Chapter 10 Complex Experimental Designs Verified Test Bank

Chapter 10

Test Bank

1. Which of the following is a reason a researcher may design an experiment with more than two levels of an independent variable?A. A design with only two levels of one independent variable cannot provide much information about the exact form of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.B. An experimental design with only two levels of the independent variable can only detect curvilinear relationships between the independent and dependent variables.C. When there are only two levels of an independent variable, the relationship between the independent and dependent variables cannot be described with a straight line.D. An experiment with only two levels of one independent variable always tends to show that there is a positive relationship between the independent and dependent variables.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Number of Independent Variables2. In order to find a curvilinear relationship, a researcher needs to useA. more than one dependent variable.B. factorial designs.C. three or more levels of the independent variable.D. a mixed factorial design.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Levels of Independent Variables3. A problem with designing an experiment with only two levels of the independent variable is thatA. only one dependent variable can be used with this design.B. this design is more susceptible to confounding factors than other designs.C. curvilinear relationships between variables cannot be detected.D. the results cannot be generalized.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Levels of Independent Variables4. A researcher attempts to study the effect of fear arousal on attitude change. One group experiences no fear while the other group experiences a very high level of fear. Results show no difference in the amount of attitude change in the two groups. Which of the following should have been used in the research?A. a stronger manipulation of fearB. a single level of the independent variableC. a third group with a moderate level of fearD. a less reliable measure of attitude changeAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Levels of Independent Variables5. If a researcher thinks that a nonmonotonic relationship may exist between two variables, the researcher needs toA. have a stronger manipulation of the dependent variable.B. include more than two levels of the independent variable.C. manipulate two or more independent variables.D. measure more than one dependent variable.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Levels of Independent Variables6. A factorial design involvesA. using one independent variable or factor.B. specifying the overall effect of a dependent variable.C. having multiple dependent measures.D. more than one independent variable.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Factorial Design7. The simplest factorial design is the one that hasA. two independent variables with two levels each.B. one independent variable with three levels.C. six conditions and three possible main effects.D. four possible interactions and eight conditions.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Factorial DesignTopic: Levels of Independent VariablesTopic: Number of Independent Variables8. Which of the following is the general format for describing factorial designs?A. Number of main effects × Number of interactionsB. Number of conditions of first IV × Number of conditions of second IVC. Number of IVs × Total number of levelsD. Number of levels of first IV × Number of levels of second IV × Number of levels of third IVAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Factorial Design9. Internet research by Strassberg and Holty (2003) compared responses to women's Internet personal ads. The researchers presented participants with an ad focusing on different characteristics such as (1) slim and attractive, (2) sensual and passionate, (3) painting and hiking, or (4) financially independent and ambitious. This is an example of a ________ design.A. factorialB. matrixC. multipleD. nonexperimentalAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Factorial Design10. Dunn et al. (2005) conducted an experiment of the relationship between exercise and depression. Participants were randomly assigned to either a low or a high intensity workout regime. Some were assigned to work out three days a week, while other participants worked out five days a week. Identify the independent variable(s) in this study.A. energy conditionB. the participants' interest in exercise and health conditionsC. the amount of exercise and the frequency of exerciseD. depressionAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Increasing the Number of Independent Variables: Factorial Designs11. Factorial designs are often employed becauseA. two or three independent variables cannot operate simultaneously.B. combining all levels of each independent variable with all levels of the other independent variables is not possible.C. very few variables tend to affect behavior.D. they give a greater approximation of real-world conditions.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Factorial DesignTopic: Number of Independent Variables12. Which of the following is true of factorial designs?A. A control group is unnecessary.B. All levels of each independent variable are combined with all levels of the other independent variable.C. The simplest factorial design has three independent variables, each having three levels.D. They eliminate the possibility of confounding variables.