Ch7 . Plants, Agriculture, And Genetic Engineering Test Bank

Test Bank

Chapter 7. Plants, Agriculture, and Genetic Engineering

Multiple Choice

1. (application) How is evolution by natural selection similar to genetic engineering?

a. Genes from different species get combined in evolution by natural selection.

b. The genes of an organism are changed.

c. Natural selection requires human input just like genetic engineering.

d. It isn’t, really. Evolution has nothing to do with genetic change.

e. Natural selection and genetic engineering both result in organisms that are improved.

2. (comprehension) Is it possible that the earliest farmers in human history engaged in genetic engineering?

a. No. They didn’t have the technology to do that.

b. No. They had no idea how heredity worked so they wouldn’t have known how to change it.

c. Maybe, but only if they tried really hard to create different traits in a domesticated organism.

d. Yes. They would have selected genes in organisms that made those organisms most useful for food.

e. Yes. By selecting organisms with the most useful traits, those traits, and the genes that created them, would increase in the population.

Case

3. (knowledge) What was the goal behind the creation of golden rice?

a. To develop a rice that was prettier than standard white or brown rice

b. There wasn’t really a goal. It was an accidental combination of new genes by scientists trying to learn techniques for genetic engineering.

c. To develop rice that had more taste than standard white or brown rice

d. To develop rice that contained vitamin A to help prevent malnourishment of people whose diet is mostly rice

e. To develop rice that contained several nutrients commonly found in vegetables to help prevent malnourishment of people who don’t eat many vegetables.

4. (knowledge) What happens if you eat a diet deficient in Vitamin A?

a. Nothing, because humans can make their own vitamin A

b. Nothing, as long as you’re eating enough nutrient-rich rice to replace vitamin A with other vitamins

c. It results in eye damage and susceptibility to infections.

d. It results in kidney damage and skin rashes.

e. It can result in sudden death, with no warning symptoms.

7.1

5. (knowledge) Why are scientists interested in genetically engineering crops?

a. Genetically engineered crops are better for the environment than natural crops.

b. The nutritional value of a genetically engineered crop is always better than a natural crop.

c. Scientists stand to make a lot of money from genetically engineered crops.

d. Sometimes to enhance nutritional value, and sometimes to make the crops easier to manage and grow

e. Because if they can figure out how to engineer crops, they can figure out how to engineer people.

6. (knowledge) The United States, so far, does not produce many genetically modified crops. True or False?

a. True. They’re hard to develop and hard to grow.

b. False. Many are produced, but few are sold commercially.

c. True. Public opinion is so negative that it has not been profitable to do so.

d. False. Well over half our corn, cotton, soybeans, and alfalfa are genetically engineered.

e. True. Research is so expensive that these crops cannot be made profitably.

7. (knowledge) Where did the pesticide Bt originally come from and what does it do?

a. It’s from a bacteria species and it kills insects.

b. It’s from a caterpillar that eats other insects.

c. It’s from corn and cotton plants and kills caterpillars.

d. It’s a genetically engineered toxin designed by scientists to kill caterpillars.

e. It’s from a bacteria species and it kills corn and cotton plants.

8. (knowledge) Why would a farmer want to plant a crop genetically engineered to produce the toxin Bt?

a. The toxin gets into the soil and kills weeds.

b. It makes crops taste bad so deer and birds don’t eat them.

c. It is a toxin to grazers but adds a spicy flavor once the crops are harvested.

d. The toxin acts as a pesticide so insects don’t eat the crops.

e. The toxin acts as an herbicide so insects don’t eat the crops.

9. (knowledge) The herbicide Roundup kills weeds. Why do farmers want crops which are genetically engineered to be “Roundup Ready?”

a. Those crops can produce their own weed killer, preventing weeds from growing around them.

b. Those crops resist the Roundup that then kills all the weeds around them when it’s sprayed.

c. Those crops are less expensive to grow because farmers don’t need to apply an herbicide to them to keep the weeds down.

d. Those crops grow faster when the herbicide Roundup is sprayed on them.

e. Farmers don’t really want those crops, but if they use Roundup as an herbicide the chemical company that makes it requires the use of the genetically engineered crops.

10. (comprehension) Why did the chemical company Monsanto, which makes the chemical weed killers Roundup, want to get involved in genetically engineering crops?

a. Because in this day and age, genetic engineering is the most advanced way to make chemical products like Roundup.

b. So they could engineer crops that could produce their own Roundup.

c. So they could engineer crops that could produce their own Bt toxins.

d. So farmers growing their crops would need fewer herbicides to kill weeds.

e. If crops could be engineered to resist the herbicide Roundup, it would be easier to effectively kill off weeds growing around the crops without killing the crops.

