Ch8 Neuromuscular System The Plan Of Care Test Bank Answers

Chapter 08. Neuromuscular System: The Plan of Care

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. When using a top-down approach to developing a plan of care for a child new to physical therapy, the order of the procedure is which of the following?
   1. Evaluate child impairments, set goals for child, and develop a plan for intervention.
   2. Develop collaborative goals, examine patient to determine physical therapy diagnosis, determine prognosis, and create a plan of care.
   3. Perform standardized assessment, interpret results, discuss results with patient’s family, and create a plan of care.
   4. Determine patient impairments, perform standardized assessment, develop a plan of care, and discuss the plan with patient’s family.
2. Application of the information-processing perspective to pediatric physical therapy is best illustrated by:
   1. considering cognitive aspects of motor learning, such as attention, memory, and the processing that occurs before a movement is initiated.
   2. structuring the treatment environment to eliminate distracting stimuli.
   3. repeating a task multiple times to ensure motor memory.
   4. understanding that many body systems come together to affect movements.
3. According to the information processing perspective, memory:
   1. can interfere with creating new movement patterns.
   2. enables a person to benefit from prior experience.
   3. must be embedded within a task.
   4. does not affect performance, but is important in learning.
4. When a therapist tells a child how many feet he was able to run in 10 seconds, the therapist is providing which of the following?
   1. Intrinsic feedback
   2. Negative reinforcement
   3. Attention
   4. Extrinsic feedback
5. Select the practice scenario that is most likely to facilitate motor learning in a child with a neurological impairment.
   1. Promoting error-free practice to avoid learning bad habits
   2. Practicing in the clinic setting to control external stimuli
   3. Varying the practice situation to include several versions of the task
   4. Provide a substantial amount of verbal rationale
6. Which is not a good guideline for the physical therapist to follow when providing augmented information to a child with a neurological condition during practice of a novel task?
   1. Always use physical guidance at some point in practice
   2. Consider the use of visual feedback during practice
   3. Consider the learning style of the child
   4. Determine how impairments might affect the process of learning
7. For which activity is part practice most likely to be beneficial?
   1. Walking
   2. Sit to stand transitions
   3. Crawling
   4. Putting on a shirt
8. When providing physical guidance, the instructor should consider all of the following except:
   1. the phase of learning a task.
   2. the child’s frustration in achieving the movement pattern required for the task.
   3. methods for reducing or fading the use of manual guidance as the child gets the general idea of how to perform the task.
   4. how long the child has been practicing the skill.
9. When learning a new motor skill, the novice learner may:
   1. engage all possible degrees of freedom, resulting in uncoordinated movements.
   2. incorporate the motion-dependent forces from the leg and trunk.
   3. selectively limit the degrees of freedom, resulting in “stiffer” movement patterns.
   4. increase the number of synergies used, resulting in smoother movement patterns.
10. Which type of practice would best facilitate the generalization of motor skills?
    1. Specific practice
    2. Blocked practice
    3. Part-task practice
    4. Variable practice
11. Which of the following best describes the activity-focused interventions model for children with neurological diagnoses?
    1. The primary emphasis in the plan of care is on impairments that limit the performance of functional activity.
    2. The single focus of physical therapy interventions is on practice of the functional activities.
    3. The emphasis is on practice of functional activities that lead to participation changes, but interventions that address impairments in body functions and structures are also integrated into the plan of care.
    4. The primary focus is on environmental modifications that allow the child to participate in activities.
12. According to the perception-action framework, there is a reciprocal relationship between the individual and the environment and objects in the environment provide opportunities for movement. What are these objects in the environment called?
    1. Extrinsic rationale
    2. Affordances
    3. Variables
    4. Reinforcers
13. The objective for generalization of stair climbing for a child with spastic diplegia is that the child will climb stairs at school independently using his crutches and a step-by-step pattern. What is your plan for generalization?
    1. Train and hope
    2. Start with relaxation and range of motion exercises
    3. Whole practice in different environments
    4. Part practice in the clinic
14. You are treating a 13-month-old child who is not yet sitting independently. He requires support at the hips to sit on the floor, and your goal for him is to sit independently. Focusing on function, which intervention strategies would be most appropriate?
    1. Playing in prone to strengthen his trunk muscles and floor sitting activities while playing with toys with decreasing amounts of physical assistance provided
    2. Strengthening activities, such as having the child perform assisted sit-ups and sitting on a therapy ball
    3. Using pillows around the hips and trunk to completely prop the child into a supported sitting position to play
    4. Reducing tone and active range of motion
15. Physical guidance should be:
    1. used to achieve high-level advanced motor skill performance.
    2. used when the child finds the task easy but does not want to perform the task.
    3. faded out and withdrawn when the child has a general idea of the movement.
    4. included in all physical therapy interventions.
16. Which statement regarding the concept of “constraints on action” is not true?
    1. They are factors that limit or “constrain” the possible movement outcomes as a child performs a functional action.
    2. They can relate to the performer, the task, or the environment.
    3. They are theoretical concepts that have yet to be applied to the clinical environment.
    4. They can be linked to the concept of control parameter from the Dynamic Systems Perspective on motor learning.
17. To foster brain reorganization associated with neural plasticity, therapists should design practice to:
    1. encourage repetition and problem solving.
    2. be predicable and limit challenges.
    3. eliminate variability and encourage repetition.
    4. ensure maximal challenge and problem solving.
18. The therapist is working with a young child with cerebral palsy who becomes distracted easily as she has difficulty filtering out irrelevant environmental stimuli. This child has difficulty with:
    1. working memory.
    2. selective attention.
    3. dual tasking.
    4. generalized motor programs.
19. The therapist practices sit to stand transfers from a lower surface with a 12-year-old to address lower extremity weakness. This therapist is using:
    1. activity-focused interventions.
    2. active impairment-focused interventions.
    3. therapeutic interventions.
    4. passive impairment-focused interventions.

True/False

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. There is emerging evidence that increased intensity of physical therapy interventions can improve physical therapy outcomes.
2. The difference between learning and changes in performance is that learning is the immediate effect of practice.
3. Activity-focused interventions for participation should not be integrated with interventions for body functions and structures.
4. Working memory is also called short-term memory.

Fill in the blank

Fill in the blank with the correct answer.

1. Deficits in ________________ are thought to explain the challenges with timing, spatial organization, and estimating distances in many children with developmental coordination disorder.

Mark All That Apply

Mark all correct answers

1. In addition to procedural interventions by the physical therapist, what other categories of intervention, as outlined by the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, should be integrated into the plan of care?
   1. Communication with parents
   2. Communication with other members of the interdisciplinary team
   3. Instruction to family, classroom staff, and child in many areas
   4. Communication with the community agency overseeing services for the child

Chapter 08