Chapter 13 Drinking And Alcoholism Complete Test Bank

CHAPTER TWELVE: DRINKING AND ALCOHOLISM

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following groups of people have experienced a great increase in problem drinking in recent years?

a) women

b) college students

c) college professors

d) elderly people

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 332

2. Which of the following statements about drinking in America is FALSE?

a) Overall, Americans drink more today than before.

b) Alcohol is the most widely used of all psychoactive drugs.

c) The abuse of alcohol is the most widespread of all drug abuses.

d) The overwhelming majority of Americans do not have problems with drinking.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 332-333

3. Approximately __________ percent of Americans are alcoholics.

a) 1

b) 6

c) 19

d) 25

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 332

4. Which of the following statements is NOT a myth about alcohol abuse?

a) Most alcoholics are homeless, skid-row bums.

b) Mixing different kinds of alcoholic drinks can make a person drunk faster.

c) Drinking only beer is unlikely to make one an alcoholic.

d) A drinker may find it more difficult to perform sexually after several drinks.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 333

5. Which of the following is an effect of alcohol on sexual performance?

a) Drinking enhances overall sexual performance.

b) Drinking especially helps middle-age men sustain an erection.

c) Drinking makes a person feel less inhibited sexually.

d) Sex becomes more exciting after several drinks.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 333

6. The popular belief that drinking causes immoral behavior

a) leads many people away from drinking.

b) affects old people only.

c) tends to become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

d) causes people to drink wine only.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 334

7. Which of the following statements about the long-term effects of drinking is TRUE?

a) Light drinkers live longer than complete abstainers.

b) Heavy drinkers live longer than the light drinkers.

c) Abstainers are the healthiest persons because they do not drink at all.

d) Even light drinkers can develop dangerous alcohol-related diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver and cardiomyopathy.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 335-336

8. All of the following are diseases caused by heavy drinking, EXCEPT for

a) cirrhosis of the liver.

b) cardiomyopathy.

c) alcoholic myopathy.

d) alcoholic personality.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 335-336

9. Which of the following is a social consequence of alcohol abuse?

a) higher death rates

b) alcoholic myopathy

c) a loss of sexual performance

d) higher rates of criminal offenses

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 336

10. Alcohol is implicated in almost __________ of all violent crimes.

a) one-tenth

b) one-quarter

c) one-half

d) almost all

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 336

11. Which of the following statements about drinking and gender is NOT true?

a) Drinking is characteristically a male activity.

b) Drinking and drunkenness are more socially acceptable for males than for females.

c) More college women today are experiencing drinking problems.

d) Although men drink more than women, they are far less likely to get into trouble with drinking.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 337-338

12. Which of the following American ethnic groups has the highest rate of alcoholism?

a) Latinos

b) Irish Americans

c) African Americans

d) Italians

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 338

13. Irish culture

a) accepts heavy drinking as normal.

b) denounces heavy drinking, but cannot do much about heavy drinking.

c) is no longer an important influence on the behavior of Irish people.

d) is not as important as the Church in controlling drinking behavior.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 339

14. Italian and Chinese Americans

a) drink a lot and therefore have one of the highest rates of alcoholism.

b) have one of the lowest rates of alcoholism.

c) compete with the Irish for the heaviest drinking.

d) use drinking as a means to drown their sorrows and problems of life.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 339

15. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the Chinese drinking culture?

a) drinking during family ceremonies

b) drinking during religious celebrations

c) looking at drunkenness with contempt

d) considering drunkenness as funny or comical

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 339

16. In what ethnic group do persons begin the practice of moderate drinking in childhood but view getting drunk as foreign to their culture?

1. Chinese
2. Southern Pentecostal
3. Jewish
4. Irish

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 340-341

17. What drinking pattern would be more typical of the higher socioeconomic levels?

a) drinking as a part of deeply rooted cultural practices

b) drinking to avoid the pain of family breakdown

c) drinking as a way of exploiting women

d) drinking as a facilitator of social interaction

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 340

18. The region that has the lowest alcohol consumption in the United States is the

a) Midwestern states.

b) Pacific Coast states.

c) Middle Atlantic states.

d) Southern states.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 341

19. Southerners who drink

a) have the lowest alcohol consumption in the United States.

b) have higher rates of alcoholism and alcohol-related problems than those in other areas.

c) have lower rates of alcoholism than their counterparts in the Northeast and West.

d) are more likely to belong to a religious organization.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 341

20. Which of the following statements about the definition of alcoholism is FALSE?

a) There is no universally accepted definition of alcoholism.

b) Alcoholics can be identified on the basis of certain problems that they have as a result of drinking.

c) Alcoholism is a clearly defined and understood disease.

d) Alcoholism involves a compulsion to drink, causing damage to one’s self and others.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 342-343

21. Jane goes to a bar after work several nights a week to seek relief from job tensions. She is in the __________ stage of becoming an alcoholic.