11. (knowledge) Golden rice was genetically engineered to enhance its nutritional value. What is an example of another crop we’ve engineered for this purpose?

a. Squashes that resist viruses

b. Crops that resist drought

c. Soybeans that produce omega-3 fatty acids, thought to reduce strokes

d. Wheat plants that produce whole grains

e. Red rice, which contains the same vitamins as a tomato

7.2

12. (knowledge) Plants and animals both need energy to live, but what’s different about that energy?

a. Animals can only eat energy, and it has to come directly from plants.

b. Plants can capture energy from the sun and use it to make their own food.

c. Plants and animals use the same energy but animals need a lot more of it.

d. Animals and plants can both make their own energy, but one respires and one photosynthesizes to do it.

e. Plants and animals use entirely different types of energy.

13. (comprehension) Why is it helpful for humans that plants make their own food?

a. Because we can’t make our own food

b. Because plants store their extra food and we can harvest and eat that

c. Because we need a lot of food

d. Because other animals that we use as food need food themselves and also can’t make it

e. All of the above

14. (knowledge) What are xylem and phloem?

a. The roots and stems of a plant.

b. The chemicals a plant uses to convert solar energy to usable energy.

c. The two categories of plants most commonly eaten by animals.

d. The vessels of the digestive system of a plant, one carrying water and one carrying food throughout the plant

e. The vessels of the circulatory system of a plant, one carrying water and one carrying food throughout the plant

15. (knowledge) What is the purpose of the root hairs on the roots of plants?

a. To keep the roots warm

b. To hold the plants into the soil

c. To spread out so new stems can grow up from different areas

d. To increase surface area for nutrient and water absorption

e. It’s not clear what their purpose is, but most roots have them.

16. (knowledge) Why do plants tend to store energy in the form of starch molecules in their roots, making them good to eat?

a. By providing food for grazing animals, the plants disperse themselves to spread out their population.

b. The food is hidden underground, so fewer animals find it to eat.

c. In winter when the aboveground portion of the plant freezes and dies, it can survive until spring on the energy it’s stored underground.

d. The underground energy can be brought up and used to keep the aboveground portion of the plant from freezing in the winter.

e. The energy stored underground can be used underground to pull in water and nutrients from the soil.

17. (knowledge) What are some examples of roots commonly eaten?

a. Potatoes

b. Corn

c. Carrots

d. Cabbage

e. Peanuts

18. (knowledge) How are plant stems different from plant roots?

a. Stems contain phloem and roots contain xylem.

b. Energy is only available for animals to eat in the roots.

c. Roots are just underground stems.

d. They’re the same, really, since “eyes” on roots are really buds.

e. Stems provide structural support above ground, allowing the plant to grow upward toward light.

19. (knowledge) If the bud on the tip of a stem is broken off or eaten, what happens to the plant?

a. The plant dies.

b. That one stem dies.

c. The other buds on the stem grow outward, making the plant bushier.

d. Buds on the end of other stems grow more, so the plant gets taller overall.

e. Nothing. The plant doesn’t change.

20. (knowledge) Some stems grow underground or just above the ground. These are called rhizomes. What are they for?

a. They provide extra nutrients for the plant.

b. They provide extra water for the plant.

c. They help balance the plant.

d. They help the plants spread out.

e. They don’t do anything.

21. (knowledge) Leafy greens are generally quite nutritious. What do leaves do for plants that would require them to be full of biochemicals?

a. Leafy greens aren’t really all that nutritious but they provide fiber for the plant so they’re good for you to eat for digestive purposes.

b. Leaves absorb a lot of vitamins and minerals from the sun.

c. Leaves are the primary site for energy storage in most plants.

d. Xylem and phloem end in the leaves which then act as storehouses for water and nutrients.

e. Leaves are where photosynthesis mostly occurs, so the building blocks for energy (and therefore, food) must all be there.

22. (knowledge) What is the purpose of a flower for a plant?

a. So that grazers will be able to distinguish the plant to eat it.

b. To prevent insects from getting into the stem.

c. To attract pollinators and allow sexual reproduction.

d. To attract humans who then pick the flowers and spread the plant’s population around.

e. To make a plant pretty and allow for sexual reproduction.

