Ch15 Underprivileged Deviance Test Bank - Deviant Behavior 11th Edition Test Bank with Answer Key by Alex Thio. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: UNDERPRIVILEGED DEVIANCE
Multiple Choice Questions
1. All of the following are characteristics of underprivileged deviance EXCEPT that it is
a) always highly profitable.
b) usually done by persons who are poor and powerless.
c) more liable to be punished severely.
d) widely seen as disreputable.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 393-394
2. As a property crime, robbery
a) entails the use of violence against the victim.
b) is basically similar to murder or rape.
c) is a relatively rational, calculated act.
d) requires little decision making.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 394
3. Most robbers are primarily interested in
a) fame.
b) money.
c) thrills.
d) power.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 394-395
4. When robbers consider the selection of a target, they consider how lucrative an establishment is and
a) the personality of the potential victim.
b) the fame gained from the robbery.
c) the risk of arrest.
d) who to frame for the job.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 394
5. The majority of robberies are
a) carefully planned and executed.
b) unsuccessful.
c) entirely unplanned.
d) over-planned but unsuccessful.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 394-395
6. The use of actual violence is more likely in a(n) __________ robbery.
- armed
- unarmed
- profitable
- nighttime
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 395
7. The author of the text feels that the most important aspect of robbery as a violent crime is the
a) rejection of violence.
b) thrill of violence.
c) actual use of violence.
d) potential for violence.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 395-396
8. In his study of robbery, Conklin discovered that a gun serves
a) as a subtle method for most robbers to satisfy their psychological need to dominate others.
b) as simply a means for most robbers to take away victims' money.
c) both expressive and instrumental functions for most robbers.
d) to increase the probability of killing or hurting others.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 395-396
9. All of the following are reasons a weapon can help robbers accomplish their goal efficiently, EXCEPT
a) enhancing the robbers' sense of manhood.
b) creating a buffer zone between the offender and the victim.
c) intimidating the victim.
d) helping ensure an escape.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 395-396
10. Today, most robbery is likely to be
a) intraracial.
b) interracial.
c) unarmed.
d) the robbery of a bank.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 397
11. Which of the following statements about the patterns of robbery is NOT true?
a) Robbery occurs most frequently in the cold winter months.
b) Most robberies take place outdoor.
c) Most robberies result in large amounts of stolen money.
d) Most robberies today are armed.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 396-397
12. According to Conklin's study, the opportunist robber
a) is probably the least common type of robber.
b) shows deep commitment to robbery.
c) frequently plans and commits robbery.
d) usually mugs or shoplifts.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 397-398
13. What type of robber is most likely to get caught?
a) addict robbers
b) alcoholic robbers
c) professional robbers
d) opportunist robbers
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 397-398
14. Which of the following is a characteristic of a professional robber?
a) a profound sense of guilt
b) a disrespect for authority
c) a tendency to see their crime as an honest enterprise
d) frequent arguing and conflict in their families
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 399
15. In Conklin's view, the robbers of today
a) are very much like the robbers of the 1930s.
b) tend to commit robbery more as a crime of passion.
c) are likely to commit robbery out of a sense of relative deprivation.
d) find the risks of crime much greater than before.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 399
16. According to studies by Leroy Gould, robbery rates tend to increase during times of
a) economic abundance.
b) economic depression.
c) absolute deprivation.
d) cutbacks in police and government services.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 399-400
17. The most significant property crime is
a) shoplifting.
b) bank robbery.
c) mugging.
d) auto theft.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 400
18. What has become a major concern with auto thefts in the 1990s?
a) the use of violence
b) joyriding
c) stealing a car to commit another crime
d) the number of auto thieves arrested
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 401
19. All of the following are reasons for the great upsurge in auto thefts, EXCEPT for
a) inadequate law enforcement.
b) a desire to use violence against the wealthy.
c) abundant opportunities for stealing cars.
d) increased profitability of stolen cars.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 401
20. The car jacking type of auto theft has increased because of
a) thrill seeking.
b) a greater need among the youth for respect from their peers.
c) the increased sophistication of car security devices.
d) racial friction.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 401-402
21. What time is a burglary most likely to occur?
- 10-11 p.m.
- 4-5 a.m.
- 5-7 p.m.
