Chapter 9: Sports and the American Dream

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Sport describes a(n) ______.

a. range of activities that involves physical exertion and skill

b. activity organized around a set of rules

c. individual or group activity

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The State of Sport Today

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Which of the following is true of the 2016 Rio Olympics?

a. Female athletes won more medals than male athletes.

b. Male athletes won more medals than female athletes.

c. U.S. athletes won the majority of the gold medals.

d. both “female athletes won more medals than male athletes” and “U.S. athletes won the majority of the gold medals”

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of Sport Today

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Which U.S. gymnast dominated in the 2016 Rio Olympics?

a. Simone Biles

b. Gabby Douglas

c. Chris Brooks

d. Laurie Hernandez

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of Sport Today

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Which national sport has the youngest audience?

a. Major League Baseball

b. National Basketball Association

c. National Hockey League

d. National Football League

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Sports Industry

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which national sport has the highest percentage of black viewers?

a. Major League Baseball

b. National Basketball Association

c. National Hockey League

d. National Football League

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Sports Industry

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Which national sport has the richest viewers?

a. Major League Baseball

b. National Basketball Association

c. National Hockey League

d. National Football League

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Sports Industry

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which national sport has the most female viewers?

a. NASCAR

b. National Basketball Association

c. National Hockey League

d. National Football League

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Sports Industry

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which national sport has the oldest audience?

a. Professional Golfer’s Association

b. National Basketball Association

c. National Hockey League

d. National Football League

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Sports Industry

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. What NCAA Women’s Basketball team won 30 games and lost 9, setting an Ivy League record?

a. Harvard

b. Yale

c. Columbia

d. Princeton

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sports Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following is true of sports reporters, writers, and editors?

a. They are overwhelmingly female.

b. They are overwhelmingly male.

c. They are mostly white.

d. both “they are overwhelmingly male” and “they are mostly white”

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sports Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Who is the highest paid female athlete in the world?

a. Serena Williams

b. Venue Williams

c. Maria Sharapova

d. Danica Patrick

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sports Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following is true about professional sports?

a. Poor blacks and whites from broken homes are not overrepresented in professional sports.

b. Blacks from two-parent families are more likely to be NBA stars compared to blacks from broken homes.

c. White NBA players are 33% more likely to come from two-parent families.

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Players and Coaches

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. What is the only professional sport that can truly be called diverse?

a. National Football League

b. National Basketball League

c. Major Soccer League

d. Major League Baseball

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Players and Coaches

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. This is the NFL rule that requires interviewing minority candidates for either head coaching or senor football operation jobs.

a. Rooney Rule

b. Morrison Rule

c. Jameson Rule

d. Brown Rule

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Players and Coaches

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. This perspective on sport posits that biological differences between genders, racial, cultural, and national groups account for variations in ability, performance, and success.

a. nature perspective

b. nurture perspective

c. symbolic interactionist perspective

d. functionalist perspective

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Nature Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. How many genetic variants have researchers linked to elite athletic status?

a. 200

b. 100

c. 50

d. 20

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Nature Perspective

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. Which of the following is true regarding genetic variants and elite athletic status?

a. Researchers have identified 20 genetic variants related to elite athletic status.

b. These genetic variants related to elite athletic status have not been shown to predict elite athletic status.

c. These genetic variants related to elite athletic status have not been shown to predict injury risk outcomes.

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Nature Perspective

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. This perspective on sport views gender, racial, cultural, and national group differences in athleticism as products of socialization and environment.

a. nature perspective

b. nurture perspective

c. symbolic interactionist perspective

d. functionalist perspective

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Nurture Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Which of the following behaviors is socialized within sports?

a. teamwork

b. meritocracy

c. gender norms

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Nurture Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Which of the following sports do black student athletes tend to be concentrated in?

a. boxing

b. baseball

c. football

d. both boxing and football

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Nurture Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Which of the following sports do white student athletes tend to be concentrated in?

a. boxing

b. baseball

c. football

d. basketball

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Nurture Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. What theory of sport argues that sports fulfills a multitude of social needs?