23. (knowledge) On a flower, which part is usually the colorful part, and which is the male part?

a. Petals and stamens

b. Petals and sepals

c. Carpals and stamens

d. Sepals and stamens

e. Sepals and carpals

24. (knowledge) Why are seeds especially nutritious?

a. They contain all the adult plant nutrients packed into a tiny package.

b. The embryo alone contains all the same nutrients as an adult plant.

c. The seed coat is packed with nutrients to support the embryonic plant and endosperm to give them a good start in life.

d. The endosperm in a seed is especially packed with nutrients in order to give the embryonic plant a good start in life.

e. They are full of fiber to support the development of the endosperm.

25. (knowledge) Why does a plant bother to produce a fruit when it can’t get any energy from it since a fruit doesn’t photosynthesize?

a. Plants get so much energy from the sun that they have an excess and it has to go somewhere, so they make fruits.

b. Fruits attract pollinators to the flowers so the plant can be fertilized by pollen.

c. Fruits get eaten and/or carried away from the parent plant, so it’s a way to disperse the plant’s population to new areas.

d. Fruits fall on the ground and rot and provide nutrients to the parent plant.

e. Fruits protect seeds until they can get buried underground and germinate.

7.3

26. (knowledge) Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

a. O2 + C6H12O6 --sun🡪 CO2 + H2O

b. C6H12O6 –sun🡪 CO2 + H2O + O2

c. O2 + H2O –sun🡪 C6H12O6 + CO2

d. CO2 + H2O –sun🡪 C6H12O6 + O2

e. CO2 + O2 –sun🡪 C6H12O6 + H2O

27. (knowledge) Which is the best description of the Light Reaction of photosynthesis?

a. Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy, which shoots of electrons providing energy to carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Some energy in the form of ATP and NADPH is made along the way.

b. Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy and shoots off an electron, which is transferred through a series of compounds, releasing a little energy (ATP) each time, and ending up in NADPH. Energy stored in ATP and NADPH provides fuel for the Calvin cycle.

c. Carbon dioxide and water combine with chlorophyll to absorb solar energy. The carbon dioxide shoots of an electron which is transferred through a series of compounds, releasing a little energy (ATP) each time, and ending up in NADPH. Energy stored in ATP and NADPH provides fuel for the Calvin cycle.

d. Water in the leaf absorbs solar energy and shoots off an electron, transferring it to chlorophyll, which is then passed through a series of compounds, releasing a little energy (ATP) each time, and ending up in NADPH. Energy stored in ATP and NADPH provides fuel for the Calvin cycle.

e. When solar energy (light) strikes combined chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, and water, the carbon dioxide shoots off an electron, which is then passed through a series of compounds, releasing a little energy (ATP) each time, and ending up in NADPH. Energy stored in ATP and NADPH provides fuel for the Calvin cycle.

28. (knowledge) Where does the energy for the Calvin cycle come from, and what is the final product?

a. The sun, oxygen

b. ATP and NADPH, glucose

c. Glucose, oxygen

d. ATP and NADPH, water

e. CO2 and water, glucose

29. (comprehension) Photosynthesis requires sunlight and water. Leaves are broad and flat to maximize exposure to the sun, but how do they retain water since all that sunlight should cause a lot of evaporation?

a. They don’t need to worry about retaining water because the xylem keeps them constantly supplied from the roots.

b. They don’t need to retain water because if the plant doesn’t have enough water it will wilt and not photosynthesize anyway.

c. They retain water by opening their stomata and having a waxy coating.

d. They retain water by closing their stomata and having a waxy coating.

e. They don’t need to worry about retaining water because when it rains they can store enough that it doesn’t matter if there is evaporation.

30. (knowledge) Plant cells have organelles where photosynthesis occurs. These are called:

a. Stomata

b. Chlorophylls

c. Chloroplasts

d. Nuclear vacuole

e. Rhizomes

7.4

31. (knowledge) Most plants, including rice, can make their own vitamin A, but rice seeds cannot. Why not? What’s the problem?

a. They don’t have the genes to make the enzymes that make vitamin A.

b. They don’t have the base pairs necessary to make vitamin A.

c. They have the right enzymes to make vitamin A but lack the genes.

d. They have the right genes to make the enzymes to make vitamin A, but they’re inactivated.

e. The rice seeds are not mature enough to make their own vitamin A.

