Ch7 Interpersonal Attraction, Close Test Questions & Answers

TB_Baron_Chapter 7

Key: Answer, Page, Type, Learning Objective, Level

Type

A=Applied

C=Conceptual

F=Factual

Level

(1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult

LO=Learning Objective

SG=Used in Study Guide

p=page

TB_Baron_Chapter 7

Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1
Since newborns are predisposed to look toward faces in preference to other stimuli, this offers evidence that there is ________.

1. no evolutionary rationale for why humans would show a high affiliation need
2. a decrease in affiliative behavior at the community level
3. a neurobiological basis for the need to affiliate
4. a psychological basis for the need to affiliate that is present at a very early age

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 2
Which of the following is true about individuals with a dismissing avoidant attachment style?

1. They do not benefit from relationships with others.
2. They have very high need for affiliation.
3. Just like everyone else their self-esteem rises when they are accepted by others.
4. They are incapable of having relationships with others.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 3
Individuals who are in stressful situations frequently experience an increase in their need to affiliate with others in a similar situation. This may be because ________.

1. affiliation with others in similar situations may increase our sense of belongingness
2. such affiliations provide opportunities for social comparisons
3. affiliation with others in similar situations may increase our sense of isolation
4. others who are in similar situations may better know what to do

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 4
Bruce has a relatively high need for affiliation. As such, he would likely ________.

1. show less emotional involvement in a relationship
2. not express a desire to marry right after college
3. avoid people with undesirable physical characteristics
4. avoid making negative comments to fellow workers

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 5
Attraction toward another increases if the other person ________ and decreases if the other person ________.

1. produces positive affect; produces negative affect
2. invades our personal space; is overly pleasant
3. provides punishment; provides positive reinforcement
4. produces negative affect; produces positive affect

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 6
Lisa admired the dress that Shelly was wearing and told Shelly that she looked absolutely stunning in that dress. Shelly felt very positive feelings toward Lisa after that compliment and tended to like her in other circumstances. Lisa had a(n) ________ effect on the attraction Shelly felt for her.

1. associated
2. direct
3. correlational
4. indirect

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 7
Karen and James are taking the same social psychology class. Karen happened to be standing next to James in the college post office when he received a letter from home that contained an unexpected $50.00. A short time later, James was asked to evaluate Karen as part of a class project. His evaluation of Karen is higher than it otherwise might have been because of the ________.

1. similarity–dissimilarity effect
2. power of proximity
3. associated effect of emotions
4. need for affiliation

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 8
Joshua happened to be sitting next to Brittany when the professor returned term papers to the class. Brittany received an unexpectedly high grade and the teacher’s comments were very flattering to her. Brittany now finds herself liking Joshua a bit more than before. This occurrence is best explained by the ________.

1. need for affiliation
2. similarity–dissimilarity effect
3. associated effect of emotions
4. power of proximity

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 9
When your feelings are negative about something in your environment, and another person just happens to be with you, you will tend to evaluate that person in negative terms, illustrating the impact of a(n) ________ on attraction.

1. correlational effect
2. associated effect
3. direct effect
4. unintentional

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 10
Regarding the affect-attraction relationship on social influence, an ad agency is primarily concerned with ________ in order to sell a product.

1. mentioning the unique aspects of their product
2. arousing positive feelings
3. highlighting a company’s business record
4. providing a balanced view about their product to customers

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 11
Angela and Becky are good friends. Carol greatly dislikes Angela but is not acquainted with Becky. Given this information, if Carol sees Angela and Becky interacting, Carol is MOST likely to react to Becky ________.

1. by having a negative reaction to her
2. by having a positive reaction to her
3. in an indifferent fashion because she is not acquainted with her
4. by developing a level of intrigue about her

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 12
Since George, a college student, prefers privacy, he should choose to sit ________.

1. in an area that is not isolated
2. in the back of the room, away from others
3. as close to where the professor is as possible
4. where there are students on both sides of him

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 13
Tomas is beginning his first year of college. As one of his goals is to meet people and make new friends in his classes, Tomas would be well-advised to ________.

1. spend as much time as possible interacting with the instructor
2. sit between other students in his classes whenever possible
3. sit in the back of the room so he can take notes quietly during class
4. sit at the front of the room and on the end of a row

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 14
Suppose Jamie lives in an apartment building. She has the BEST chance to become acquainted with the person who lives ________.

1. directly above her
2. in any of these locations
3. directly across from her
4. directly below her

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 15
Jessica considers herself to be a private individual. Although she is taking college courses and working toward her degree, she doesn’t enjoy interacting with her fellow students very much. In order to minimize interactions in the classroom, Jessica should ________.

