Ch.8 Watch Out For These: Logical Fallacies Full Test Bank

Test Bank, Chapter 8

Quiz questions set 1. True or False?

1. ^A fallacy is an error in reasoning.
2. ^The appeal to the people fallacy attacks all people.
3. The snob appeal fallacy attacks snobbish people.
4. The slippery slope fallacy is used only in the winter, on snowy days.
5. The red herring fallacy is employed only by fishermen.
6. The fallacy of illicit appeal to authority is wrong because authorities are always wrong.
7. The begging the question fallacy is a case of circular reasoning.
8. The genetic fallacy is a fallacy in the science of genetics.
9. Some fallacies are logically valid arguments.
10. ^The appeal to the people fallacy is about things that appeal to people.
11. The fallacy of composition is usually committed by cooks.
12. The fallacy of division is usually committed by mathematicians.
13. The fallacy of equivocation occurs when a word is used with one meaning in one place in an argument and then is used with a different meaning later on in the argument, and the argument works only if the shift in meaning is undetected.
14. ^The following is one of the fallacies identified in the text: Don’t accept his conclusion; he associates with known gangsters.
15. The following is one of the fallacies identified in the text: You should agree with my conclusion; I’ve had a lot of bad luck in my life and it hasn’t been my fault either.
16. The following is not one of the fallacies identified in the text: the gumball fallacy.
17. ^The following is not one of the fallacies identified in the text: the fallacy of the forgotten ellipses.
18. The following is not one of the fallacies identified in the text: the fallacy of the misplaced comma.
19. The following argument commits the fallacy of division: The average person is 5 foot 8 inches tall. Joe is a person. So Joe must be 5 foot eight inches tall.
20. The following argument commits the fallacy of composition: Each brick weighs less than ten pounds. So this brick building must weigh less than ten pounds.
21. The following argument commits the fallacy of division: Each car in the lot is a Ford. So the lot is a Ford.
22. The following argument commits the fallacy of composition: Water is composed of Hydrogen and Oxygen. These are gases. So water is a gas.

Quiz questions set 2. Short answer questions.

I. Which of the following contain ad hominem fallacies?

1. Senator Smith was involved in serious criminal activities before he was elected. He was let out of jail on a technicality. Senator Smith is the sponsor of the new housing bill. Therefore, the new housing bill is not a good bill.
2. Senator Smith was involved in serious criminal activities before he was elected. A U.S. senator should be trustworthy. Therefore, Senator Smith is not qualified to be a U.S. senator.
3. Professor Jones says that socialism is a good thing. But Professor Jones is a former member of the Communist Party and once advocated killing all priests and nuns. So socialism must not be a very nice system.

Quiz questions set 3. Name the Fallacy.

1. ^Joe: We need new laws to protect the disabled. They are being marginalized in our overly competitive society.

Fred: I disagree. Everybody is disabled in one way or another. Are you going to make a set of laws protecting each person? That would be ridiculous.

2. Camper at a summer camp: The camp P.A. system should play rock ’n’ roll music.

Camp director: Heavy metal music is devil music—it will destroy the moral fiber of our youth.

3. Nuclear power is dangerous and should be outlawed. I know this is true because Woody Harrelson said so, and he’s a famous Hollywood actor.

4. Joe: You shouldn’t trust anyone in authority.

Rita: Why?

Joe: My college teacher told me so.

5. ^Ed, you really should take Suzie to the prom; after all, she hasn’t had a date in a year, and she’s really lonely.

6. You really should not evict that tenant, even though he hasn’t paid any rent in six months, for he lost his job, he lost his wife, he lost all his money gambling, and he doesn’t have anywhere to go except to move back with his folks.

8. You say that all actions are determined, but that is false, for I saw Fred playing basketball last night, and he didn’t act very determined about winning.

9. This matter is best decided by an authority. Professor Jones isn’t much of an authority, for his kids don’t obey him (so he has little authority around the house). So Professor Jones should not decide the matter.

10. The sign at the Schaeffer School of Carpentry says: “Enroll in our school and learn how to build a house in three months.” So I guess when I graduate, I’ll be able to build my own house in three months.

11. ^There’s no sign saying “No Trespassing,” so it must be OK to walk on this property.

13. Fred is a good person, and Rita is a good person. So if they get married, they’ll make a good couple.

14. ^Professor A is a good teacher, and professor B is a good teacher. They plan to team teach a course together next fall, so they will make a good teaching team.

15. Joe has been missing for five years, but he must be alive, because nobody has reported him dead.

16. We should not pass a bill providing tuition assistance to students, for it we do that, then they’ll want all their college paid for by the taxpayer. Eventually, they’ll want the state to pay for their food and housing and beer and all their expenses. Then they’ll want the taxpayers to pay for all their living expenses and it will bankrupt the state.

1. Sue has a good voice. Joe has a good voice. So they should make a good musical duo.