Ch.9 The Lone-Parent Family—The Future Full Test Bank 7e

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which term does Statistics Canada use to refer to a family in which all children in the household are the biological and/or adopted children of both members of the couple?

	a.	normal
	b.	standard
	c.	intact
	d.	unbroken

2. What would the feminist perspective focus on in relation to lone-parent families?

	a.	the fact that most are headed by males
	b.	the fact that most are headed by teenagers
	c.	the fact that the most are headed by mothers
	d.	the fact that most are headed by south Asians

3. According to the text, one way to break single parents’ dependency on social assistance involves policies that do which of the following?

	a.	affordable and available childcare
	b.	increase the Canada Child Tax Benefit
	c.	encourage them to get married
	d.	help them find adoptive families for their children

4. Which statement best describes lone fathers?

	a.	The percentage of lone fathers has decreased since 1986.
	b.	Men tend to become lone parents in their 20s.
	c.	The number of lone fathers has decreased because fewer gain custody.
	d.	Men are lone parents for shorter time periods.

5. Syrah is a lone parent. If her experience is similar to the majority, what will she experience?

	a.	She will have no problems finding quality affordable daycare.
	b.	She will have an employer who is sympathetic toward her difficulties.
	c.	She will have a dead-end job with little chance for promotion.
	d.	She will have the same income level and childcare problems as lone fathers.

6. Teen births, especially second and third ones, are much more common among which group?

	a.	Canadian-born immigrants
	b.	visible minorities
	c.	Indigenous peoples
	d.	foreign-born immigrants

7. Which group has the lowest average total incomes?

	a.	female one-parent families
	b.	cohabiting couples
	c.	stepfamilies with more than two children
	d.	married couples with more than three children

8. Which term refers to informal networks of friends and relatives who provide information, assistance, and understanding?

	a.	social life
	b.	social scripts
	c.	social support
	d.	social services

9. According to the text, what does social support include?

	a.	societal support and emotional and practical assistance
	b.	financial support provided through provincial funds
	c.	encouragement given by others to mix socially with adults
	d.	assistance provided by social service agencies such as child welfare

10. Which statement best describes a stigma against lone-parent families?

	a.	They are referred to as incomplete.
	b.	They are part of the Noah’s ark syndrome.
	c.	Family benefits are calculated based on the number of parents in the home.
	d.	They are penalized by the tax system.

11. What does self-care teach children?

	a.	how to be independent and self-reliant
	b.	how to be deviant and risky
	c.	how to be efficient
	d.	how to be irresponsible

12. Which statement best describes lone-parent families headed by a male?

	a.	The proportion of these families is growing.
	b.	The proportion of these families is decreasing.
	c.	They are more likely to be poor than lone-parent families headed by a female.
	d.	They tend to last longer than lone-parent families headed by a female.

13. According to the text, what is one symptom of boundary and role confusion when a teen mother lives with her parents?

	a.	deciding that the teen mother will have primary responsibility for her child
	b.	planning to get an apartment for herself and her baby once she has graduated
	c.	doing laundry for herself and her baby only
	d.	arguing over who should make rules for the child

14. Lone-mother families are more likely than other types of families to spend a high percentage of their income on housing. What percentage do they spend?

	a.	15 percent
	b.	25 percent
	c.	40 percent
	d.	50 percent

15. Which statement best describes lone-parent families?

	a.	They are generally similar.
	b.	They are increasingly rare.
	c.	Most follow the same path.
	d.	There is much diversity.

16. In 2011, lone-parent families accounted for which percentage of all census families?

	a.	12.1
	b.	16.3
	c.	22.4
	d.	28.6

17. In the past, how was the lone-parent family needing financial aid often regarded?

	a.	as being eligible for help only if it included a deserted unwed mother
	b.	as being personally responsible for their economic problems
	c.	as requiring sympathy and understanding rather than condemnation
	d.	as needing financial help rather than suspicion from officials

18. What is the definition of a teenage mother?

	a.	a female who has her first child before the age of 20
	b.	a female who has her first child before the age of 18
	c.	a female who has her first child between the ages of 16 and 19
	d.	a female who has her first child between the ages of 14 and 16

19. According to the text, what is a reason for the shrinking income disparity between female lone-parent households and male lone-parent households?

	a.	Lone mothers are more likely to be widowed.
	b.	The cost of living is not very high.
	c.	More government funding is available to support single mothers.
	d.	Lone mothers have higher rates of labour force participation and have higher education.

