Chapter 14 Health Communication Test Bank

CHAPTER 14

HEALTH COMMUNICATION

1. In the healthcare world, adverse events are ____________.
   1. unintended injuries or suffering caused by healthcare mismanagement *
   2. a patient’s excessive suffering beyond the doctor’s ability to control
   3. natural disasters that cause health problems
   4. mysterious events outside a doctor’s field of knowledge
   5. very rare

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. __________ occur when physicians and patients interact virtually instead of face-to-face?
   1. E-check ups
   2. E-valuations
   3. Cyber-checks
   4. E-visits *
   5. Digital discussions

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication and the Internet

1. Your brother-in-law is sick in bed, so you make trips to the pharmacy for him and help him bathe himself, offering ________.
   1. an intervention
   2. nurturing support
   3. action-facilitating support *
   4. support grouping
   5. familial support

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. Your brother-in-law is sick in bed and getting pretty depressed about it, so you give him daily pep talks on how much better things will be when he’s back on his feet, offering ________.
   1. an intervention
   2. nurturing support *
   3. action-facilitating support
   4. support grouping
   5. familial support

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. America’s leading cause of avoidable surgical errors is ___________.
   1. communication breakdown *
   2. adverse events
   3. lack of training
   4. the nocebo effect
   5. incompetent surgeons

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. Of the following health issues, which causes the greatest number of deaths?
   1. AIDS
   2. Breast cancer
   3. Wind turbine syndrome
   4. Shingles
   5. Adverse events *

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. One advantage on online support groups is that they allow, ____________; that is, resources and information can be digitally stored and saved, making them accessible to all involved at any time.
   1. instant messaging
   2. fluid information exchange *
   3. the use of video chat
   4. instant prescription writing
   5. easy data storage

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. _____ are people who compulsively search online for information about real or imagined symptoms of illness.
   1. Cyber-enthusiasts
   2. Cyber doctors
   3. Cyberchondriacs *
   4. Web MDs
   5. Digital doctors

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication and the Internet

1. _________ is the delivery of health services via Internet video.
   1. Telemedicine *
   2. Virtual Doctoring
   3. Videohealth
   4. Cyber service
   5. Skype service

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication and the Internet

1. To ensure good health communication, most states’ Medicaid offices prepare their health-care materials at the ________ level of reading comprehension.
   1. 1st-2nd grade
   2. 3rd grade
   3. 4th-6th grade *
   4. 7th-9th grade
   5. high school

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Your doctor is quite brusque; you’re in and out of her office in three minutes. The talk at visits sound something like, “This is good, this is bad, this needs fixing, this is what you have to do, see you next time. Next!” You and your physician have _______ relationship.
   1. a machine-and-mechanics *
   2. a child-parent
   3. an action-facilitating
   4. a nurturing
   5. a peripheral

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Your sister’s doctor is quite sweet, but a bit condescending. Office visits don’t take very long and they’re full of head and knee patting that tells your sister to stay quiet, know her place, and do what the doctor says. She and her physician have _______ relationship.
   1. a machine-and-mechanics
   2. a child-parent *
   3. an action-facilitating
   4. a nurturing
   5. a peripheral

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. The Department of Health and Human Services’ Healthy People 2020 set 13 health communication objectives divided into four broad areas: improved provider-patient communication, improved communication between friends, family, and others, improved use of the Internet and other digital communication technologies, and improved ________.
   1. pricing and delivery of information relating to prescription drugs
   2. physician-staff communication
   3. performance of health campaigns designed to promote good health and increase awareness of disease *
   4. web access to official Department of Health and Human Services databases
   5. Internet access for all to aid in self-diagnosis and treatment

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Communication and a Long and Healthy Life

1. Your doctor says your Mom suffered a myocardial infarction; why couldn’t she just say she had a heart attack? She’s a good doctor, but in cases like this, she uses too much __________.
2. technical jargon *
3. semantic jargon
4. magisterial communication
5. communicable disease talk
6. scare talk

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Power distance between providers and clients _____________.
2. often improves their communication
3. is rarely felt between a doctor and a patient
4. often results in reluctance by the patient to talk openly with the doctor *
5. often results in patients’ willingness to talk openly with the doctor
6. is increasing in today’s world of health care

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Over the past few years, the time doctors spend with their patients has ________.
2. Increased *
3. decreased
4. stayed the same
5. been overwhelmed by too much data
6. been hampered by too little data