32. (comprehension) If the rice already had the genes that could make vitamin A, why did scientists use genes from other organisms?

a. The scientists didn’t know how to “turn on” the genes in the rice.

b. It’s easier to introduce genes from one species into another than from just one species.

c. The rice genes didn’t make the right type of vitamin A.

d. Scientists could have just “turned on” the rice genes, but they wouldn’t have learned anything from that process.

e. It’s easy to extract genes from bacteria.

33. (comprehension) In genetic engineering, why is it necessary to clone the genes you want to transfer?

a. So there are enough copies to work with, as genes are not simply insertable one at a time

b. So you can transform many generations of cells at once

c. Each single clone is a bit different, so it takes a find the required base sequence for the job.

d. So you can give copies to many scientists to increase the odds of someone figuring out how to engineer the plant

e. It’s a precautionary measure in case you destroy the gene you need in the process of inserting it.

34. (comprehension) If a scientist wants to insert a gene to transform a cell, why is it necessary to attach “stop” and “start” sections to the gene?

a. The cell’s DNA must be able to “read” where the gene stops and starts to make it work.

b. This is how the cell will be able to determine where the gene starts and ends so it will know where in the DNA it should go.

c. A gene only works by being translated, so the translating enzymes have to know where to stop and start reading.

d. Because the gene is artificially engineered, a cell doesn’t automatically know where it stops and starts.

e. Scientists do this for themselves, so they can see where the gene stops and starts.

35. (comprehension) Once DNA has been isolated and cloned, why can’t it just be physically inserted into a cell and become functional?

a. Doing that would damage the cell membrane and kill the cell

b. It’s impossible to pick up a single gene.

c. A gene floating around in cytoplasm would get too clogged to work properly.

d. This is theoretically possible, but the techniques and tools we have now simply aren’t good enough.

e. The organism’s enzymes would break down the foreign DNA as if it were an infection.

36. (knowledge) It is difficult to simply introduce foreign DNA and transform cells directly, so how do scientists often get the foreign DNA into the cells?

a. Bacteria cells readily take up foreign DNA, and once those are transformed, they can infect the cells of the desired species (rice cells in this case).

b. By bathing the cells (rice cells in this case) with a solution of highly concentrated DNA, some will be taken up by the cells.

c. By specifically injecting the foreign DNA into the cell (rice cells in this case)

d. Bacteria cells take up the foreign DNA and then scientists inject those cells into the desired cells (rice cells in this case).

e. By specifically injecting the foreign DNA into bacteria cells and then injecting those cells into the desired cells (rice cells in this case)

7.5

37. (knowledge) How has genetic engineering helped in the treatment of diabetes in humans?

a. People have been engineered to have diabetes, and scientists have been able to test possible new treatments on them.

b. A vaccine has been developed by genetic engineering.

c. Pigs have been genetically engineered to produce human insulin, necessary for the treatment of diabetes.

d. Bacteria have been engineered to produce large quantities of human insulin, necessary for the treatment of diabetes, and scientists are close to being able to use this insulin in humans.

e. Bacteria have been engineered to produce large quantities of human insulin, necessary for the treatment of diabetes.

38. (knowledge) Genetic engineering has created bacteria or yeast that can produce drugs for humans like which of the following?

a. Red blood cells to treat hemophilia.

b. Human growth hormone to treat dwarfism.

c. Vaccines like for the flu.

d. Blood clotting factors to treat anemia.

e. Viruses to counteract poisoning.

39. (knowledge) How can genetic engineering be used in cleaning up industrial pollutants?

a. Chemicals, oil, or other pollutants can be engineered to dissolve in the environment more easily.

b. Genetic engineering can lead to less toxic chemicals used in industry so pollutants are less of an issue.

c. Robots used in industrial work can be engineered to clean up various pollutants.

d. Bacteria can be engineered to break down pollutants in the environment.

e. Bacteria can be engineered to tolerate pollutants better, making it easier for people to clean up accidents.

40. (comprehension) Scientists are able to produce a line of living cells from scratch. In other words these cells have no parents. How do they do this?

a. They synthesized a few genes from a living species of bacteria, inserted them into a cell lacking any DNA, and the cell was able to reproduce.

b. They synthesized an entire genome of a living species of bacteria, inserted it into a cell lacking any DNA, and the cell was able to reproduce.

c. They synthesized a few entirely new genes and inserted them into a bacterial cell with incomplete DNA, and the cell was able to reproduce.

d. They synthesized an entirely new genome of their own invention, inserted it into a bacterial cell lacking DNA, and the cell was able to reproduce.

e. They synthesized an entirely new genome and bacterial cell, combined the two, and the cell was able to reproduce.