a) first, prealcoholic

b) second, crucial

c) middle, crucial

d) final, chronic

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 344

22. The major characteristic of the final, chronic stage of alcoholism is when a person

a) must have at least one drink every day.

b) engages in a set of drinking sprees for days.

c) begins to have blackouts after several drinks.

d) hides drinking from others.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 345-346

23. Which of the following statements about college binge drinking is NOT true?

a) A large majority of college students are serious binge drinkers.

b) Binge drinkers are more likely to run into trouble with the police and have academic problems.

c) Binge drinkers cause secondhand effects on others, such as losing sleep or being insulted.

d) Many college students abstain from alcohol.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 345-347

24. How did the raising of the drinking age from 18 to 21 lead to more problems with drinking?

a) Students learned to drink more excessively from their professors and others.

b) Drinking took place more in the open, leading to more binge drinking.

c) Students grew angry at the new law and began to drink in defiance.

d) Drinking was driven underground, where it could more easily lead to binge drinking.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 346

25. All of the following are factors that lie behind college binge drinking, EXCEPT for

a) social pressure to get drunk and fit in.

b) the stress from having to work hard for good grades.

c) the presence of music and books that support binge drinking.

d) the adoption of a party-centered lifestyle.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 346-347

26. One reason why more women drink today is

a) their heavy drinking has come out of the closet.

b) their increased power and freedom.

c) their adoption of moderate drinking norms.

d) their falling under the influence of male drinkers.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 347

27. Jane is an alcoholic. Her experiences are different from those of male alcoholics because she

a) receives less serious treatment by doctors and therapists.

b) drinks more on the job.

c) comes from a family with little history of alcoholism.

d) became an alcoholic before her husband developed a drinking problem.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 347-348

28. One problem with saying that alcoholism is related to nutritional deficiencies, metabolic dysfunctions, or malfunctions of the central nervous system is that researchers cannot determine whether these problems are

a) the cause or the effect of alcohol.

b) physically or psychologically caused.

c) the result of social factors.

d) actually problems to begin with.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 349

29. Which of the following is NOT one of the recent biological and genetic discoveries that might link alcoholism to preexisting genetic factors?

a) The flushing response is absent among alcoholics.

b) Persons with the A1 gene might be more vulnerable to alcoholism.

c) If an identical twin is alcoholic, the chances of the other identical twin becoming alcoholic are relatively high.

d) If a fraternal twin is alcoholic, the chances of the other fraternal twin becoming alcoholic are significantly higher.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 349-350

30. Joe had a serious drinking problem and visited a psychologist for several months. The psychologist discovered that Joe had an unfilled need for dependency that alcohol helped to cover. From a psychological perspective, Joe

a) does not have a support group to help him with drinking problems.

b) suffers from alcoholic depression.

c) belongs to an ethnic group that encourages drinking to solve problems.

d) has an “alcoholic personality.”

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 349-350

31. According to psychologist David McClelland, the need for __________ is the driving force behind alcoholism.

a) dependency

b) sex

c) respect

d) power

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 350

32. According to the social-psychological theory, the unique factor that turns individuals into alcoholics is the fit between vulnerable personality traits and

a) certain drinking-group values and activities.

b) the need for power.

c) genetic predispositions.

d) a breakdown in early religious training.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 350-351

33. When an individual with a vulnerable drinking personality joins a drinking group, that group’s beliefs support more drinking. Which of the following is NOT one of the drinking group’s beliefs?

a) drinking as a sign of virility

b) drinking as a sign of masculine prowess

c) drinking should not get out of hand

d) being able to hold one’s liquor

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 351-352

34. According to the sociologist Robert Bales, several factors work together to produce high rates of alcoholism. Which of the following is one of those factors?

a) psychological vulnerability to alcoholism

b) a culturally induced attitude toward drinking as a way of relieving inner tensions

c) providing suitable substitute means other than drinking for resolving inner tensions

d) a culturally induced attitude toward drinking as a way of celebrating happy occasions

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 352

35. In coping with culturally induced stress, Jews are likely to turn to eating and Muslims to strong coffee or hashish instead of drinking. This is because they

a) lack experience with using alcohol to deal with stress.

b) have been provided with culturally approved alternatives to the use of alcohol.

c) have no genetic predispositions toward drinking in their culture.

d) follow religions that prohibit all forms of drinking.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 353

36. The Prohibition Movement of the 1920s originated mostly from

a) religious beliefs about the evils of alcohol.

b) a reform movement for helping the urban working class.

c) an attempt to control the powerless segments of society.

d) reform ideas brought to America by Irish and German immigrants.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 353

37. Which of the following is NOT a legal effort undertaken to control or ban drinking?

a) the establishment of Alcoholics Anonymous

b) President Clinton’s sin tax on hard liquor

c) MADD’s and SADD’s attempts to change the drunk driver’s law

d) raising the minimum drinking age to 21

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 353-355

38. Peter has a serious drinking problem and is seeking psychological counseling and therapy. Today, where might he go to receive this form of help?