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Early exposure to _________has been linked to diabetes, obesity, poor school performance, and sedentary behavior.
2. wind turbines
3. adverse events
4. television *
5. over-the-counter cold remedies
6. school meals

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. The Sorry Works Coalition calls for _________ in the case of a medical error.
2. admittance of guilt *
3. defending the physician’s actions
4. immediate intervention by outside regulators
5. immediate intervention by outside investigators
6. patients getting lawyers if there is a problem

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Among the advantages of face-to-face support groups is __________.
2. ease of scheduling
3. access to nonverbal support *
4. members have constant access to other members when needed
5. there are few opportunities for informal social time
6. assurance of anonymity

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. Richie had never before experienced pain when getting his shots. But this time, when he went to the doctor’s office, the new nurse told him it would feel like a bee sting and he howled with pain when the needle pricked his skin. Poor Richie is experiencing ______.
   1. the nocebo effect *
   2. the placebo effect
   3. falsified language tactics
   4. communicated infractions
   5. an adverse effect

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Kaiser’s Four Habits model includes the requirement to______________.
   1. demonstrate the power of persuasion
   2. clearly establish the power-distance relationship up front
   3. talk to family and friends for a clearer picture of the illness
   4. elicit the patient’s perspective *
   5. be prepared to say “Sorry”

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Liam needed to have surgery to reconstruct the airways of his nose, but his face is now paralyzed after the surgeon hit a nerve. This is an example of ___________.
   1. the nocebo effect
   2. amenable mortality
   3. patient activation
   4. dyspepsia
   5. an adverse event *

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. The single largest cause of medical error is ___________and communication breakdown occurs.
   1. when clients fail to understand their doctors’ instructions
   2. when medical instructions are written at too high a level of reading comprehension
   3. when a patient is passed off between medical staff members *
   4. when friends and family offer information contrary to that provided by the doctor
   5. when dyspepsia is ignored by hospital staff

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. One idea for making provider-client interactions more effective is to boost health care providers’ _______, their ability to acknowledge, absorb, interpret, and act on the stories and plights told to them by their clients.
   1. nonverbal immediacy
   2. listening ability
   3. narrative competence *
   4. interpersonal competence
   5. face-to-face competence

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Whenever Marcie feels the slightest pain she searches the Internet for hours trying to identify the disease that is plaguing her. She once mistook a headache for a brain tumor because Dr. Google told her so. Marcie is a __________.
   1. Cyberchondriac *
   2. recividist
   3. safe-surfer
   4. digital diagnose
   5. digital doctor

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Health Communication and the Internet

1. The Centers for Disease Control created the ___________________ program in order to ensure the accuracy of health information used in television programs and films and to help with their health-related plotlines.
   1. Health & Media Accuracy
   2. TV Education
   3. The More You Know
   4. Hollywood, Health & Society *
   5. Media & Medicine

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. Hannah watches a TV show called Model Material in which young women who wear a size 2 and under are critiqued and then compete to be the next top model in the country. This show can be considered a _________
   1. public health program
   2. source of useful health advice
   3. thinness depicting and promoting program *
   4. direct-to-consumer-advertising program
   5. piece of health communication content

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. ____________ die sooner and experience higher rates of disease and injury than people living in any other high-income country.
   1. Europeans
   2. South Americans
   3. Canadians
   4. Americans *
   5. Italians

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Communication and a Long and Healthy Life

1. The United States has a higher rate of _____________, deaths that could potentially have been prevented by timely access to appropriate health care, than many other wealthy nations like France, Germany, and Great Britain.
   1. amenable mortality *
   2. adverse events
   3. cyberchrondria
   4. recrudescence
   5. dyspepsia

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Communication and a Long and Healthy Life

1. Many Americans are deficient in ________, the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.
   1. health communication
   2. health literacy *
   3. communicable knowledge
   4. nurturing support
   5. digital awareness

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Communication and a Long and Healthy Life

1. The process of using engaging media stories to immerse viewers into their plots, have them perceived as realistic, and encourage those viewers to identify with characters to produce beneficial health attitudes and behaviors is ___________ theory.
   1. social cognitive
   2. narrative persuasion *
   3. cultivation
   4. elaboration likelihood
   5. normative

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. Professionals at all levels of the health care system are working to grant patients greater involvement in and control over their health and well-being services and practices, hoping to boost ___________.
   1. nurturing support
   2. action-facilitating support
   3. the placebo effect
   4. patient activation *
   5. the speed of health-care delivery