7.6

41. (comprehension) One concern about genetically engineered foods is that they could cause allergic reactions. How could this happen?

a. If a genetically engineered food contains genes from a food that a person was allergic to, those proteins causing the reaction may be present in the engineered food.

b. An interaction of genes from two different foods combined into one might lead to new allergens being produced and everyone would be allergic since humans have not been exposed to these before.

c. If a person is allergic to one food, they’re often allergic to many, and if two are combined, they’re twice as likely to be affected.

d. Allergens are proteins, and new genetic combinations will result in new proteins and increased odds of an allergic reaction.

e. It’s twice as likely that a food engineered from two different species will cause more of an allergic reaction than a “normal” food with just one species genes involved.

42. (comprehension) Why is it likely that a corporation will want to patent a genetically engineered product?

a. Corporations tend to want to do things for the public good.

b. It costs a lot to genetically engineer a product and they wouldn’t want anyone else profiting from their investment.

c. It costs a lot to genetically engineer a product and the company will want to share it as much as possible to make a profit.

d. So it can’t be used by anyone else in further research.

e. Because they would typically want all the credit for developing something that might help society.

43. (comprehension) What might be one reason genetically engineered foods may be viewed as unhealthy by nutritional specialists?

a. They are initially produced in a laboratory.

b. They are often used to replace foods viewed as healthy.

c. They are heavily used in highly processed and fast foods.

d. They are less nutritional than the original, “natural” versions.

e. They taste better than more natural versions.

7.7

44. (knowledge) How could genetic engineering be potentially used by a terrorist?

a. A terrorist could threaten to genetically engineer crops to be toxic.

b. A terrorist could genetically engineer an army of non-human soldiers to be effective and remorseless killing machines.

c. A terrorist could genetically engineer a virus from multiple known deadly viruses that could kill a lot of people.

d. A terrorist could threaten to genetically engineer people’s children.

e. A terrorist could genetically modify a common crop to be toxic, potentially killing a lot of people.

45. (comprehension) Why, in genetic engineering, are plant hybridization and horizontal gene transfer in bacteria a potential problem?

a. A natural plant or bacteria cell crossing with a genetically engineered organism will eliminate whatever trait was engineered in and the genetically engineered organism will be lost.

b. Plant hybridization and gene transfer both interfere with the protein making ability of the genetically engineered genes.

c. If gene transfer takes place between hybridized plants, there may be environmental consequences.

d. Plant hybridization and gene transfer between natural and genetically engineered organisms can release the engineered genes into the environment with potentially risky consequences.

e. Plant hybridization and gene transfer prevents genetically engineered organisms from producing proteins so they are useless.

46. (knowledge) Is it theoretically possible to alter the genes of any living species, and if so, why don’t we?

a. No. Human genes work differently from genes of other species so science does not yet have the technology to engineer humans.

b. No. Every species genes work a bit differently so not every gene that works in one species will work in another.

c. Yes, but the process is difficult, expensive, and ethically questionable.

d. Yes, but the process is difficult, expensive, and not that many people or corporations are actually working on doing it.

e. Yes, but doing so is generally against the law.

“Biology in Perspective”

47. (comprehension) Humans have been selecting for beneficial or desirable traits in crops and domesticated animals for a long time. What’s different about doing that through modern genetic engineering?

a. Nothing really. In both cases we end up with organisms with traits we want.

b. They’re totally different in that in the first case we were selecting traits, and in the second we are selecting genes.

c. In modern genetic engineering we can mix genes from different species.

d. Nothing really. Modern genetic engineering is just much faster.

e. They’re totally different because in the first case farmers did it and now scientists do it.

“Scientist Spotlight” Kary Mullis

48. (comprehension) Why is PCR or polymerase chain reaction such a big deal that Dr. Mullis shared a Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing it?

a. Previously, no one understood that it is the polymerase in a cell which copies DNA, a hugely important task.

b. Previously, if one wanted to copy a gene, it was necessary to copy a whole genome, not just the part you wanted.

c. Because it allowed for the insertion of genes from one species into another.

d. It made it possible to quickly and easily make enough copies of a desired gene to work with for genetic engineering or DNA analysis.

e. It made it possible to quickly and easily transform a cell with new DNA.