- 9-11 a.m.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 402
22. To ensure the house they break into is empty, most burglars will use a variety of tricks. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
a) checking the water meter
b) leaving a card in the door
c) making repeated telephone calls
d) posing as a sales person
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 402-403
23. The primary motivation for burglary is
a) subsistence needs.
b) the thrill of entering a home.
c) expressive needs.
d) to demonstrate technical skills.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 402-403
24. The opportunity for committing burglary largely stems from
a) the increased desperation of burglars.
b) the frequent absence of capable guardians.
c) the naive trust of many homeowners who leave their doors open.
d) television, which teaches burglary ideology and skills.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 403
25. To avoid frightening away their patrons, store owners euphemistically refer to shoplifting as
a) burglary.
b) shrinkage.
c) rip-offs.
d) robbery.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 403
26. About __________ percent of American stores' total merchandise is shoplifted.
a) 2
b) 12
c) 22
d) 32
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 403-404
27. Which of the following is NOT part of the social profile of shoplifters?
a) They are professionals or boosters.
b) They are usually young.
c) They are more usually men.
d) They are more likely to be poor.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 403-404
28. According to the text, all of the following are motivations for teenagers to shoplift, EXCEPT for
a) real economic needs for food and shelter.
b) a sense of thrill.
c) a need for acceptance by peers.
d) rationalizing the theft as not serious.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 403-404
29. One of the major reasons why many young people shoplift is
a) a sense of thrill or fun.
b) a feeling of relative deprivation.
c) growing up in a family of professional shoplifters.
d) addiction to drugs.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 404
30. Participants in organized crime in American society are
a) engaged in truly deviant behavior.
b) almost as numerous as participants in organized crime activities in Russia.
c) trying to achieve the American dream.
d) largely repressed by the FBI and the police.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 405
31. Which of the following criminal activities is most typical of organized crime groups other than those of Italian-Americans?
a) specialization in one or two forms of economic deviance
b) street crimes, including the sale of drugs
c) corporate crimes such as price fixing
d) political crime such as illegal wire taps
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 406
32. The two basic characteristics of organized crime are a well-defined hierarchy of positions and
a) the routine use of violence.
b) taking unusual risks to make money.
c) a strict code of conduct.
d) exclusive members of persons of Italian descent.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 376
33. Which of the following is part of organized crime's code of conduct?
a) loyalty to other members of the group
b) a willingness to act in extreme ways
c) membership in the Catholic religion
d) sophisticated dress and life-style
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 405-406
34. Taking over businesses and hiring professional arsonists to burn buildings and their contents, and operating a record and tape business to make counterfeit albums are examples of the organized crime activity of
a) labor racketeering.
b) corruption of public officials.
c) organized theft.
d) infiltrating legitimate business.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 407
35. The history of ethnic succession in organized crime suggests that an ethnic gang has to go through several stages before it can attain supremacy. Which of the following is NOT one of those stages?
a) Common street criminals get together to extort or otherwise victimize residents of their own neighborhood.
b) The intervention and sponsorship of one group by another, more successful ethnic organized crime group.
c) Different gangs are compelled to compete with one another in dominating the crime scene.
d) Gangs resolve their conflict by forming a larger crime organization that allocates turfs to gangs and settles intergang disputes through peaceful means.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 407-409
36. According to the author of the text, African American, Asian, and Hispanic gangs seem to be stuck in the __________ stage of ethnic succession in organized crime.
a) first
b) second
c) third
d) fourth
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 407-409
37. In Japan, the Yakuza gangs are
a) all but eliminated from Japanese society.
b) largely in control of the government.
c) involved in legal organizations.
d) separated from the larger society.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 410
38. The text points out that the current unleashing of criminal talents in the early stages of Russian capitalism
a) closely resembles the growth of capitalism in America.
b) shows the impact of severe social disorder.
c) reveals deep defects in the Russian national character.
d) has led to more bribery and ruthless behavior than in any other capitalist country.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 381
39. The main reason why it is impossible to stamp out organized crime is because
a) they have corrupted the police too extensively.
b) the government laws are too weak.
c) the public will always create a demand for vices.
d) there will always be immigrants who are willing to engage in illegal activities.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 410
40. ____________ is the primary motivation for most robbers.
a) Fame.
b) Money.
c) Thrills.