1. spend as much time as possible interacting with the instructor
2. sit at the front of the room and near the center of a row whenever possible
3. sit in the back of the room, and either in a corner or at the end of a row whenever possible
4. make frequent eye contact with her fellow students in order to indicate her lack of interest

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 16
Scott and Elizabeth grew up in the same small town. They attended the same school and went to the same college, where they took many of the same classes. At first, they were not particularly interested in each other romantically, but over time, they became increasingly attracted to each other and eventually married. This is best explained by the ________.

1. similarity–dissimilarity effect
2. proportion of similarity
3. repeated exposure effect
4. affect-centered model of attraction

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 17
Suppose Diane and Mark, as first-year students, are assigned dorm rooms right next door to each other. Shortly thereafter, they begin dating, and after college, they wed. The factor that would be MOST responsible for their initial acquaintance is ________.

1. the need for affiliation
2. shared attitudes and beliefs
3. repeated exposure due to proximity
4. physical attraction

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 18
Bob listened to a new song and did not like it at all. Shortly thereafter, this song was used by a company as its new advertising jingle, and the song was played over and over, so Bob was repeatedly exposed to the song. You would expect Bob to ________ for the song.

1. decrease his liking
2. become neutral in his evaluation
3. increase his liking
4. reevaluate his feelings
   

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 19
Dave has just been shown a composite face of 20 women. He will likely rate this face as ________ in attractiveness.

1. average
2. exceptionally below average
3. below average
4. above average

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 20
Which of the following people would be perceived most positively?

1. Meredith, who walks carefully down the stairs.
2. Gregory, who walks slowly but directly to his destination down the hall.
3. Susan, who walks briskly but stooped over down the hallway.
4. Gretchen, who walks briskly down the hall with an upright posture.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 21
Which of the following people would receive the most positive response from others?

1. Ann, who is very animated in her speech and talks about herself all of the time.
2. Brenda, who is very modest and does not become too animated when speaking.
3. Charlene, who is very animated in her speech and also very modest.
4. Danielle, who is very proud of her accomplishments and is never overly expressive.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 22
Of the following famous sayings, the one that MOST accurately describes the similarity-attraction relationship is ________.

1. a penny saved is a penny earned
2. too many cooks spoil the broth
3. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
4. birds of a feather flock together

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 23
The proportion of similarity is predictive of the degree of attraction between two people ________.

1. when discussions are between females and females
2. when discussions are between males and females
3. regardless of the importance of the topics they discuss
4. when discussions are between males and males

Difficulty=Medium

 M/C Question 24
The matching hypothesis would say ________.

1. Matt is seeking the most attractive partner he can find, preferably someone more attractive than he is
2. Mary is seeking the least attractive partner she can find, preferably someone less attractive than she is
3. Carl is seeking a partner that is less attractive than he is
4. Charles is seeking a partner that is about as attractive as he is

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 25
Suppose that during a conversation with one of your best friends, you discover that she dislikes social psychology and your professor. You, on the other hand, like both of these things very much. Under these conditions, your relationship with your friend can be described as ________.

1. balanced
2. rebalanced
3. unbalanced
4. imbalanced

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 26
According to balance theory, balance is achieved when two people ________.

1. like each other and discover they are similar in some way
2. dislike each other and discover they are dissimilar in some way
3. dislike each other and discover they are similar in some way
4. like each other and discover they are dissimilar in some way

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 27
Different cultures have varying expectations regarding the parent–child relationship. In the United States, ________.

1. children are expected to care for their parents
2. parents are expected to care for their children only until the age of 18
3. children are only responsible for their parents until they move out of the house
4. parents are expected to care for their children often into adulthood

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 28
Marisa has relationships with men in which she feels worthy, but she inevitably has low expectations of the relationship, leading her to fear genuine closeness. Marisa has a ________ attachment style.

1. dismissing
2. preoccupied
3. fearful-avoidant
4. secure

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 29
Family members other than a child’s mother ________ in that child’s social development.

1. have little influence
2. influence a child in a variety of ways
3. have a more wholesome influence if they have similar personality styles
4. should interact alone with a child

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 30
Research shows that sexual attraction is a ________ but not ________ condition for being in love.

1. necessary; sufficient
2. sufficient; necessary
3. necessary; lasting
4. sufficient; primary

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 31
The desire to affiliate with others seems to be a(n) _________ characteristic of the human species.

1. recent
2. basic
3. unnecessary
4. optional

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 32
When Tricia arrives at her office, her colleague Paula says that she likes Tricia’s outfit. This makes Tricia feel good and, in turn, makes Tricia like Paula more. Paula’s words have a(n) ________ effect on Tricia.

1. direct
2. associated
3. indirect
4. negative

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 33
Jim works in advertising. He works with his team to create a television commercial for a new laundry detergent. In the commercial, a college student opens a package from his mother. In the package are a number of the students’ old blankets that the mother has washed with the laundry detergent in question. The student smells the blankets and is immediately transported to happy childhood memories. A month after the commercial aired, sales of the laundry detergent spiked, especially among college students. This effect was achieved by ________ conditioning.