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design.Topic: Factorial DesignTopic: Levels of Independent Variables13. In order to ascertain the main effect of an independent variable, a researcher must use a(n) ________ design.A. interactionB. independent groupsC. multiple correlationD. factorialAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Main Effect14. In a factorial design, a main effect is the effect each ________ variable has by itself.A. situationalB. independentC. correlatedD. dependentAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Main Effect15. A researcher studies the effect of room music (fast, slow) and room cleanliness (tidy, untidy) on people's dining experience at a restaurant. How many main effects are possible?A. 1B. 2C. 4D. 8Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Main Effect16. In a study examining the effect of room illumination (low, medium, high) and room temperature (cold, warm, hot) on test performance, how many interactions are possible?A. 1B. 2C. 6D. 9Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: InteractionTopic: Main Effect17. A researcher examined judgments of responsibility for an automobile accident by manipulating the type of injuries received (none, mild, or severe) and the time of the accident (7 a.m., 12 p.m., 6 p.m., or 3 a.m.). How many main effects are possible in this study?A. 2B. 4C. 7D. 12Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Interaction18. A researcher manipulates a defendant's appearance (attractive, average, or unattractive) and gender (male, female) to study how these variables affect judgments of criminal behavior. How many interactions are possible in this design?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 6Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Increasing the Number of Independent Variables: Factorial Designs19. An interaction occurs wheneverA. the manipulation check indicates a manipulation failure.B. both independent variables have an effect.C. the effect of one independent variable changes across levels of a second independent variable.D. the dependent variable is effectively manipulated in a factorial design.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Interaction20. Participants were asked to read two poems that were written by a male or female author. They were told that one of the authors was a student majoring in English and the other an English professor. The participants rated the poem written by the professor as being of higher quality than the poem written by the student. This indicatesA. a main effect of quality.B. a main effect of gender.C. a main effect of authorship.D. an interaction between gender and authorship.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Main Effect21. In a factorial design, a main effect is theA. effect of one independent variable averaged over the levels of the other independent variables.B. effect of one independent variable at one level on another independent variable.C. effect of the dependent variable on the independent variable.D. only effect of interest.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Main Effect22. A line graph is more likely to be used than a bar graph whenA. there are at least three dependent variables.B. the levels of the independent variable are quantitative in nature.C. the dependent variables are infinite.D. the levels of the independent variable represent different categories.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Levels of Independent Variables23. A researcher finds that for female applicants, the likelihood of being hired for a job increases as their work experience increases. However, for male applicants, the likelihood of being hired decreases as their work experience increases. This finding suggestsA. an interaction between gender and work experience.B. a main effect of gender.C. a main effect of work experience.D. that gender and work experience have no effect on the likelihood of being hired for a job.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Interaction24. A researcher conducts an experiment in which half of the number of participants read a story designed to reduce prejudice (story group), whereas the other half read material unrelated to prejudice (control group). After reading the material, half of the participants describe a minority group while alone, and the other half describes a minority group in the presence of their peers. The dependent variable is the number of positive statements made about the minority group. The mean number of positive statements in the four conditions was as follows:Although the final conclusions would be based on statistical significance tests, these results indicate a(n)A. lack of effect of the control versus story variable.B. absence of interaction between the two variables.C. increase in prejudice among participants in the story group.D. main effect of the alone versus peer group variable.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Interaction25. Dr. Parker finds that judgments of responsibility for an automobile accident are greater for male drivers if the outcome is severe rather than mild. However, for female drivers, ratings are the same irrespective of the outcome. These findings suggestA. a main effect of responsibility.B. an interaction between gender and responsibility.C. an interaction between gender and outcome.D. a main effect of outcome.