Bloom’s: Understanding

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. A _________ spells out specific treatment instructions for end-of-life care and becomes a formal part of a patient’s medical record.
   1. Doctor’s Directive at Death
   2. Primary Care in Time of Crisis Directive
   3. Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment *
   4. Living Testament of Lifesaving
   5. Patient’s Personal Protection Plan

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. The definition of family in contemporary health care practice is __________.
   1. biologically related individuals
   2. individuals related either by biology or marriage
   3. those with direct financial interest in the patient’s care
   4. whomever the patient wants to include as family *
   5. defined by the relevant state and local ordinances

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. The two major factors contributing to poor hospital staff communication are the deference nurses and other staff typically pay to surgeons and _____________
   1. the complexity of many routine hospital activities *
   2. the exceedingly rapid rate at which most hospital functions must be carried out
   3. poor training of lower-level technical personnel
   4. time lost to conforming to onerous government regulations
   5. time and money pressures inherent in for-profit hospitals

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. Wind turbine syndrome is an example of a ___________, an imagined disease that spreads because people talk about it.
   1. cyberchrondria
   2. communicable disease
   3. communicated disease *
   4. nocebo
   5. placebo

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. Health communication campaigns such as the anti-smoking I Learned It by Watching You! and Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk generally have one of two goals, to raise awareness of important health issues and to _______________.
   1. help reduce health-care costs by encouraging self-diagnosis
   2. change individuals’ health behaviors and attitudes *
   3. meet minimum government standards of health information
   4. fulfill broadcasters’ licensing obligations
   5. help encourage greater interaction between providers and now-informed patients

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Campaigns

1. The premise of the ________is that there are features of entertainment media that facilitate involvement with characters that can lead to story-consistent attitudes and behaviors by overcoming various forms of resistance to health advice.
   1. entertainment overcoming resistance model *
   2. Four Habits theory
   3. social cognitive theory
   4. elaboration likelihood model
   5. you see/you do theory

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. The Health Belief Model argues that there are six main perceptions influencing people’s decisions about whether to take action to prevent, screen for, and control illness. Among them is their perception of __________.
   1. the cost of taking action
   2. their susceptibility to the condition *
   3. the availability of family and friend support
   4. the Internet’s support of their self-diagnosis
   5. the level of their doctor’s support

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Campaigns

1. You have seen all the posters around campus telling you to eat healthier. You know you should and you know that there is a tendency toward high blood pressure in your family, so a good diet is a smart choice. But you just can’t adopt the kind of diet this campaign suggests because it’s tough to eat well on a student’s lowly income. The Health Belief Model would argue that you failed to adopt the healthy behavior because of your perception of ____________.
   1. your susceptibility to the illness
   2. the barriers to action *
   3. a lack of an external cue to action
   4. your ability to garner support from friends
   5. the level of their doctor’s support

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Health Communication Campaigns

1. You have seen all the posters around campus telling you to eat healthier but they just don’t move you to action. Yes, you are aware that there is a tendency toward high blood pressure in your family, but you are in good health and get plenty of exercise so you’ll be OK. The Health Belief Model would argue that you failed to adopt the healthy behavior because of your perception of ____________.
   1. your susceptibility to the illness *
   2. the barriers to action
   3. a lack of an external cue to action
   4. your ability to successfully perform the action
   5. the level of their doctor’s support

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Health Communication Campaigns

1. The E in SPEAK UP, the national campaign urging patients to become more active in their interactions with medical professionals, stands for _________.
   1. get Energized
   2. seek Expertise
   3. Educate yourself *
   4. Erase doubt
   5. Ease into conversation

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. The entertainment overcoming resistance model argues that viewers become deeply engaged in health-oriented storylines rather than in their immediate environments and experience vicarious cognitive and emotional responses to the narrative as it unfolds. This phenomenon is called _________.
   1. involvement *
   2. immersion
   3. suspension of disbelief
   4. the health window
   5. seeing is believing

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. There are only two countries in the world that legally allow direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising, the United States and ____________.
   1. Canada
   2. Australia
   3. Great Britain
   4. New Zealand *
   5. Italy

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. Yes, direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising may inform patients, but, say its critics, __________________.
   1. only for the financial benefit of the drug manufacturers
   2. it reduces the stigma of certain diseases
   3. it encourages patient compliance
   4. it empowers patients
   5. does not do so adequately *

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Health Communication Context

