Ch9 The Health Workforce Test Bank Docx

Jonas & Kovner’s Health Care Delivery in the United States, 12^th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 9, The Health Workforce

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. In 2016, compensation for the 16.4 million jobs in the U.S. health care industry accounted for what percent of total health care spending?

A. Under 20%

B. About 30%

C. Nearly 50%

D. About 60%

1. Which of the following is the largest health care occupation in the United States?

A. Registered nurses

B. Insurance billing specialists

C. Physicians

D. Pharmacy technicians

1. The need-based approach to establishing a targeted number of health care providers attempts to align future workforce needs with which of the following?

A. The realities of budgeting

B. Actual demand in the labor market

C. A desired level of service

D. The number of nonphysician health professionals

1. Which of the following medical professions requires formal postsecondary education but not a degree?

A. Licensed practical nurse

B. Dental hygienist

C. Clinical laboratory technician

D. Radiology technician

1. Which of the following has been proposed as a solution to problems in the “silo approach” to educating health professionals?

A. More selective admissions policies in medical schools

B. A narrower gap between education cost and expected earnings

C. Interprofessional education and practice

D. Incentives to choose primary care rather than a specialized field

1. In what way can it be said that the expansion of insurance coverage under the ACA exacerbated the shortage of primary care providers?

A. The ACA skewed the geographic distribution of U.S. health professionals

B. The ACA led to a surge in demand for health services overall

C. The ACA mandated a larger role for nonphysicians and allied health workers

D. The ACA encouraged medical students to choose specialties over primary care

1. Financial incentives paid to health care organizations to encourage focus on models of care that increase quality at a reasonable cost are called

A. Bundled payment programs

B. Performance-based payment programs

C. Fee-for-service programs

D. ACO programs

1. Real-time two-way video communication and rapid transmission of electronic health records are encouraging improvements in which of the following?

A. Telemedicine

B. Medical imaging

C. Diagnoses

D. Primary care visits

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. Which of the following are expected to help solve shortages of primary care physicians? Select all that apply.

A. Integrated models of primary care delivery

B. Expanded roles for nonphysician health professionals

C. Health workforce planning models

D. Effective use of information technology

1. Which of the following are arguments put forth by those who oppose increasing the education standards for health professionals? Select all that apply.

A. There is no evidence that higher educational requirements lead to better patient care

B. Higher levels of education increase costs for students and the health care system

C. Efforts would be better spent incentivizing more students to go into primary care

D. Stricter educational requirements will lead to a job shortage in health care

1. Which of the following are primary reasons for the increased demand for behavioral health care services? Select all that apply.

A. Behavioral health is generally not well integrated with primary care services

B. The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act requires mental health and substance abuse benefits to be on a par with those for medical and surgical care

C. There is a national shortage of behavioral health providers and low growth in the number of trainees

D. The ACA included mental health care as an essential benefit in all health care plans offered on the state insurance exchanges

1. Which are some current shortcomings of health workforce planning in the United States? Select all that apply.

A. It overestimates the demand for new health care workers

B. It is usually tied to current care delivery models

C. It treats each health professional independently

D. It counts too many support and administrative workers as health care workers

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What percent of health workers are employed in licensed occupations?

A. 10%

B. 25%

C. 50%

D. 75%

1. Which of the following is the stated purpose of scope-of-practice regulation and licensing?

A. Cost savings

B. Consumer protection

C. Recruitment

D. Increased professionalism

1. The establishment of fixed nurse-to-patient ratios and preferred shifts based on tenure are among the goals of

A. Health workers’ unions

B. Licensing organizations

C. Medical schools

D. Hospital administrators

1. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that by 2026 the health professions will account for how many U.S. jobs?

A. Half of all jobs

B. A third of jobs

C. Almost 1 in 11 jobs

D. A quarter of jobs

1. Healthcare workforce planning in the United States is mostly left to

A. A centralized federal system

B. The private sector and local government agencies

C. State and local planning boards

D. Individual health care employers

1. Which of the following is a reason more medical students do not choose to become primary care physicians?

A. The course of study is too difficult for many students

B. Preparing to be a primary care physician takes more time than specializing

C. The earnings of most primary care physicians are lower than those of specialists

D. Medical students do not really understand what primary care physicians do

1. Which of the following is an example of the push toward increasing educational standards in health care?

A. The adoption of Doctor of Pharmacy as the only accredited pharmacy degree

B. Accelerated education programs for nursing

C. Six-year programs combining B.S. and M.D. programs

D. Three-year medical education programs

1. In hopes that allied health care students from rural areas will decide to stay and work in the area, many rural health care programs recruit and train such students in a strategy called

A. Performance-based payment

B. Grow your own

C. Interprofessional practice

D. Patient-centered medical home model of care

SHORT ANSWER

1. Discuss some of the reasons health worker education is expensive to deliver.
2. Briefly identify the four competencies recommended for successful interprofessional collaborative practice.
3. Identify the most critical issues facing the health workforce now.
4. Describe the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model of care and evaluations of this model.
5. Evaluate the impact of the expanded use of electronic health records.

ESSAY

1. Describe several innovative models for health workforce education.
2. Describe some of the impacts the aging U.S. population will have on the health care workforce.
3. Explain why a shortage in the health care workforce may not exhibit the economic response predicted by the law of supply and demand.