a. symbolic interactionist theory

b. functionalist theory

c. rational choice theory

d. conflict theory

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Functions of Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. According to the functionalist theory of sports, sports fulfill this need.

a. shared values

b. life skills

c. socio-emotional function

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Functions of Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. According to the functionalist theory of sports, high school sports that provide the opportunity for future college scholarships fulfill which function of sports?

a. shared values

b. life skills

c. socio-emotional function

d. social mobility

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Functions of Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. According to the functionalist theory of sports, learning good sportsmanship fulfills this function of sports.

a. shared values

b. life skills

c. socio-emotional function

d. social mobility

Learning Objective 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Functions of Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. This theory of sports posits that sports are created and maintained by shared meanings and social interaction.

a. symbolic interactionist theory

b. functionalist theory

c. rational choice theory

d. conflict theory

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Identity through Competition

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which theory of sports concerns itself with athlete identity development?

a. symbolic interactionist theory

b. functionalist theory

c. rational choice theory

d. conflict theory

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Identity through Competition

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. During the colonial period northern women participate in this sport.

a. ice skating

b. barrel racing

c. bike racing

d. horse racing

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sports and the Colonists

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. During the colonial period southern women were encouraged to develop skills in this area.

a. ice skating

b. soccer

c. bike racing

d. equestrian skills

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sports and the Colonists

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. During the colonial period, Puritans enjoyed this sport.

a. soccer

b. ice skating

c. horse racing

d. Puritans condemned all sports.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sports and the Colonists

Difficulty Level: Hard

31. The bicycle became a symbol for ______.

a. women’s liberation

b. emancipation

c. socialism

d. solidarity

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race, Gender, and Early American Sports

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. What sport did slave women excel at in the antebellum south?

a. horseback riding

b. soccer

c. basketball

d. swimming

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race, Gender, and Early American Sports

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. The likelihood of graduating college and playing professionally is highest in this sport.

a. baseball

b. basketball

c. football

d. soccer

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Closing the Athlete Graduation Gap

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Which of the following is NOT something that the NCPA advocates for?

a. raising scholarship amounts

b. decreased academic requirements

c. increasing graduation rates

d. increased payment for sports-related injuries

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Creating Change

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. If a parent is worried that their college athlete might not graduate, they could encourage their child to join this organization that advocates for increases in athlete graduation rates.

a. National Graduation Council

b. Student Council

c. National Players Association

d. Greek Organization

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Creating change

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. The National Players Association advocates for ______.

a. raising scholarship amounts

b. decreased academic requirements

c. increasing graduation rates

d. both “raising scholarship amounts” and “increasing graduation rates”

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Creating change

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Which of the following is true about college athletic scholarships?

a. Only about 7% of varsity players in high school earn college scholarships.

b. Males are twice as likely as females to get college scholarships for sports.

c. Sixty-five percent of all sports scholarships are awarded to white students.

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Closing the Athlete Graduation Gap

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. What college sport has the highest Latino participation?

a. basketball

b. football

c. baseball

d. soccer

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Closing the Athlete Graduation Gap

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. Which of the following is true of college athlete graduation rates in 2016?

a. Black male athlete graduation rates are declining.

b. Hispanic male athlete graduation rates are increasing.

c. White male athlete graduation rates are increasing.

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Creating Change

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. What percentage of black male athletes at the top 65 basketball and football institutions graduated within 6 years in 2016?

a. 25

b. 90

c. 50

d. 45

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Creating a New Playing Field

Difficulty Level: Hard

41. How many U.S. athletes identified as LGTB in the 2016 Rio Olympics?

a. 10

b. 15

c. 23

d. 56

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Role of Agency and Resistance

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. In what sport is the college graduation gap between athletes of color and others most significant?

a. football

b. soccer

c. baseball

d. swimming

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Closing the Athlete Graduation Gap

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. What year did the first player in a major league sport organization come out to the public as gay?

a. 2001

b. 2010

c. 2015

d. 2017

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Role of Agency and Resistance

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. What was the result of the Title IX amendment to education legislation?

a. It allowed girls to participate in school sports programs.

b. It created protections for racism on sports teams.

c. It declared that sports funding should be equal for girls and boys sports.