20. In 2011, what was the most common legal marital status for lone parents?

	a.	never married
	b.	widowed
	c.	divorced or separated
	d.	cohabiting

21. What do we find when we compare lone mothers and lone fathers?

	a.	Lone fathers appear more responsible.
	b.	Lone mothers tend to become parents later in life.
	c.	There are more similarities than differences.
	d.	There are more differences than similarities.

22. What is the single largest expense for most lone mothers?

	a.	housing
	b.	food
	c.	transportation
	d.	daycare

23. Why have we seen an overall increase in the number of single teen mothers?

	a.	The rate of teen pregnancy is increasing.
	b.	More teen mothers place their babies for adoption.
	c.	Fewer teen mothers are married.
	d.	There are more teen females.

24. What is the level of income below which an individual or family is considered to be living in poverty?

	a.	the standard of living
	b.	welfare
	c.	the level of necessities
	d.	the poverty line

25. Why are teen mothers unlikely to improve their financial status even when they marry?

	a.	Their partners typically have poor financial prospects.
	b.	Their partners are often in jail.
	c.	They are unlikely to work for long periods of time.
	d.	They spend money irresponsibly.

26. Where do similarities between lone mothers and lone fathers come from?

	a.	Both are very likely to live in poverty.
	b.	There are similarities in their parenting techniques.
	c.	Men tend to spend less time on “feminine” chores.
	d.	Both experience many of the same stresses and frustrations.

27. Which term refers to the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods?

	a.	poverty
	b.	food security
	c.	food insecurity
	d.	food instability

28. In 2011, which group was more likely than others to have lone-parent families?

	a.	non-visible minorities
	b.	Indigenous families
	c.	Canadian-born immigrants
	d.	South Asians

29. Elise, Sarah, Jess, and Madhur are all single lone mothers. Who is least likely to marry, separate, divorce, and remarry?

	a.	Elise, a teen mother
	b.	Sarah, a widowed mother
	c.	Jess, a cohabiting mother
	d.	Madhur, a lesbian mother

30. In the future, what is likely to happen to lone-parent families?

	a.	They will probably decrease as a result of better contraception.
	b.	They will probably decrease as a result of poor economic times.
	c.	They will probably increase as a result of delayed marriages.
	d.	They will probably increase as a result of the growing divorce rate.

31. Which of the following groups has the greatest chance of being financially stable?

	a.	never-married single mothers
	b.	divorced women
	c.	widows
	d.	teenage mothers living at home

32. Which group is least likely to re-enter a union?

	a.	teenage mothers
	b.	divorced father with young children
	c.	divorced women with young children
	d.	widowed women

33. In the 2006 Census, which group had the lowest proportion of lone-parent families?

	a.	Somali
	b.	Jamaican
	c.	Chinese
	d.	Haitian

34. Where do most of the youngest teen mothers live?

	a.	in shelters
	b.	at their parent’s home
	c.	with their boyfriend
	d.	with grandparents

35. Which statement best describes people with poor support systems?

	a.	They tend also to lack financial resources.
	b.	They are less likely to become clients of social service agencies.
	c.	They have too many interfering relatives.
	d.	They may not have the resources to cope with long-term stress.

36. In 1961, how did the majority of lone-parent families begin?

	a.	with unwed mothers
	b.	following the death of a spouse
	c.	following divorce
	d.	with single fathers

37. Which statement best describes adults whose parents divorced during early childhood?

	a.	They are less likely to have long-term emotional difficulties.
	b.	They are more likely to engage in risky behaviour as an adolescent.
	c.	They are less likely to have a child outside marriage.
	d.	They are more disruptive and unhappy.

38. If Sandi is like other lone parents, what does the text suggest is the most accurate description of her financial/employment situation?

	a.	She will likely be discouraged from working because of difficulty finding reliable and affordable childcare.
	b.	She will likely be striving to increase her professional training so that she can get a better job.
	c.	She will likely have a steady income because of the Mother’s Allowance.
	d.	She will likely earn more than her peers of comparable ages without children.

39. What does the Canada Child Benefit currently do?

	a.	forces all female lone parents to work
	b.	strictly defines who is eligible for financial help
	c.	provides benefits for all parents who have a child under the age of 18
	d.	provides benefits for all female lone parents except widows

40. Jane became a lone parent when her husband died. Which statement most likely describes Jane in comparison to never-married and divorced parents?

	a.	She is more likely to remarry because she is more positive toward marriage.
	b.	She is less likely to remarry because she is too dependent on her children.
	c.	She is more likely to remarry because men prefer widowed to divorced women.
	d.	She is less likely to remarry because she is probably older.