a) the local jail

b) Alcoholics Anonymous

c) a church, mosque, or synagogue

c) a community-based alcohol treatment center

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 355

39. Which of the following is part of the treatment program of Alcoholics Anonymous?

a) requiring members to admit that they are alcoholics and powerless over liquor

b) encouraging members to develop a rugged individualistic approach to drinking

c) encouraging members to maintain a moderate drinking pattern

d) urging members to seek psychotherapy

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 356

40. Many new groups have developed an approach to alcoholism that is somewhat different from AA. Which of the following is part of a new group’s approach?

a) a need to depend on the group to stay away from alcohol

b) a belief that alcoholics can never really be cured of the disease of drinking

c) seeing alcoholism as bad behavior that can be changed

d) an extensive use of drugs to take the place of alcohol to deal with stress

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 356-357

41. “Binge drinking” is a problem among _____________.

a) women

b) college students

c) college professors

d) elderly people

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 335-337

42. Men are __________ times likely to become alcoholics compared to women.

a) two

b) three

c) four

d) five

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 307

True/False Questions

1. One myth about alcohol use is that most alcoholics are homeless and skid-row bums.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 333

2. Alcohol reduces a drinker’s sensorimotor skill but not moral competence.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 334

3. The same amount of alcohol has the same intoxicating effect on people of different sizes and weights.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 334-335

4. Although they consume more alcohol than women, men are NOT more likely to become alcoholic.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 337

5. Drinkers are more likely to be males, young, and liberal Protestants.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 337-341

6. Perhaps because of their drinking culture, Irish-Americans manage to have a relatively low rate of alcoholism.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 339

7. There are proportionally more problem drinkers and alcoholics from the lower classes than from other classes.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 340-341

8. Residents of cities and suburbs are about as likely as those of rural areas and small towns to drink.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 341

9. In Jellinek’s view, the prospective alcoholic begins as a social drinker.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 344

10. Persons who are in the psychologically addicted state of alcoholism cannot stop drinking even if they are determined to do so.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 344

11. One result of raising the drinking age from 18 to 21 was to move drinking underground, where it could lead to binge drinking.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 345-346

12. One reason more women drink today is because of more depression and frustration over their unequal status in American society.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 347

13. Some reasons that doctors have regarded alcoholism as a disease are nutritional deficiencies and genetic factors.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 349

14. According to sociologists, alcoholism develops from a social situation where psychologically vulnerable persons are pressured by drinking companions to drink heavily.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 351-352

15. Sociologists argue that, while culture can shape drinking patterns, alcoholism is due to personal problems and deficits.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 352

16. Prohibition refers to the constitutional amendment that prohibited the sale of alcohol in the 1920s and early 1930s and failed to achieve its goal.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 353

17. Moving the drinking age to 21 has decreased car crashes and saved thousands of lives.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 354

18. Psychiatrists and psychologists have been far more effective in treating alcoholism than have organized groups of alcoholics and ex-alcoholics themselves.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 354-355

19. The largest and most successful organization for helping alcoholics is AA.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 355

20. Some newer groups of therapists argue that alcoholics can maintain a moderate, controlled pattern of drinking.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 356

21. Most alcoholics are homeless and skid-row bums.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 332-333

22. Alcohol reduces a person’s moral competence.

True

False

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 334

23. The effects of alcohol vary according to a person’s size and weight.

True

False

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 334-335

Fill-In Questions

1. _______ drinking is the consuming of five or more drinks at one sitting and is a problem on college campuses.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 332

2. One important consequence of drinking is __________, such as public drunkenness, disorderly conduct, and vagrancy.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 336

3. The increased power and freedom __________ enjoy has led to more drinking today.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 337

4. According to the social-psychological approach to alcoholism, psychologically vulnerable individuals and their drinking __________ come together to generate a force that causes them to become alcoholics.

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 351

5. The largest and most successful organization for helping alcoholics is __________.

Difficulty: 1

Page Reference: 355

Essay Questions

1. Summarize and comment on the social consequences of alcohol. What are those consequences, and why are they so severe?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 336-337

2. How do some people become alcoholics? What are the stages through which a drinker progresses, and which one is the most crucial?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 344-345

3. Analyze either female alcoholism or college binge drinking. In what ways does your choice represent a unique pattern of drinking problems? What are the causes of female or college alcohol abuse?

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 345-348

4. Compare and contrast the genetic and social explanations of alcoholism. How does each approach locate the cause of the problem? Which one seems more convincing?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 349-353

5. Evaluate some of the strategies used to control alcohol abuse. What are the approaches, and how have they worked?

Difficulty: 3

Page Reference: 352-356

6. Why did Prohibition fail?

Difficulty: 2

Page Reference: 353-354