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women and the Impact of Title IX

Difficulty Level: Easy

45. Which U.S. president signed the landmark U.S. Education Amendment legislation, Title IX?

a. Henry Ford

b. John F. Kennedy

c. Richard Nixon

d. George W. Bush

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women and the Impact of Title IX

Difficulty Level: Hard

46. What action did the black medalists take in the 1968 Olympics to demonstrate their protest of racism?

a. They sold their gold medals to support the cause.

b. They raised their fists when on the medal podium.

c. They boycotted the 1968 Olympics.

d. They did not do anything.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Legacy of Civil Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. This black heavyweight boxing champion drew attention to racial injustices in the United States during the Civil Rights Movement.

a. Muhammad Ali

b. Rocky Marciano

c. John Sullivan

d. James Corbett

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Legacy of Civil Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. What was the birth name of heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali?

a. Cassius Clay

b. Jerimiah Jones

c. Dylan Brown

d. Jimmy Jeron

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Legacy of Civil Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. What was the name of the first black professional baseball team?

a. Black Giants

b. Southern Tigers

c. Cuban Giants

d. Black Rangers

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Baseball and the American Dream

Difficulty Level: Hard

50. Who was the first black man to play in a major league baseball franchise?

a. Moses “Fleetwood” Walker

b. John W. “Bud” Fowler

c. John Carlin

d. Paul Robeson

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Baseball and the American Dream

Difficulty Level: Hard

51. The first baseball club was established in this year.

a. 1945

b. 1930

c. 1910

d. 1845

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Baseball and the American Dream

Difficulty Level: Hard

52. The first baseball club originated in this city.

a. Austin

b. New York

c. Boston

d. Chicago

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Baseball and the American Dream

Difficulty Level: Medium

53. This ethnicity was an acceptable status during the club movement that was encouraged by Industrialism.

a. English immigrants

b. Scottish immigrants

c. Asian immigrants

d. both English immigrants and Scottish immigrants

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Club Movement

Difficulty Level: Medium

54. Wild West Shows were popular during this decade.

a. 1850s

b. 1910s

c. 1890s

d. 1780s

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race, Gender, and Early American Sports

Difficulty Level: Hard

55. Puritans felt that sports were ______.

a. a waste of the sacred gift of time

b. a sin

c. a waste of the sacred gift of fortune

d. community-building

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sports and the Colonists

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. The likelihood of playing professionally after college is less than 2% for all sports.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Creating Change

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. A record of 56 LGBT athletes competed in the 2016 Rio Olympics.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women and the Impact of Title IX

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Title IX solved gender inequities in sports.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Women and the Impact of Title IX

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The Civil Rights Movement began in 1946 and culminated in 1980.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Legacy of Civil Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The first black professional baseball team was called the Cuban Giants.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Baseball and the American Dream

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The Charlotte Bobcats, owned by Michael Jordan, is the only professional team that has a black majority owner among the six biggest leagues.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Nurture Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Serena Williams is the highest paid female athlete in the world.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sports Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Biological determinism argues that human behavior, intelligence, or athleticism are determined by their genes or some aspect of their physiology.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nature Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. In the antebellum south sports sometimes provided a direct route to emancipation.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Race, Gender, and Early American Sports

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. In the antebellum south slave women excelled in soccer.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sports and the Colonists

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Discuss two specific ways that playing sports teaches and encourages people to follow the rules.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Compare stock theories about U.S. sport.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Nurture Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Graduation rates are lower for minority college athletes. Discuss two specific ways that colleges and universities could increase this rate.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Closing the Athlete Graduation Gap

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Discuss the symbolic significance of the 2016 Rio Olympics.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Describe strategies for transforming the institution of sport.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Role of Agency and Resistance

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Based on the reading, what does our current discussion of diversity look like in professional sports?

Learning Objective: 9.1: Explain the state of sport in the United States.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The State of Sport Today

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Explain how sports was involved in reinforcing class status during the antebellum period in the south.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Apply the matrix approach to sport.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sports and the Colonists

Difficulty Level: Medium