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.Topic: Interaction26. A researcher finds that for male applicants, the likelihood of being hired for a job increases as their work experience increases. However, for female applicants, the likelihood of being hired is not influenced by the amount of work experience. In this scenario, which of the following is true?A. There is an effect of gender on work experience.B. There is an effect of work experience on the likelihood of females being hired.C. There is an interaction between gender and work experience.D. There is no interaction between gender and work experience for female applicants.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design.27. A researcher examines the effect of the physical attractiveness of a driver involved in an automobile accident (unattractive, average, or attractive) and the severity of damage caused ($500, $1,500, or $2,500) on judgments of responsibility assigned to the driver. Which of the following represents the factorial design?A. 1 × 3B. 2 × 2C. 3 × 3D. 2 × 3Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: Factorial Design28. An IV × PV design has at leastA. three manipulated independent variables.B. one manipulated and one participant variable.C. two manipulated variables.D. two nonmanipulated variables.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: IV x PV Design29. An IV × PV design allowsA. the manipulation of a participant variable.B. the measurement of the participant variable.C. a researcher to exclude subject variables or attribute variables from a study.D. a researcher to investigate how different types of individuals respond to the same manipulated variable.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: IV x PV Design30. Individuals with work experience and those without work experience are given identical resumes of a male or a female applicant and asked to indicate the likelihood that they would hire the individual. The PV in this design isA. the gender of the participant.B. the hiring likelihood.C. individuals with or without work experience.D. the gender of the applicant.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: IV x PV Design31. Which of the following is true regarding interactions?A. The concept of interaction is a relatively complex one that people seldom use.B. An interaction shows that the effect of one independent variable does not depend on the particular level of the other.C. When there is a statistically significant interaction, researchers need to carefully examine the means to understand why the interaction occurred.D. Interactions are a new source of information that can be obtained through a simple experimental design.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: Interaction32. In order to study the effects of personality characteristics on intelligence, a researcher assigned participants to two groups: introverts and extroverts. The researcher then conducted two intelligence tests of differing difficulty and calculated the mean scores of the two groups. Each of the participants was also given a puzzle, and the time taken to solve the puzzle was noted down. In this research, which of the following are the attribute variables?A. the time taken to complete the test and the time taken to solve the puzzleB. the IQ test and the puzzleC. personality characteristics—introverts and extrovertsD. mean scores of the two groupsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: IV x PV Design33. An educational researcher examines the effect of speaker credibility on attitude change in university and community college students. The PV in this design is theA. credibility of the speaker.B. attitude change.C. type of student.D. educational researcher.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: IV x PV Design34. A study that uses both manipulated and measured variables in a factorial design is called a(n) ________ design.A. 2 × 2B. multiple correlationC. mixed repeated measures and independent groupsD. IV × PVAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: IV x PV Design35. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to study the effects of participant gender and style of persuasion on attitude change using 40 individuals. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.A. Latin squareB. repeated measuresC. Solomon four-groupD. IV × PVAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: IV x PV Design36. If a researcher has male and female participants drive a course under dry or wet road conditions, what kind of research design is it?A. 1 × 2 factorial designB. mixed factorial designC. repeated measures designD. IV × PV designAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: IV x PV Design37. A researcher studies the effect of interpersonal distance (near, far) and personality type (introvert, extrovert) on feelings of anxiety. The researcher has used a(n) ________ design.A. mixed factorialB. repeated measuresC. 2 × 3 factorialD. IV × PV factorialAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: IV x PV Design38. A researcher has second-grade boys and girls view aggressive and non-aggressive cartoons. After viewing the cartoons, the children are observed playing in a room that contains a variety of toys. The number of aggressive acts displayed by the children is measured. This research design is an example of a(n) ________ design.A. repeated measuresB. IV × PVC. mixed factorialD. interactionAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: IV x PV Design39. A researcher employs an IV × PV design to examine attitudes toward cheating. She presents freshmen from a private university with a written account describing a male or female student who was accused of cheating on an exam. The same procedure is repeated for a sample of freshmen from a public university. After reading the account, the students are asked to assign an appropriate punishment. The PV in this design would be theA. punishment assigned.B. university attended (private or public).C. gender of the student accused of cheating.D. class level of the participants (freshmen).Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: IV x PV Design40. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be true of a 2 × 2 factorial design?A. There may or may not be a significant main effect for independent variable B.B. There may or may not be a significant main effect for independent variable A.C. There are two independent variables, each with two levels, in a 2 × 2 factorial design.D. There is always a significant interaction between the independent variables.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design.Topic: Interaction41. A simple main effect analysis examinesA. the overall effect of one independent variable.B. the overall effect of the interaction.C. mean differences at each level of the independent variable.D. relationships between independent and dependent variables.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the role of simple main effects in interpreting interactions.Topic: Simple Main Effect42. Mary finds an interaction between a defendant's gender (male or female) and their appearance (attractive or unattractive) on judgments of criminal behavior. She analyzes the difference between judgments for unattractive defendants who are male or female. She then performs the same analysis for attractive males and females. Mary has examined theA. simple main effect of appearance.B. main effect of appearance.C. simple main effect of gender.D. main effect of gender.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Discuss the role of simple main effects in interpreting interactions.Topic: Simple Main Effect43. While analyzing the interaction between age and gender, Reba finds a difference in the likelihood of being hired between young and old applicants when they are females. However, she finds no such difference between young and old applicants that are males. Based on the findings, Reba has examined theA. main effect of gender.B. main effect of age.C. simple main effect of age.D. simple main effect of gender.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Discuss the role of simple main effects in interpreting interactions.Topic: Simple Main Effect44. With a(n) ________, the results for the independent variable are analyzed as if a researcher had separate experiments at each level of the other independent variable.A. main effectB. simple main effectC. interactionD. analysis of varianceAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Discuss the role of simple main effects in interpreting interactions.Topic: Simple Main Effect45. With a study designed to measure aggressive play of boys and girls who attend either a public school or a private school, which of the following statements is LEAST correct?A. There may be a simple main effect of the type of school.B. There may be a simple main effect of gender.C. There may be a gender × type of school interaction.D. There may be an effect of aggressive play.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the role of simple main effects in interpreting interactions.Topic: Simple Main Effect46. Raymond has designed a study to examine sexual arousal among male and female college students to erotic or nonerotic movies. A simple main effect of the type of movie would analyze whether arousal level is different forA. males and females when the movie is erotic or nonerotic.B. movies when the viewer is a male and when the viewer is a female.C. viewers of erotic and nonerotic movies.D. male and female viewers.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Discuss the role of simple main effects in interpreting interactions.Topic: Simple Main Effect47. A researcher had young or middle age participants watch a PG-13 or an R-rated film. After viewing the film, the participants rated the amount of violence in the films—the higher the assigned rating, the more violent the film. The mean results in the four conditions were:Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be true?A. A simple main effect of participant age does not exist when the movie is rated PG-13.B. An interaction between age and type of movie exists.C. A simple main effect of participant age exists when the movie is rated R.D. An interaction between age and type of movie exist for PG-13 movies but not for R-rated movies.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Discuss the role of simple main effects in interpreting interactions.Topic: Simple Main Effect48. Which of the following best describes a mixed factorial design?A. It typically assigns the same individuals to participate in all the conditions.B. It always assigns different groups of participants to each of the conditions.C. It uses both completely independent groups and completely repeated measures.D. It either uses a between-subjects design or a within-subjects design.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Mixed Factorial Design49. A researcher wants to study the effect of different levels of noise on the performance of students in a math test and a history test. The two levels of noise are low and high. The researcher uses different sets of individuals for each level and each type of test. This is an example of a(n)A. mixed factorial design.B. independent groups design.C. repeated measures design.D. within-subjects design.