1. Narrative persuasion theory asserts that people are transported into media stories, focusing their attention and mental processing on what’s happening on the screen before them. Because they see ________ between themselves and the characters and therefore develop ______ with them they are less likely to become aware of any possible persuasive attempts embedded in the story.
   1. similarity/empathy *
   2. differences/empathy
   3. similarity/suspicion
   4. an attachment/empathy
   5. an attachment/suspicion

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. Even though the United States spends more on health care than any other nation in the world, _______________.
   1. American hospitals are less profitable than those in other countries
   2. Americans die sooner than people living in other high-income countries *
   3. that amount still accounts for less than $5,000 per person
   4. its citizens are still susceptible to communicated diseases
   5. its citizens are more health-literate than those of any other country

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Communication and a Long and Healthy Life

1. Health and communication researchers have demonstrated that Americans’ unhealthy behaviors can be modified through ___________ and larger, mass-mediated public health efforts.
   1. targeted government intervention
   2. better health literacy in the early school years
   3. effective interpersonal communication *
   4. better nurse-surgeon interaction
   5. more health literacy

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Communication and a Long and Healthy Life

1. Among the problems that accompany the many benefits of using the Internet for information about health are the loss of privacy, misinformation, and ________.
   1. disruption of the traditional power balance between providers and their clients *
   2. loss of income for traditional providers, forcing scale backs in service
   3. the spread of communicable diseases
   4. the nocebo effect
   5. a rise in the frequency of dyspepsia

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Doctors’ use of highly technical jargon, even though it is often inappropriate for talking with patients, becomes their natural language because _________.
   1. it helps maintain the traditional doctor-patient power distance
   2. it reinforces their position as all-knowing
   3. it is reinforced through interaction with other health-care professionals *
   4. why else would they have gone to medical school
   5. an important part of doing any job is playing the role

Bloom’s: Remembering

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

SHORT ANSWER

1. Identify and describe the four “habits” proscribed by Kaiser Permanente’s Four Habits model. What health communication problem are they designed to combat?

Main theme: Although providers are spending more time with clients, the amount and sophistication of information that must be communicated creates a time crunch that must be met.

Answer must have: Correct identification and explanation of 4 habits: invest in the beginning of the visit and build rapport; elicit the patient's perspective; demonstrate empathy; and involve patients at the end of the visit in designing a treatment plan. Must show recognition that program was designed to deal with the provider-client time crunch through communication training, specifically in the art of the interview.

Answer may have: Mention of other provider-client interpersonal communication problems like power distance and jargon.

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Considering provider-patient interpersonal communication, differentiate between the machine-and-mechanics relationship and the child-parent relationship. Give an example of each.

Main theme: The magisterial-physician posture of many doctors produces an imbalance in provider-patient interactions that plays out in two ways, in a machine-and-mechanics relationship or a child-parent relationship.

Answer must have: Accurate rendition of the two relationships: physicians are experts who diagnose and fix the problem; the doctor is dominant, all-knowing and the patient is submissive and reliant. Examples must fit descriptions.

Answer may have: Mention of other provider-client interpersonal communication problems like power distance and jargon or the Four Habits program.

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Mass media play a role in the realities we see. This is certainly true in television and film’s portrayal of the health profession. How do the media typically represent the health profession? Do they present an accurate picture? If they don’t, what is ignored or left out?

Main theme: Media cannot mirror the reality of health care because that reality is simply too big. So what they reflect is a “fun house mirror” version of reality. Some things appear bigger than they really are; some things appear smaller; and some things disappear altogether.

Answer must have: Recognition that although the medical world is the source of a huge amount of media content, but it is largely hospital-based, with technology and medical experts featured at the expense of primary care. Family care, preventative care, and community health rarely appear. Doctors are always present; nurses not so much.

Answer may have: Mention of entertainment media campaigns designed to improve health literacy, narrative persuasion theory, EORM.

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. One of the factors interfering with successful provider-patient interpersonal communication is fear of malpractice law suits. Is this fear misplaced, and if it is not, what are some proposed strategies for overcoming this impediment to successful meaning making?

Main theme: Malpractice lawsuits are costly to those physicians in money, emotional well-being, and germane to this question, the future willingness to interact openly with patients.

Answer must have: Recognition that these lawsuits are indeed a problem and inclusion of all or most of the proposed solutions: better interpersonal communication reduces the risk of law suits and disclosure-and-apology is more effective than defend-and-deny.

Answer may have: Mention of other provider-client interpersonal communication problems like power distance and jargon or the Four Habits program.

