Ch7 Test Questions & Answers Exercise And Sport Nutrition

Chapter 7: Exercise and Sport Nutrition

1. True or False? Nutrition is defined as the science that interprets the connection between food and the function of the living organism.

A) True

B) False

2. True or False? Nutritional intake strongly influences the development and progression of chronic diseases and poor health conditions such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, a variety of cancers, and obesity.

A) True

B) False

3. True or False? Carbohydrate loading has been shown to increase muscle glycogen levels and improve certain types of aerobic endurance exercise performance.

A) True

B) False

4. True or False? Epidemiologic studies such as the Framingham Heart Study and the Harvard Alumni Study have helped identify specific dietary factors that are associated with cardiovascular disease including the consumption of high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol.

A) True

B) False

5. True or False? The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is designed to obtain information about the health status of the U.S. citizens.

A) True

B) False

6. True or False? Below-normal levels of blood glucose are referred to as hyperglycemia.

A) True

B) False

7. True or False? Dietary fat and cholesterol are critical to the normal functioning of body tissues and overall good health of the body.

A) True

B) False

8. True or False? Fat-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body and therefore must be consumed in the diet on a regular basis.

A) True

B) False

9. True or False? A primary challenge for obtaining accurate nutritional information lies in the interpretation of the item from the dietary record or recall and the selection of the matching food item from the nutrition database.

A) True

B) False

10. True or False? The Dietary Guidelines for Americans summarize and synthesize knowledge regarding nutrient and food components into recommendations for a pattern of eating that can be adapted by the general public.

A) True

B) False

11. True or False? Through daily dietary manipulation, the storage of muscle glycogen can be returned to normal levels or elevated above normal levels, and this helps improve performance in certain types of sport and athletic competitions.

A) True

B) False

12. True or False? During prolonged exercise, the body uses up its available stores of muscle glycogen and increasingly relies on blood glucose supplied by the liver.

A) True

B) False

13. True or False? Both vitamins and minerals can be used to directly produce energy during exercise.

A) True

B) False

14. True or False? Antioxidant vitamins are needed in sufficient quantities in the diet because of their ability to protect the body from damage caused by oxygen-free radicals.

A) True

B) False

15. True or False? In general, athletes do not require more minerals than healthy physically active people, but athletes who do not receive sufficient minerals from foods may be at risk for certain disease conditions.

A) True

B) False

16. True or False? Electrolytes are lost predominately in sweat and a significant reduction in electrolytes can impair both sport and athletic performance.

A) True

B) False

17. True or False? Creatine is an ergogenic aid that improves exercise performance by increasing energy production during high-intensity exercise.

A) True

B) False

18. True or False? Direct calorimetry is the level of metabolism, as measured by energy expenditure, required to maintain the normal physiologic functions of the body.

A) True

B) False

19. True or False? The development of the muscle biopsy procedure led to the understanding of how protein metabolism influences long-duration exercise.

A) True

B) False

20. True or False? Micronutrients such as protein are only required in small quantities in an individual’s diet.

A) True

B) False

21. True or False? Dietary protein can come from both animal and plant sources.

A) True

B) False

22. True or False? Consuming only water during long-duration training and competition will help maintain euhydration, but it will not replace the electrolytes lost in sweat.

A) True

B) False

23. True or False? Drinking to thirst and planning to drink are the primary strategies for maintaining appropriate hydration during training and competition.

A) True

B) False

24. Excess sodium and alcohol consumption has been shown to increase a person’s risk of developing:

A) hypertension.

B) osteoporosis.

C) breast cancer.

D) colon cancer.

25. One of the early experiments in nutrition demonstrated that dogs fed only with ______ would die prematurely.

A) carbohydrates and protein

B) carbohydrates and fat

C) protein and fat

D) protein and carbohydrates

26. The development and use of the muscle biopsy procedure by Swedish researchers in the 1960s allowed for the original determination of how:

A) fast muscle glycogen was depleted during exercise.

B) quickly protein was used during resistance exercise.

C) vitamins and minerals are used to produce energy.

D) much water is needed to prevent dehydration during exercise.

27. Which of the following nutrients is predominately responsible for providing energy during moderate to high-intensity physical activity or exercise?

A) Carbohydrates

B) Fats

C) Proteins

D) Minerals

28. The condition of ______ occurs when blood glucose cannot be taken into the cells of the body as a result of insufficient insulin production.

A) Type 1 diabetes

B) Type 2 diabetes

C) hypocholesterolemia

D) hyperlipidemia

29. During _________, the body breaks down tissue proteins, typically skeletal muscle, to ensure the formation of the essential proteins of the body.

A) anabolism

B) catabolism

C) hypertrophy

D) hyperplasia

30. One of the main disadvantages to using the dietary record to measure food intake is:

A) that it does not rely on short-term memory.

B) that accurate estimates of portion sizes with the use of food models can be made.

C) it allows for the inclusion of culture-specific foods.

D) that it requires motivation for a prolonged period of record keeping.

31. An increased daily consumption of fruits and vegetables can result in:

A) an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

B) an increased risk of hypertension.

C) a decreased risk of colon cancer.

D) a decreased level of HDL cholesterol.

32. Athletes participating in sports that require high levels of muscular strength require:

A) more protein than the recommended daily intake.

B) less carbohydrates than endurance athletes.

C) less protein than endurance athletes.

D) fewer vitamins and minerals than the recommended daily intake.

33. Which of the following factors would require an increased daily protein intake?

A) Exercise lasting less than 15 minutes

B) Good protein quality in the daily diet

C) Reduced carbohydrate intake in the daily diet

D) Female athlete compared to a male athlete

34. Which of the following conditions may result from too much water intake without sufficient electrolyte replacement?

A) Euhydration

B) Hyponatremia

C) Hyperinsulinemia

D) Hypohydration

35. Nutritional ergogenic aids may work to enhance sport and athletic performance by:

A) reducing energy production during exercise.

B) enhancing catabolic activities in the body.

C) aiding in recovery from exercise.

D) promoting a reduction in work performed by the body.

36. The measurement of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to determine energy expenditure is called:

A) basal metabolic rate

B) direct calorimetry

C) indirect calorimetry

D) basal human proportion

37. Data from NHANES and other epidemiologic studies have demonstrated the relationships between:

A) anabolic and catabolic actions within the body.

B) diet and increased risk for certain disease conditions.

C) Type 1 and Type 2 insulin resistance.

D) dietary recall and dietary record assessments of food intake.

38. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are designed to:

A) promote health and to reduce risk for chronic diseases.

B) identify areas of food swamps.

C) determine where food stores should be placed.

D) reduce the risk of food deserts.

39. The consumption of carbohydrate during long-duration exercise is designed to:

A) increase muscle and liver glycogen concentrations.

B) maintain the blood glucose concentration.

C) improve recovery following exercise.

D) promote the use of amino acids.

40. The use of a high-fat diet to improve performance may be effective for:

A) strength-power athletes.

B) team sport athletes.

C) endurance athletes.

D) high-intensity, short-duration athletes.

41. Antioxidant vitamins are important for athletes to consume, because the vitamins:

A) reduce the formation of oxygen-free radicals.

B) promote the development of muscle strength.

C) increase the energy formed from protein metabolism.

D) decrease the loss of bone mass from the skeleton.

42. Which of the following ergogenic aids has the greatest potential to increase performance during competition?

A) Sodium bicarbonate

B) Omega-3 fatty acids

C) L-carnitine

D) Caffeine