Which of the following types of leadership is most common when the attention of the other two leaderships is the least?

a. bureaucratic leadership

b. congressional leadership

c. White House leadership

d. interbranch politics

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Bureaucratic Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Incrementalism and fragmentation are classic characteristics of ______.

a. congressional leadership

b. interbranch politics

c. bureaucratic leadership

d. White House leadership

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Bureaucratic Leadership

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Which of the following is an example of a policy instrument?

a. centralization

b. diplomacy

c. crisis

d. fragmentation

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: White House Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Which of the following can “enhance ofr detract from White House leadership”?

a. presidential style and management

b. nature of presidential advisors

c. politics

d. presidential life cycle

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: White House Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. According to the authors, which of the following presidential actions are more susceptible to influence by Congress?

a. diplomacy

b. executive agreements

c. trade agreements

d. some aspects of military action

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: White House Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. The White House plays a vital role in ______.

a. implementation

b. formulation

c. agenda-setting

d. evaluation

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: White House Leadership

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Which of the following president roles is considered to be less formal than the others?

a. chief diplomat

b. commander-in-chief

c. chief executive

d. chief communicator

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: White House Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Which of the following roles is considered to be more formal than the others?

a. chief communicator

b. chief legislator

c. chief diplomat

d. chief lobbyist

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: White House Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. The commonly held view that presidents make foreign policy in the United States is a gross oversimplification.

Learning Objective: 14-1: Reflect on key questions about the politics of US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The Shifting Leadership and Politics framework recognizes the complex and messy politics of the U.S.US foreign policy process.

Learning Objective: 14-1: Reflect on key questions about the politics of US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The Cold War context really fostered White House-dominated foreign policy and processes.

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. When it comes to politics of U.S.US foreign policy, what seems to exist, is a post-Cold War consensus.

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conclusion: The Future of U.S.US Foreign Policymaking

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Consensus has become a rare commodity since the Vietnam War.

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conclusion: The Future of U.S.US Foreign Policymaking

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Identify the most important pattern of the past seventy 70 years or so.

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What was the common theme across all of the chapters?

Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the patterns and politics of US foreign policy since World War II.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Politics and Patterns

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What are some examples of congressional signaling?

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Congressional Leadership

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How do members of Congress exert influence through non-legislative or other less-direct means?

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Congressional Leadership

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. The nature and extent of interbranch politics is highly conditional on what factors?

Learning Objective: 14-3: Identify the shifting patterns of policy leadership in US foreign policy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interbranch Politics

Difficulty Level: Medium