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Independent Groups (Between-Subjects) Design50. A researcher designs a study in which participants are randomly assigned to one of two conditions. Each participant is then measured under two different circumstances. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.A. mixed factorialB. independent groupsC. repeated measuresD. within-subjectsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Mixed Factorial Design51. A researcher wants to study the performance of a group of students in completing different types of tasks when they are placed under different room temperatures. The tasks are divided into easy and difficult. The room temperatures are high and low. He assigns the same group of students to all the different types of conditions used in the research study. This is an example of a(n)A. independent groups design.B. mixed factorial design.C. between-subjects design.D. repeated measures design.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Repeated Measures (Within-Subjects) Design52. A marketing company wants to determine which cola beverage is most preferred by consumers. A group of participants tastes Cola A and then rates the taste. The group then tastes Cola B and rates the taste for this cola. A second group of participants follows the same procedure; however, they first taste Cola B and then Cola A. This is an example of a(n) ________ type of design.A. 2 × 2 mixed factorialB. 2 × 2 repeated measuresC. IV × PVD. 2 × 2 independent groupsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Mixed Factorial Design53. A researcher designs an experiment in which the following variables are manipulated: type of movie (horror, comedy), gender of participants (male, female), and food intake (low, high). For a completely independent groups design with 12 participants per group, how many participants would the researcher need?A. 36B. 72C. 96D. 192Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Independent Groups (Between-Subjects) Design54. A researcher designs an experiment in which the following variables are manipulated: temperature (low or high), illumination level (low or high), and time of testing (day or night). For a repeated measures design, how many participants would the researcher require in order to have 10 participants per condition?A. 10B. 20C. 100D. 150Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Repeated Measures (Within-Subjects) Design55. Identify the design of a study that manipulates the temperature in a room (warm or cold), difficulty of study material (easy, difficult), and amount of material (low, moderate, high).A. 2 × 2B. 2 × 3C. 2 × 2 × 3D. 3 × 3E. 2 × 2 × 2Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Increasing the Number of Independent Variables: Factorial Designs56. A researcher designs an experiment in which the following are manipulated: the age of an applicant (young, middle, old), the gender (male, female), and the type of job applied for (blue collar, white collar). Identify the type of design this experiment represents.A. 3 × 2 × 3B. 3 × 2C. 3 × 2 × 2D. 2 × 2 × 2Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Factorial Design57. A researcher designs an experiment in which the following are manipulated: room temperature (cold, warm, or hot), noise level (quiet or loud), and room color (pink, blue, or black). Identify the possible number of main effects.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 8Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Main Effect58. A researcher designs an experiment in which the following are manipulated: the weight of an individual (normal, over), age (young, middle, old), and gender (male, female). How many interactions are possible?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 18Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Interaction59. An investigator wants to test the effectiveness of visualization on sports performance. She randomly assigns participants to two groups. Participants in the visualization group imagine themselves swinging a golf club perfectly for 20 minutes prior to a session on the driving range. Participants in the control group read a golf magazine for 20 minutes prior to a session on the driving range. All participants do this procedure each day for five days. The dependent measure, the average flight distance of the ball, is calculated for each participant after each session. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.A. IV × PV factorialB. two-group pretest-posttestC. 2 × 5 independent groups factorialD. 2 × 5 mixed factorialAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Mixed Factorial Design60. A 4 × 5 factorial design would have ________ conditions.A. 4B. 5C. 9D. 20Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Factorial Design61. A 4 × 3 factorial design would have ________ conditions.A. 3B. 4C. 7D. 12Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Factorial Design62. In a 2 × 3 factorial design, there are ________ main effect(s) and ________ interaction effect(s) possible.A. 2; 2B. 2; 3C. 2; 1D. 3; 2Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: InteractionTopic: Main Effect63. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, for a completely independent groups design with 20 participants per group, how many participants are needed?A. 20B. 40C. 60D. 80Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Independent Groups (Between-Subjects) Design64. In a 4 × 3 factorial design, for a repeated measures design, how many participants are needed in order to have 20 participants per condition?A. 10B. 20C. 40D. 70Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domainsBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Repeated Measures (Within-Subjects) Design65. A study involves a 3 × 4 × 2 factorial design. How many independent variables are being studied?A. 3B. 4C. 9D. 24Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Independent Groups (Between-Subjects) DesignTopic: Number of Independent Variables66. A 2 × 2 × 2 design results in ________ experimental conditions.A. 3B. 6C. 7D. 8Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Factorial Design67. A researcher is interested in variables that may affect an individual's driving ability. He has people drive a course in wet, dry, and icy conditions. In addition, he has them drive a vehicle with or without power steering, and with an automatic or a manual transmission. This design is an example of a ________ factorial design.A. 3 × 2B. 3 × 2 × 2C. 2 × 2D. 2 × 2 × 2Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Factorial Design68. A researcher is interested in variables that may affect an individual's driving ability. He has people drive a course in wet, dry, or icy conditions. In addition, he has them drive a vehicle with or without power steering, and with an automatic or a manual transmission. In this design, there are ________ possible main effects and ________ possible interactions.A. 3; 12B. 2; 3C. 3; 4D. 2; 2Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: InteractionTopic: Main Effect69. The food intake modeling study in the text illustrates a factorial design with different individuals in each of the conditions. This design is best classified as a(n) ________ design.A. within-subjectsB. repeated measuresC. mixed factorialD. independent groupsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: RememberDifficulty Level: EasyLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Independent Groups (Between-Subjects) Design70. A researcher attempts to study the effects of alcohol on task performance. One factor is alcohol (alcohol treatment, placebo control), and the other factor is task difficulty (easy, difficult). If the researcher uses a repeated measures design with 15 participants per condition, how many participants will he need for the study?A. 15B. 30C. 45D. 60Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychologyBlooms: ApplyDifficulty Level: HardLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Repeated Measures (Within-Subjects) Design71. In a study with a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, it can be inferred that there areA. four variables, each with two levels.B. two independent variables and two dependent variables.C. two variables, each with two levels.D. sixteen independent variables and four dependent variables.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Levels of Independent VariablesTopic: Number of Independent Variables72. Identify an accurate statement about a factorial design that contains four independent variables, each with two levels.A. It produces a maximum of two interactions.B. It produces a maximum of seven manipulated effects.C. It produces twelve main effects.D. It produces sixteen conditions.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Factorial Design73. Which of the following is true of a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design?A. There are six independent variables, each with two levels.B. There are four possible conditions.C. There are four possible interactions.D. There are six possible main effects.Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design.Topic: Interaction74. How many main effects are possible in a study with a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design?A. 2B. 4C. 6D. 8Accessibility: Keyboard NavigationAPA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychologyBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty Level: MediumLearning Objective: Discuss the role of simple main effects in interpreting interactions.Topic: Main Effect

Category # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 74

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 28

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains 11

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology 34

APA Outcome: 5.2 Develop a working knowledge of the content domains of psychology 1

Blooms: Apply 35

Blooms: Remember 12

Blooms: Understand 27

Difficulty Level: Easy 12

Difficulty Level: Hard 35

Difficulty Level: Medium 28

Learning Objective: Compare the assignment of participants in an independent groups design, a repeated measures design, and a mixed factorial design. 26

Learning Objective: Define factorial design and discuss reasons a researcher would use this design. 12

Learning Objective: Describe an IV x PV design. 14

Learning Objective: Describe the information provided by main effects and interaction effects in a factorial design. 14

Learning Objective: Discuss the role of simple main effects in interpreting interactions. 8

Topic: Factorial Design 13

Topic: Increasing the Number of Independent Variables: Factorial Designs 3

Topic: Independent Groups (Between-Subjects) Design 5

Topic: Interaction 12

Topic: IV x PV Design 11

Topic: Levels of Independent Variables 8

Topic: Main Effect 10

Topic: Mixed Factorial Design 4

Topic: Number of Independent Variables 5

Topic: Repeated Measures (Within-Subjects) Design 4

Topic: Simple Main Effect 7