41. What does the “Noah’s ark syndrome” refer to?

	a.	stepfamilies
	b.	lone-parent families
	c.	two-parent families
	d.	cohabiting couples

42. Which statement best describes fathers’ involvement with children in female-headed, lone-parent families?

	a.	It confuses the children and should be minimized.
	b.	It is important to the development of the children.
	c.	It is a problem because many were abusive when involved with the child’s mother.
	d.	It can be a challenge to the mother’s parental authority.

43. Why are children of adolescent mothers at risk for developmental problems?

	a.	Teen mothers do not have family support.
	b.	Pregnancies of young teens are highly risky.
	c.	Educators do not support teen mothers.
	d.	Teen mothers are financially stable.

44. What behaviour is more likely in children whose mothers had numerous consecutive romantic partners?

	a.	being depressed and easily frustrated
	b.	being promiscuous
	c.	being anxious and aggressive
	d.	being in trouble with the law

45. What is a major difficulty in explaining differences between children from lone-parent and two-parent families?

	a.	the lack of long-term follow-up
	b.	the recent changes in divorce
	c.	the great variety of lone-parent families
	d.	the failure to socialize children properly

46. In 2011, which province had the highest proportion of lone-parent families?

	a.	Nova Scotia
	b.	Alberta
	c.	Ontario
	d.	Quebec

47. According to the text, what was the fastest-growing family type in Canada for many years?

	a.	the nuclear family
	b.	the lone-parent family
	c.	the stepfamily
	d.	the same-sex family

48. Why are children from lone-parent families more likely to have school problems than those from “traditional” families?

	a.	lack of a role model
	b.	financial hardship
	c.	separation from a parent
	d.	joint custody

49. When do children from lone-parent families have more difficulties in both relationships and school?

	a.	when their mothers use a hostile parenting style
	b.	when their fathers use a permissive parenting style
	c.	when both parents are authoritative
	d.	when only their mothers are authoritative

50. Which statement best describes the actual proportion of Canadian families who have ever experienced lone parenthood?

	a.	It is the often same as the number of divorces in any single year.
	b.	It is often less than the number of divorces reported in any single year.
	c.	It is much lower than the total number reported in any single year.
	d.	It is much higher than the total number reported in any single year.

Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

51. A woman who has her first birth under the age of 20 is called a(n) ___________.

52. On average, children who grow up in lone-parent families do ____________________ in school than children who live with both biological parents.

53. A mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children is called a(n) ____________.

54. The level of income below which an individual family is considered to be poor is called the ____________________.

55. ____________________ is the largest single expense for most lone mothers.

56. Currently, the fastest-growing family type in Canada is the ____________________ family.

57. In 1931, the majority of lone parents were _______________.

58. The highest prevalence of ______________ in Canada is among lone mothers and their children.

59. In 2011, the proportion of lone-parent families was highest in the province of __________.

60. ___________________ refers to the practical assistance or emotional backup provided by others.

61. Explain why relatively few fathers have custody of their children.

62. List three reasons teenagers might choose to have children.

63. Name three ways in which lone parenthood can end.

64. Describe some of the recent trends in lone-parent families in Canada.

65. Define “social support” and indicate the main sources of social support used by lone parents.

66. Suggest one similarity and two differences between lone mothers and lone fathers.

67. State two stereotypes concerning teen mothers.

68. Identify the various paths to single parenthood.

69. Which lone parents are most likely to remarry? Explain your answer.

70. Describe the stigma attached to lone parenthood.

71. Briefly describe housing problems experienced by lone mothers.

72. Discuss possible explanations for differences between children raised in one- and two-parent families.

73. Explain why individuals who have grown up in lone-parent families may have an increased level of difficulty in life.

74. Describe some of the recent trends in lone-parent families in Canada.

75. Compare stereotypes with the reality about children who grow up in lone-parent families.

76. Discuss factors affecting the economic well-being of lone parents. Give examples.

77. Discuss the importance of age in the life course of lone mothers.

78. Identify the different paths to single parenthood. Which factors play a role in how a person becomes a single parent?

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Aug 21, 2025

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Chapter 9 The Lone-Parent Family—The Future Majority?

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Marc Belanger

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