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Despite the Internet’s many advantages for improving health literacy, it comes with a number of disadvantages. List and describe three and give its counterbalancing advantage.

Main theme: The Internet and social networking sites have become primary sources of health-care information.

Answer must have: Accurate listing and description of 3 problems—privacy of personal health data; misinformation; disruption of traditional provider-patient relationship—and countervailing advantages—provider access to wealth of accurate data; wealth of accurate information; empowered, educated patients.

Answer may have: Mention of technology’s double edge, cyberchondria, or communicated diseases.

A-head: Communication and a Long and Healthy Life

ESSAY

1. Two reasons that provider-patient interpersonal communication is often problematic is the power distance between providers and clients and the reluctance this produces on the part of clients to speak up. How does the way that doctors and practitioners communicate affect or lead to these problems? How have some patients been empowered to reverse these effects and what are some other solutions that may facilitate better communication?

Main theme: Not only are physicians much respected in our culture for their level of education, skill, and devotion to helping, but when we are ill or otherwise in need, that elevated status is magnified because clients are, indeed, reliant on their power.

Answer must have: Answers will vary, but there should be recognition of existence but weakening of the traditional power distance between doctor and patient; possible mention of machine-and-mechanics relationship and child-parent relationship; nocebo effect; end-of-life conversations; and time pressures because of difficulty explaining sophisticated treatment options.

Answer may have: Mention of ameliorating impact of technology or other provider-client interpersonal communication problems.

A-head: Health Communication in Provider-Client Settings

1. Entertainment media have contributed to health literacy and behavior. Yet, there is evidence that entertainment media can also encourage unhealthy behavior. In what ways have they been demonstrated to do so? What are examples of unhealthy behaviors that have resulted? Can entertainment media also facilitate healthy behavior? If so, how? Use examples.

Main theme: Entertainment media’s contribution to health knowledge and behavior goes beyond perceptions of doctors and hospitals. There is much contemporary science demonstrating that entertainment media can encourage unhealthy behavior.

Answer must have: Acknowledgement of all or most of the text-identified problems: media violence and risk-taking behaviors; screen smoking and real-life tobacco use; alcohol ads and teen drinking; thinness depicting and promoting media and distorted body image; children’s screen use and sedentary behavior and related problems. Solutions, such as CDC/Hollywood partnership must be mentioned as well, with discussion of narrative persuasion theory and EORM.

Answer may have: Mention of media effects theories like cultivation and social cognitive theory.

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. Family and friends clearly affect health and well-being. Detail the health benefits of those relationships and discuss some contemporary efforts to maximize their value. Give examples.

Main theme: Recognizing the value of significant others in maintaining good health and in times of need brought on by illness or accident, an important contemporary health communication objective is increasing the number of people who have friends or family with whom they talk about their health.

Answer must have: Answers will vary, but there should be recognition of fact that family is who patient says it is; different forms of support; family councils; and changes to hospital culture.

Answer may have: Mention of support groups or end-of-life interaction with staff.

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. Only two countries in the world, including the US, allow direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising (DTCA), so most of the world obviously sees it as problematic. What do you think? Detail its supposed benefits and supposed drawbacks and then take a stand; should the practice be allowed? Defend your answer.

Main theme: The typical American television viewer sees as many as nine prescription drug ads a day, totaling 16 hours per year, far exceeding the amount of time spent with a primary care physician. The practice is not only controversial; many people consider it unethical.

Answer must have: Answers will vary, but there should be a relatively robust listing of plusses and minuses and mention of possible ethical problems. Student must take a position and reasonably defend it.

Answer may have: Commentary on empowered clients and value of technology.

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Health Communication Contexts

1. The Health Belief Model argues that six main constructs influence people’s decisions about whether to take action to prevent, screen for, and control illness. People, it says, will act if they….. Finish this explanation. In other words, what are those six constructs and how do they combine to move people toward taking more control over their personal health and well-being?

Main theme: The question of why some people fail to respond to public health campaigns can be answered by the Health Belief Model that, at its root, argues that people’s beliefs about how susceptible they are to a disease, coupled with their perceptions of the benefits associated with trying to avoid it, influence their willingness to act.

Answer must have: Correct listing and description of 6 constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to action, self-efficacy. Explanation of how they interact must be accurate.

Answer may have: Mention of health campaigns or relationship between self-efficacy and empowered clients.

Bloom’s: Analyzing

A-head: Health Communication Campaigns