Ch9 Elementary And Intermediate Quantitative Exam Questions

CHAPTER 9

TRUE/FALSE

1. Discrete data are inherently categorical.
2. Continuous data can be converted into discrete data, but discrete data cannot be converted into continuous data.
3. With nominal level data, some basic statistical comparison and crosstabulation are possible.
4. Likert-type scales (strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree) are interval level data.
5. The only difference between interval level data and ratio level data is the existence of equal distance among attributes.
6. Bivariate statistics that analyze the relationship between two variables can determine their causality.
7. Mean, mode, and median are measures of central tendency.
8. In a situation when there is no exact median, it can be calculated by taking the average of the middle two numbers.
9. Range is the difference between the highest score and the mean.
10. Range, variance, and standard deviation are measures of variability.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following is false regarding symbolic representations?
2. X: independent variable
3. N: the total number of elements in a sample
4. Σ: summation
5. s²: variance
6. __________ data are collected from categories; therefore, they have a set endpoint and are finite.
7. Quantitative
8. Qualitative
9. Discrete
10. Continuous
11. A person’s __________ is not an example of discrete data.
12. religion
13. race
14. gender
15. height
16. __________ data are not finite; therefore, they can be divided and broken down into smaller values such as 1.53.
17. Quantitative
18. Qualitative
19. Discrete
20. Continuous
21. A person’s __________ is not an example of continuous data?
22. marital status
23. weight
24. money
25. grade point average
26. Which of the following is false regarding nominal level data?
27. Nominal level data do not have any weight; therefore, their numerical values do not have any mathematical meaning.
28. An example of nominal level data can be gender. Male is not considered “more than” or “less than” female.
29. As nominal level data do not have mathematical meanings, even calculating frequencies or percentages are not possible.
30. Good nominal level variables are exhaustive and mutually exclusive, which allows limited statistical analyses.
31. Which of the followings is false regarding ordinal level data?
32. Ordinal level data are categorical; however, they are rank ordered.
33. Ordinal level data are exhaustive and mutually exclusive.
34. Ordinal level data do not have equal distance between ranks.
35. None of the above
36. Which of the following is an example of ordinal level data?
37. Race
38. Likert-type scale
39. IQ score
40. Height
41. Examples of __________ level data include GRE scores and IQ scores.
42. nominal
43. ordinal
44. interval
45. ratio
46. Which of the following characteristics must interval level data have?
47. Exhaustiveness and mutual exclusiveness
48. Exhaustiveness, mutual exclusiveness, and rank order
49. Exhaustiveness, mutual exclusiveness, rank order, and equal distance between values
50. Exhaustiveness, mutual exclusiveness, rank order, equal distance between values, and a true zero point
51. Examples of __________ level data include weight, height, and enzyme activity that have a true zero as a starting point.
52. nominal
53. ordinal
54. interval
55. ratio
56. Which of the following is false regarding statistical analyses?
57. Univariate statistics are descriptive in nature whereby single variables are described.
58. Bivariate statistics explain if two variables are associated.
59. Multivariate statistics determine the effect that multiple independent variables have on a dependent variable.
60. None of the above
61. Which of the following can determine the causality between variables?
62. Univariate statistics
63. Bivariate statistics
64. Multivariate statistics
65. Descriptive statistics
66. Which of the following is an example of central tendency measures?
67. Mean
68. Mode
69. Median
70. All of the above
71. Which of the following is false regarding measures of central tendency?
72. Measures of central tendency refer to “middleness.”
73. The mean is the exact middle number in a distribution.
74. The symbol for the sample mean is M_x.
75. The mode is the number or category that occurs most often.
76. The following numbers are the exam results of 10 students:

70, 75, 75, 75, 80, 85, 95, 95, 100, 100

What is the mean?

1. 75
2. 80
3. 82.5
4. 85
5. The following numbers are the exam results of 10 students:

70, 75, 75, 75, 80, 85, 95, 95, 100, 100

What is the mode?

1. 75
2. 80
3. 82.5
4. 85
5. The following numbers are the exam results of 10 students:

70, 75, 75, 75, 80, 85, 95, 95, 100, 100

What is the median?

1. 75
2. 80
3. 82.5
4. 85
5. The following numbers are the exam results of 10 students:

70, 75, 75, 75, 80, 85, 95, 95, 100, 100

What is the range?

1. 70
2. 100
3. 5
4. 30
5. The following numbers are the exam results of 10 students:

70, 75, 75, 75, 80, 85, 95, 95, 100, 100

What is the variance?

1. 85
2. 100
3. 133.33
4. 170
5. The following numbers are the exam results of 10 students:

70, 75, 75, 75, 80, 85, 95, 95, 100, 100

What is the standard deviation?

1. 9.22
2. 10
3. 11.55
4. 13.04
5. Which of the following is false regarding qualitative analyses?
6. Qualitative researchers must present their own personal interpretation of the data.
7. The most important contribution of qualitative research is to test theories using qualitative data.
8. Qualitative research is less structured and more participative.
9. None of the above
10. There are four primary positions about how to best analyze qualitative data. Which of the following is about poststructralism?
11. Qualitative research needs to meet the same standards that exist for quantitative research.
12. Separate standards unique to qualitative research needs to be developed because of an alternate paradigm that exists for qualitative research.
13. There can be no set criteria applied to evaluate the quality of qualitative research.
14. An entire new set of rules needs to be developed specifically relevant for qualitative research.

FILL-IN-THE-BLANK

1. __________ is the use of mathematical techniques to analyze population characteristic through sampling strategies.
2. __________ are variables that are limited to a specific number of cases. They are usually related to whole numbers, such as the number of pets a person owns.
3. __________ are variables that can have a nonspecific number of values.
4. __________ are data that can be divided into mutually exclusive specific groups that have no numerical distinction.
5. __________ are exhaustive and mutually exclusive data that have a rank order, but exact distance between attributes cannot be measured.
6. __________ are exhaustive and mutually exclusive data that have a rank order and equal distance between attributes with an arbitrary meaning of zero.
7. __________ are exhaustive and mutually exclusive data that have a rank order and equal distance between attributes with a true meaning of zero.
8. __________ represents the average that can be calculated by dividing the sum of the scores by the total number of sample size.
9. __________ represents the most common response.
10. __________represents the mid-point that divides the scores into two equal halves.
11. __________ represents the difference between the highest and lowest values in the data set.
12. __________ is a measure of dispersion, representing the average squared deviations of each case from its mean value.
13. __________ is the square root of the variance.
14. __________ is a philosophical approach that requires qualitative analyses to meet the same standards for quantitative research.
15. __________ notes that the very nature and uniqueness of each qualitative study make it impossible to apply universal standards for qualitative research.