Ch7 Sexuality And Sexual Expression Throughout Exam Prep

Chapter 7: Sexuality and Sexual Expression throughout Life

7.1 Quick Quiz

1. Which of the following is true of sexual identity?
2. It is a unidimensional concept.
3. It focuses on psychological instead of biological components.
4. It refers to an awareness of ourselves as male or female.
5. It emphasizes physiological aspects rather than sociological aspects.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Javier and Maria are attracted to both males and females. They can be classified as __________.
   1. homosexual
   2. heterosexual
   3. transsexual
   4. bisexual

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. __________ specifies the formal or informal norms for acceptable or unacceptable sexual activity, including which individuals are eligible sexual partners, and the boundaries of sexual behavior.
   1. Gender role
   2. Sexual orientation
   3. Sexual script
   4. Sexual identity

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Nathan is dating Natasha, a cheerleader. He dates and has sex with her because some of his classmates teased him about being a virgin and claimed he was gay. This is an example of what kind of reason to have sex?
2. interpersonal
3. situational
4. structural
5. developmental

Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain why we have first-time sex, casual sex, and sex in committed relationships.

Topic: Why We Have Sex

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Ideally, __________ should be a child’s first and best sex educators.
   1. parents
   2. peers
   3. school
   4. church leaders

Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.

Topic: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. __________ refers to arousal of sexual feelings without an external stimulus from another person.
   1. Flirting
   2. Kissing
   3. Sex
   4. Autoeroticism

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.

Topic: Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is an example of homophobia?
2. Anne protests at her local school district to make sure that same sex relationships are not discussed during sex ed.
3. Oscar insists that he be allowed to take his boyfriend, Mitchell to prom.
4. Rhea tells her children that same sex marriage is legal in the U.S. but not allowed at their local church.
5. Mario invites his colleague Ella and her wife to a company BBQ.

Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the prevalence, sexual behaviors, and societal reactions to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender sex.

Topic: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Sex

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following is a reason why there has been a decline of teen sexual intercourse since the early 1990s?
   1. Adolescents who engage in oral and anal sex believe that they’ve engaged in sex.
   2. Teenagers define themselves as virgins because they have not engaged in any sexual behaviors.
   3. Values and practical considerations affect decisions about sex.
   4. Adolescents have strained relationships with their parents.

Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how sexual behavior changes over the life course.

Topic: Sexuality throughout Life

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following is a micro reason why people engage in extramarital sex?
   1. economic problems
   2. the anonymity of urban life
   3. revenge or retaliation
   4. changing gender roles

Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its consequences.

Topic: Sexual Infidelity

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is an accurate statement about sexually transmitted infections and diseases?
2. Syphilis is the most common sexually transmitted infection.
3. HIV and AIDS can be treated and cured.
4. There are a total of 20 types of STIs.
5. STIs are transmittable even when there are no symptoms.

Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, their causes, effects, risks, and increasing rates.

Topic: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

7.2 Test Questions

1. The sexual drive that makes us receptive to sexual activity is called __________.
2. sexual orientation
3. sexual identity
4. sexual desire
5. sexual script

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. The biological aspects of sexuality that include experiencing pleasure or orgasm is called __________.
   1. gender role
   2. sexual identity
   3. sexual script
   4. sexual response

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. People’s preference for sexual partners of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes indicates their __________.
   1. gender role
   2. sexual orientation
   3. sexual script
   4. sexual desire

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Amanda, age 24, is sexually attracted to other women but not men. She is a __________.
   1. heterosexual
   2. bisexual
   3. homosexual
   4. transsexual

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply what You Know

1. Pierre, age 35, is sexually attracted to women but not men. He is a __________.
   • • 1. homosexual
       2. bisexual
       3. transsexual
       4. heterosexual

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Patrick lacks any interest in or desire for sex. Patrick can be categorized as a(n) __________.
   1. asexual
   2. bisexual
   3. intersexual
   4. homosexual

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply what You Know

1. Which of the following traits is common to homosexual men and heterosexual women?
   1. Both are bisexual.
   2. Both are always hyperfeminine.
   3. Both lack the desire for sex.
   4. Both are sexually attracted to men.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. The belief that being straight is superior to and more "natural" than being gay is called __________.
   • • 1. heterosexism
       2. misandry
       3. biphobia
       4. androgyny