“Technology Connection” How to Transform Cells

49. (knowledge) Why is it easy to transform a bacterial cell and then use that to transform an animal or plant cell?

a. Because bacteria cells are so small they reproduce the new DNA quickly.

b. Because bacteria cells easily take up, package, and then release DNA such that enzymes can then incorporate the DNA into an animal or plant cell genome.

c. Because bacteria cells have plasmids which cut up DNA into small sequences easily taken up with enzymes by plant and animal cells.

d. Because animal and plant cells get infected by bacteria all the time, so doing that in order to transform them by introducing new DNA doesn’t typically kill the cells.

e. Because bacteria “disguises” the foreign DNA so that the plant or animal cell doesn’t recognize it and so allows it to mix right in with the cell’s own DNA.

50. (comprehension) Why can’t scientists just inject the desired genes into an animal or plant cell to transform it?

a. Foreign DNA in a plant or animal cell would get digested so it could never function.

b. The chromosomes in plants and animals are more complicated than those in bacteria.

c. Bacteria have enzymes that make any DNA fragment functional.

d. Viruses would get injected too and kill the cell.

e. Cells are too small to inject anything into.

“Life Application” From Teosinte to Maize

51. (knowledge) How was “genetic engineering” used in the development of modern corn from its relative teosinte?

a. People harvesting the teosinte selected the plants with more desirable traits and so those genes spread in the population, eventually resulting in modern corn.

b. People got tired of harvesting the teosinte as it was, so they cross pollinated it with other plants with seeds on cobs, and wound up with modern corn

c. People selected the genes which controlled cob and kernel size in teosinte and inserted them into related plants, eventually developing modern corn

d. People harvesting corn plants selected desirable traits and ended up with modern, large cob teosinte, now known as modern corn

e. Scientists have found five genes which control the differences between teosinte and modern corn, but cannot determine how they were engineered from one to the other

“How Do We Know?” Are Genetically Engineered Products Safe?

52. (knowledge) The Food and Drug Administration says a genetically engineered product is safe as long as it is substantially equivalent to the non-engineered product. What does that mean?

a. It has the same genes.

b. It has all new genes but appears and works or tastes the same.

c. In taste-tests, the products are indistinguishable.

d. The company designing the product and doing the testing determines what that means.

e. Regardless of the actual genes, the engineered product appears, works, or tastes like the natural product, and there are no worse side effects or toxins.

1. (comprehension) When farmers breed plants or animals to try to get offspring with desirable traits, is that a form of genetic engineering?

2. (knowledge) The development of golden rice was a short, simple process once scientists came up with the idea to try it. True or False?

7.1

3. (knowledge) In the United States now, over half our corn, cotton, soybeans, and alfalfa crops are genetically engineered.

4. (knowledge) What is the purpose of the genetically engineered Bt crops?

5. (comprehension) Farmers already have effective herbicides, so why are they interested in herbicide resistant crops?

6. (knowledge) Besides the golden rice, what is an example of a plant engineered to be more nutritionally valuable?

7.2

7. (knowledge) What is the process called in which plants capture solar energy and turn it into energy to live on?

8. (knowledge) What is the purpose of the stem of a plant?

9. (knowledge) Give an example of a commonly eaten root.

10. (knowledge) Does a baking potato come from the stem or the root of a potato plant?

11. (knowledge) In which part of a plant does most of the photosynthesis occur?

12. (knowledge) What is the purpose of a flower for a plant?

13. (knowledge) What are the female parts in a flower called?

14. (knowledge) What does a seed provide for the embryonic plant inside?

15. (knowledge) What is the purpose of a fruit for a plant?

7.3

16. (knowledge) Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis.

17. (knowledge) What does a plant use glucose for?

18. (comprehension) What wavelengths of light does chlorophyll absorb for energy?

19. (knowledge) What are the two reactions that make up photosynthesis called?

20. (knowledge) In which plant cell organelles does photosynthesis occur?

7.4

21. (knowledge) What does it mean to clone a gene?

22. (knowledge) What is the it called when a cell has incorporated foreign DNA into its own genome?

7.5

23. (knowledge) What is the process called where genetically engineered organisms are used to clean up pollutants like oil spills, for example?

24. (knowledge) Scientists can now synthesize an entirely new genome of new genes to potentially build an entirely new living thing. True or False?

7.6

25. (knowledge) In the United States it is not required that genetically modified foods be labeled as such. True or False?

26. (comprehension) Why do critics refer to genetically modified food as “Frankenfood?”

7.7

27. (comprehension) How could Roundup Ready (herbicide resistant) genes in genetically engineered crops end up in wild plants?