d) Power.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 394
41. Apprehension is most likely to which of the following robbers?
a) addict robbers
b) alcoholic robbers
c) professional robbers
d) opportunist robbers
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 398
42. Which of the following is the most significant property crime?
a) shoplifting.
b) bank robbery.
c) mugging.
d) auto theft.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 400
True/False Questions
1. Most sociologists consider robbery more of a violent crime than a property crime.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 394
2. Most robbers express their need for money as their primary motive for committing the crime.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 394
3. Professional robbers are as likely as amateur robbers to commit the crime on the spur of the moment.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 394-395
4. Actual violence is more likely to occur in armed robbery than in unarmed robbery.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 395
5. Conklin discovered that most robbers use firearms to create a buffer zone between them and their victims and to help ensure escape.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 395
6. The type of robbers who get arrested most often are alcoholic robbers.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 397-398
7. The professional robber is committed to the crime of robbery, but it is seldom profitable because it carries too much risk.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 397-398
8. The addict robber characteristically resorts to physical violence when committing a robbery.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 398
9. According to relative deprivation theory of robbery, robbery is caused by feelings of frustration from failing to realize heightened expectations in the lower classes.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 399
10. Gould's theory of robbery tried to explain the high rates of property crime in times of economic scarcity and the low rates in times of abundance.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 399-400
11. The most significant property crime is auto theft.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 400
12. One reason why so many opportunities for stealing a car exist is because of inadequate law-enforcement.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 400-401
13. Few burglars carefully check on whether a house is empty because such attempts would alert residents and the police to the planning of a burglary.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 402-403
14. Snitches are professional criminals who shoplift for profit.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 403-404
15. Many young shoplifters commit the offense not because of real economic need but because of desire to buy designer clothes.
True
False
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 403-404
16. Organized crime is unique to contemporary American society: it could not be found in any other society.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 405-410
17. Most traditional organized crime groups are informal, egalitarian, and somewhat volatile.
True
False
Difficult: 1
Page Reference: 409
18. According to the text, the rise of organized crime is tied to its function as an avenue for ambitious members of the lower classes, especially poor immigrants.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 410
19. The Yakuza are the many organized crime groups in Japan that have been outlawed by the government.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 410
20. The text concludes that, despite successes, the government will never be able to stamp out organized crime.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 409-410
21. Most professional robbers consider their work legitimate.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 397-398
22. Like robbers, burglars confront their victims.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 397
23. The need for money is the primary motivation for robbers.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 365
24. Most robberies are well planned and organized.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 396-397
25. Violence is more likely to occur in unarmed robbery.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 395
26. Robberies tend to occur more in the rural areas.
True
False
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 396-397
Fill-In Questions
1. The __________ robber is the most likely to get caught.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 398
2. __________ is the most significant kind of property crime.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 400-401
3. _____________ is the word commercial stores use to refer to goods that have been shoplifted.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 403-404
4. _____________ succession refers to the movement of recent immigrant groups into organized crime activity.
Difficulty: 2
Page-Reference: 405-407
5. Fifty crime organizations found in Hong Kong are called the __________ .
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference:410
6. There is more violence involved in __________ compared to armed robberies.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 395-396
7. _______________ robbers consider their work as a legitimate profession.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 397-398
Essay Questions
1. Compare robbery as a property crime to robbery as a violent crime. Is robbery more of an attempt to gain money, as the author asserts, or a form of violence, as stated by the police? Why?
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 394-400
2. Compare and contrast professional robbery and one of the forms of amateur robbery. How are they the same and different in terms of motive, planning, value of stolen items, and success?
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 397-398
3. Analyze some of the reasons why auto theft and carjacking have increased so dramatically? What has pushed these types of robbery to new heights? How might this type of property crime be better controlled?
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 400-401
4. Analyze ways American society encourages the crime of shoplifting. That is, how do commercial establishments, malls, and other places seem to encourage this type of theft? Why is this so?
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 403-405
5. What are some of the causes of organized crime? Are they functional responses to American capitalist society or part of an ethnic conspiracy? How so?
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 405-410
6. Discuss the correlation between poverty and violent crime.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 399-400
7. Why are the Italians more powerful than African and Asian Americans in the context of organized crime in the United States?
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 407-409
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Deviant Behavior 11th Edition Test Bank with Answer Key
By Alex Thio