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following best describes intersexed individuals?
2. They are classified as bisexuals and are attracted to people of both sexes.
3. They are one of the most predominant sexual orientations worldwide.
4. They are born with non-differentiated genitalia.
5. They have a fear of homosexuality.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Pablo, age 33, likes dressing up as a woman for fun and as part of his job. However, he does not consider himself a woman. In this scenario, Pablo can be classified as a(n) __________.
   1. asexual
   2. transsexual
   3. transvestite
   4. intersexual

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following theories suggests that sexual orientation is strongly molded by factors such as the early influence of sex hormones after conception?
   1. developmental theories
   2. social constructionist theories
   3. biological theories
   4. cultural theories

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Benjamin believes that sexual behavior is largely the result of societal pressure. He finds that culture plays an important role in forming our sexual identity. With which of the following theories does Benjamin’s belief coincide?
   • • 1. psychoanalytic theories
       2. social constructionist theories
       3. biological theories
       4. social exchange theories

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Some scholars state that gender is a more powerful factor than sexual orientation in shaping a person’s behavior. They assert that there are more similarities between straight and gay men and between straight women and lesbians than there are between lesbians and gays. Which of the following, true statements supports this argument?
   • • 1. Gay men and heterosexual women only engage in monogamous relationships.
       2. Lesbians and heterosexual men often separate emotional intimacy from sex.
       3. Lesbians and gays are more likely to have more than one lover at a time.
       4. Lesbians and heterosexual women are more likely to believe love and sex go hand-in-hand.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following is true of sexual scripts?
   • • 1. They eliminate sexual double standards.
       2. They remain constant over time.
       3. They increase women’s hypersexualization.
       4. They are universal across groups.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following is a negative effect of male sexual scripts?
   • • 1. They encourage men to control their sexual urges.
       2. They downplay physical characteristics and emphasize emotional commitment.
       3. They require women to initiate and be assertive in sexual encounters.
       4. They expect males to be sexually aggressive.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. A negative outcome of male sexual scripts is the expectation that __________.
   • • 1. women should have more sexual freedom than men
       2. the sexual urge of men is uncontrollable
       3. men must engage in sex with one woman
       4. men must be sexually passive

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is an indicator of the persistence of the sexual double standard?
   • • 1. An adolescent girl’s popularity increases if she has several sexual partners at a time.
       2. Men and women are expected to communicate about sex to each other.
       3. Men who commit sexual assaults on women are given harsh punishment.
       4. Women undergo vaginal surgery so that their partners can experience sex with a virgin.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following statements best indicates the level of sexual knowledge in the United States?
2. Less than half of U.S. adults have a good understanding of contraception.
3. Most U.S. adults have a good understanding of contraception.
4. Teens don’t have a good understanding of contraception, but all adults do.
5. Almost all teens are taught formally about birth control.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following functions does casual sex serve?
   • • 1. experimentation
       2. commitment
       3. self-disclosure
       4. fulfillment of duties

Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain why we have first-time sex, casual sex, and sex in committed relationships.

Topic: Why We Have Sex

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following functions does sex serve in long-term relationships?
   • • 1. preventing self-disclosure
       2. experimentation
       3. freedom
       4. interdependence

Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain why we have first-time sex, casual sex, and sex in committed relationships.

Topic: Why We Have Sex

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Eva began to go through puberty at age 8 and by age 12, looked older than her age. Eva has sex early, because she isn’t sure how to deal with sexual advances from an older boy at school. This is an example of what type of reason for first time sex?
2. interpersonal
3. developmental
4. situational
5. structural

Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain why we have first-time sex, casual sex, and sex in committed relationships.

Topic: Why We Have Sex

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following is an example of a structural reason why people have sex for the first time?
2. Teenagers are more likely to engage in sex at an early age if they experience family turbulence and are disengaged from their parents.
3. Teens are more likely to engage in sex when they are pressured to by friends
4. Teens are more likely to engage in sex when they are in a romantic relationship.
5. Teens are more likely to engage in sex because they feel physical arousal and follow their impulses or are simply curious about sex.

Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain why we have first-time sex, casual sex, and sex in committed relationships.

Topic: Why We Have Sex

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Hooking up is an example of casual sex that serves which of the following functions among young adults?
2. increasing intimacy
3. encouraging self-disclosure
4. fostering interdependence
5. having fun

Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain why we have first-time sex, casual sex, and sex in committed relationships.

Topic: Why We Have Sex

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Studies show that parents or guardians should be the first and best sex educators for children. Which of the following, if true, supports this finding?
   • 1. They are more likely to be knowledgeable about sex education than teachers or counselors.
     2. They are more likely to have the children’s best interests at heart.
     3. They are more likely to be open to talk about sex education than the children’s peers.
     4. They are more likely to face cultural and language barriers with their children.

Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.

Topic: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. When parents are effective sex educators, there are a number of outcomes for children. Which of the following is a consequence of effective sex education?
   • • 1. It increases sexually risky behavior.
       2. It increases the number of unwanted pregnancies.
       3. It delays first-time sexual intercourse.
       4. It decreases control over one’s sexual behavior.

Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.

Topic: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Peers are among the most common sources of information about sex. Which of the following statements supports this claim?
   1. Peers are likely to be more open than parents about discussing sex.
   2. They are more likely to be misinformed about sex.
   3. Children confide more in their siblings than in their peers.
   4. Over 90 percent of teenagers worldwide receive sex education from school counselors.

Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.

Topic: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Roger is a middle-aged man who lives with his family in the suburbs. Which of the following would indicate that Roger measures high on religiosity?
2. Roger belongs to a dominant religious group.
3. Roger regularly attends religious services.
4. Roger has a strong bond with his children.
5. Roger’s everyday decisions are free from the influence of religion.

Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.

Topic: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. A comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) for students __________.
   • • 1. starts in the twelfth grade
       2. includes medically accurate information
       3. ends in the tenth grade
       4. focuses solely on abstinence and contraception

Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.

Topic: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Rita works as a teacher at a high school. She is in charge of the school’s abstinence program and opposes Comprehensive Sex Education programs. She believes that abstinence programs are more effective in decreasing sexual behavior among teens. Which of the following is a true statement that weakens her argument?
   • • 1. Research indicates that abstinence only programs do not increase the age of sexual initiation.
       2. Studies show that most abstinence programs increase contraceptive use.
       3. A majority of adolescents who took virginity pledges had an active sexual life only after marriage.
       4. In states with predominant abstinence programs, unintended teen pregnancy rates are lower than those without a CSE curriculum.

Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.

Topic: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following is true of sexual fantasies?
   • • 1. Women are more likely than men to have sexual fantasies.
       2. They involve some form of direct physical stimulation.
       3. They are emotionally and psychologically unhealthy.
       4. They can boost people’s self-image.

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.

Topic: Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Sexual self-pleasuring that involves some form of direct physical stimulation is called __________.
   • • 1. masturbation
       2. intercourse
       3. oral sex
       4. flirting

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.

Topic: Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Masturbation __________.
   • • 1. ends during adolescence
       2. is the most common of all sex acts
       3. hinders the development of social relationships
       4. refers to the use of external stimulus to arouse sexual feelings

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.

Topic: Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following is a reason why masturbation is more common among men than women?
   • • 1. Women are more likely than men to watch pornography.
       2. Social norms stigmatize men for masturbation more than they do for women.
       3. Women are more likely than men to masturbate watching pornography.
       4. Men are freed from the emotional connections that many women seek.

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.

Topic: Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. A similarity between masturbation and sexual fantasies is that both __________.
   • • 1. are emotionally unhealthy
       2. involve an external stimulus
       3. can relieve sexual tension
       4. end in adulthood

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.

Topic: Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Oral stimulation of a man's penis is called __________.
   • • 1. cunnilingus
       2. fellatio
       3. anal sex
       4. coitus

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.

Topic: Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Oral stimulation of a woman's genitals is called __________.
   • • 1. fellatio
       2. vulva
       3. cunnilingus
       4. coitus

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.

Topic: Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following is a difference between oral and anal sex?
   • • 1. Anal sex involves manual stimulation whereas oral sex does not.
       2. Anal sex can be performed simultaneously whereas oral sex cannot.
       3. Oral sex is a heterosexual behavior whereas anal sex is not.
       4. Oral sex involves penile-vaginal intercourse whereas anal sex does not.

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.

Topic: Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following is a common myth about sex and sexual response?
   • • 1. Withdrawal is an effective birth control method.
       2. Penile erections, ejaculations, and orgasms don’t occur simultaneously.
       3. Most men have a very small penis size.
       4. Both simultaneous orgasms and independent orgasms can be satisfying.

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe at least four types of sexual behaviors.

Topic: Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following is a reason why there isn’t an accurate figure on how many LGBTQ people are there in the United States?
   • • 1. Researchers define and measure sexual orientation in the same, standard way.
       2. Respondents may not be willing to disclose this information.
       3. People who engage in same-sex behavior consider themselves gay.
       4. More LGBTQs are willing to come out than in the past.

Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the prevalence, sexual behaviors, and societal reactions to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender sex.

Topic: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Sex

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following is a true statement that is an example of the greater acceptance of LGBTQ people in society.
2. Few Americans now support giving LGBTQ people workplace equality.
3. A majority of Americans believe discrimination against LGBTQ people is a problem.
4. No parents report that they would be upset if their children were to come out of to them.
5. LGBTQ teens report no bullying based on their sexuality

Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the prevalence, sexual behaviors, and societal reactions to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender sex.

Topic: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Sex

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following nations now allows people to designate a third gender on their passport?
2. the United States
3. Australia
4. Saudi Arabia
5. Mexico

Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the prevalence, sexual behaviors, and societal reactions to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender sex.

Topic: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Sex

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. __________ occurs when people engage in threats, assaults, or acts of violence directed at homosexuals.
2. Heteronormativity
3. Gender stigma
4. Gay bashing
5. Heterophobia

Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the prevalence, sexual behaviors, and societal reactions to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender sex.

Topic: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Sex

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. From a social exchange perspective, which of the following is a reason why adults remain in relationships that lack sexual intercourse?
   • • 1. One of the partners has mental-health problems.
       2. One of the partners suffers from a chronic illness.
       3. Companionship is more important than sexual activity.
       4. They don’t have a partner.

Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how sexual behavior changes over the life course.

Topic: Sexuality throughout Life

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. Which of the following is an accurate statement about marital sex?
   • • 1. Sexual frequency tends to increase as people age.
       2. Marital sexual frequency can decrease because of nonsexual problems.
       3. Sex is especially unsatisfying if both spouses believe in terms of the social exchange theory.
       4. Low sexual satisfaction is associated with high marital stability.

Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how sexual behavior changes over the life course.

Topic: Sexuality throughout Life

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. As people age, women experience a sexual double standard. Which of the following represents the problem of a sexual double standard for women?
   • • 1. Kimberly worries about her sexual attractiveness because she increasingly feels that she is being perceived as an asexual grandmother.
       2. Huan wants to have children whereas Lawrence, her husband, does not.
       3. After her husband died, Betty did not date for a long time until she met Bruce.
       4. Helen and Ralph, who have been dating since the past year, want different things out of the relationship.

Learning Objective: 7.6 Explain how sexual behavior changes over the life course.

Topic: Sexuality throughout Life

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Extramarital sex is considered more damaging than infidelity among people who are living together because __________.
   • • 1. cohabiting couples who cheat on their partners break a religious promise to be faithful
       2. those who engage in extramarital sex break a civil contract
       3. emotional fidelity is more important for cohabiting couples than for married couples
       4. emotional infidelity violates expectations of trust in committed relationships

Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its consequences

Topic: Sexual Infidelity

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Analyze It

1. A macro explanation for extramarital sex is __________.
   • • 1. a changed purpose of marriage
       2. a way out of marriage
       3. retaliation
       4. excitement

Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its consequences.

Topic: Sexual Infidelity

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Jacob and Amy have been dating for more than a year. Recently, Jacob found out that Amy cheated on him. Feeling betrayed and hurt, he engages in a physical relationship with Marie in order to get back at Amy. Jacob having sex with Marie can be attributed to __________ reasons.
   1. physical
   2. revenge
   3. emotional
   4. insecurity

Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its consequences.

Topic: Sexual Infidelity

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Which of the following is an example of a macro reason for extramarital sex?
   • • 1. Wayne has extramarital sex to feel physically and socially desirable.
       2. Leonard works 60 hours a week and has an affair with his colleague.
       3. Jean has an extramarital affair because she wanted to get back at her husband for cheating on her.
       4. Carmen cheats on her husband so that he will get angry at her and file for a divorce.

Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its consequences.

Topic: Sexual Infidelity

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. A micro explanation for extramarital sex is __________.
   • • 1. economic problems
       2. a longer life
       3. technological advances
       4. excitement

Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its consequences.

Topic: Sexual Infidelity

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is an example of a micro-level reason for extramarital sex?
   • • 1. Oscar and Eva have been married for many decades, and Oscar is dissatisfied with their life so he engages in extramarital sex.
       2. Danielle, who has low self-esteem, cheats on her husband because it helps boost her ego.
       3. Mario engages in extramarital sex because he doesn’t see any legal or social costs in doing so.
       4. Monica has extramarital sex because she is economically independent and wants to be free to make her own decisions.

Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its consequences.

Topic: Sexual Infidelity

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Sharing needles can pass on HIV, but the most common infections are through __________.
   • • 1. coughing
       2. sexual activity
       3. drug use
       4. shared drinks

Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, their causes, effects, risks, and increasing rates.

Topic: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following transmits HIV?
   • • 1. donating blood
       2. toilet seats
       3. sneezing
       4. oral sex

Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, their causes, effects, risks, and increasing rates.

Topic: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Which of the following is a macro-level reason why STI rates are rising?
   • 1. Societal stigma and a lack of information promote infections.
     2. Too much information about sex is provided in comprehensive sex education.
     3. The majority of people in the U.S. engage in infidelity.
     4. Adults are more likely to engage in risky behavior as they age.

Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, their causes, effects, risks, and increasing rates.

Topic: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Which of the following is a micro-level reason why STI rates are rising?
   • • 1. The family environment increases risky behavior.
       2. Assimilation increases risky behavior.
       3. Poverty spreads infections.
       4. People aren’t aware of a partner’s sexual activities.

Learning Objective: 7.8 Describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, their causes, effects, risks, and increasing rates.

Topic: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. Discuss some indicators of the persistence of the sexual double-standard.

An ideal answer will include:

1. Among teens, boys with a high number of sexual partners are seen as more popular while girls are seen as less valuable.
2. High rates of sexual assault and rape of women are often dismissed as masculine misbehavior.
3. The aging process may enhance a man’s desirability because he has more resources and power. In contrast, an older woman may be regarded as an asexual grandmother.
4. The trend toward hypersexualized clothing for female infants and toddlers is another example of this double standard.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality throughout Life

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

1. How do gendered sexual scripts increase women’s hypersexualization, and what are some consequences of this?

An ideal answer will include:

1. Sexual scripts demonstrate a persistent sexual double standard.
2. In virtually every media form girls and women are sexualized, and physical beauty is emphasized.
3. Sexualized messages are reaching ever-younger audiences and teach or reinforce the idea that girls and women should be valued for their “sexiness” rather than their personalities and abilities.
4. Such sexualization can result in females being dissatisfied with their bodies, experiencing low self-esteem, tolerating sexual harassment and sexual violence, and a greater likelihood of having sex at an early age.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Explain how sexuality is a product of our sexual identity, sexual orientation, sexual knowledge, sexual scripts, and sexual self-efficacy.

Topic: Sexuality and Human Development

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. In what ways do parents influence their children’s sexual behavior?

An ideal answer will include:

1. Ideally, parents (or guardians) should be the first and best sex educators because they’re experienced and have their children’s interests at heart.
2. Parents who provide good sexual knowledge can delay first-time sexual intercourse, decrease sexually risky behavior, decrease the number of unwanted pregnancies, and help kids gain more control over their own sexual behavior.
3. Parents can also reinforce gendered norms about sex, teaching girls stricter standards than boys.
4. Parents can fail to talk to teens about sex because they don’t think their children are sexually active.

Learning Objective: 7.3 Describe five primary sources that influence our sexual behavior.

Topic: Who Influences Our Sexual Behavior?

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

1. Explain the concept of homophobia and provide several examples of homophobia in contemporary U.S. culture.

An ideal answer will include:

1. Homophobia is the fear and hatred of homosexuality and LGBTQ people.
2. Examples might include parents blocking health curricula that discuss homosexuality in public schools.
3. Lesbian and gay students ages 13 to 17 are twice as likely as their straight peers to be assaulted, harassed, shoved, or kicked at school is another example of homophobia.
4. Slurs or jokes targeted at teens or adults based on sexual orientation are additional examples of homophobia.

Learning Objective: 7.5 Describe the prevalence, sexual behaviors, and societal reactions to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender sex.

Topic: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Sex

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know

1. Explain what constitutes emotional infidelity and what the consequences of it can be, according to the text.

An ideal answer will include:

1. Emotional infidelity includes secrecy, such as meeting someone without telling one’s spouse or partner.
2. Emotional intimacy, such as confiding things one hasn’t shared with one’s spouse or partner.
3. Emotional infidelity can be devastating to both married and unmarried couples.
4. Many family therapists agree that affairs don’t have to include sexual intercourse because emotional infidelity also violates expectations of trust in a committed relationship.

Learning Objective: 7.7 Define sexual infidelity, describe its prevalence, explain why it occurs, and discuss its consequences

Topic: Sexual Infidelity

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Analyze It