1. direct
2. nostalgic
3. classical
4. associated

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 34
Mark just received notice that he was accepted to law school. Excited, he walks outside his house to tell his roommate, who is working in the front yard. As he exits his house, he runs into the postal worker who always delivers the mail to his house. He has never liked the postal worker much, but now he is happy to see him and eagerly strikes up a conversation. Mark’s evaluation of the poster worker is due to the __________ effect of receiving the news about law school.

1. associated
2. direct
3. attachment
4. affiliation

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 35
The ultimate goal of advertising and political stump speeches is usually to

1. make you feel good.
2. persuade you.
3. defraud you.
4. inform you.

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 36
Which of the following is responsible for proximity influencing our level of attraction to another person or object?

1. The repeated exposure effect
2. The affiliation effect
3. The physical attractiveness effect
4. The similarity effect

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 37
What is the exception to the general equation of “increased contact = greater liking”?

1. Negative initial reactions lead to reduced attraction.
2. This is only true if a close relationship already exists.
3. The equation doesn’t take into account cultural barriers.
4. Increased attraction doesn’t develop through social media.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 38
Travis uses Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram as platforms for self-disclosure. What will Travis likely experience by using social networks in this way according to recent research?

1. Travis will likely experience reduced proximity to his contacts.
2. Travis will likely experience diminished liking for his contacts.
3. Travis will likely experience greater satisfaction and social support.
4. Travis will likely experience mild depression.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 39
Which of the following types of attractiveness seem to be universal between both men and women?

1. “Cute” and “mature”
2. “Firm” and “soft”
3. “Dark” and “fair”
4. “Petite” and “full-bodied”

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 40
Elena is preparing to go out on a first date with a man she met at the library. She is trying to choose what to wear, how to do her hair, and what type of makeup to use. Which of the following would likely immediately increase her attractiveness to the man she is about to meet?

1. Putting her hair up
2. Wearing a red dress
3. Painting her nails white
4. Wearing contact lenses

Difficulty=Application

M/C Question 41
It has been shown that complementarities are not a good basis for attraction. What is the one pair of complementarities that is the exception to this?

1. Dominance-submissiveness
2. Extroversion-introversion
3. Patient-impatient
4. Rational-impulsive

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 42
Brad takes the bus to work every day. He is happy when a woman named Jill is riding the bus because they have a lot in common and chat on the way to work. He isn’t happy when Kyle is on the bus because they don’t have anything in common, and Kyle often makes Brad feel bad. This is an example of the ________ effect.

1. affiliation
2. similarity-dissimilarity
3. complementarity
4. repeated exposure

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 43
At a party, Ralph talks about politics, music, and literature with two different people. Ralph has similar views to the first person, James, on all three topics. Ralph has similar views on one out of the three topics with the second person, Matt. Who will Ralph like more, and why?

1. Ralph will like Matt more because opposites attract.
2. Ralph will like James more because of their complementarities.
3. Ralph will like Matt more because of the dissimilarity effect.
4. Ralph will like James more because of the proportion of similarity.

Difficulty=Medium

 M/C Question 44
During her 20s, Valerie dated a number of different men as she was trying to find a person who she really connected with. Many of these men were incredibly attractive, but, in the end, Valerie entered into a long-term relationship with a man who had a similar level of attractiveness as she had. Which of the following explains this?

1. The matching hypothesis
2. The similarity hypothesis
3. The proportion of similarity hypothesis
4. The complementarity hypothesis

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 45
Which of the following suggests that people naturally organize their likes and dislikes in a symmetrical way to reduce emotional unpleasantness?

1. Physical attractiveness theory
2. The matching hypothesis
3. Balance theory
4. The similarity–dissimilarity effect

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 46
Which component of Sternberg’s Triangular Model of Love deals with the closeness two people feel and the strength of the bond that holds them together?

1. Passion
2. Intimacy
3. Decision/commitment
4. Attractiveness

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 47
Brenley and Mario have a short relationship over the summer. They feel very close emotionally and they have an intense physical attraction to each other. However, they decide not to commit to each other, and at the end of the summer, they end the relationship. What type of love did they experience?

1. Companionate love
2. Fatuous love
3. Romantic love
4. Empty love

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 48
Jenna falls in love with one of her coworkers, a man named Omar. She thinks about him at all hours of the day and is very happy when they spend time together at social outings or at work gatherings. They sometimes go out to dinner, to the park, or to a movie. One day, however, Omar tells her that he can tell that she has feelings for him, but he only wants to be friends with her. Jenna has experienced ________ love.

1. romantic
2. unrequited
3. fatuous
4. passionate

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 49
Which of the following receives widespread attention when it occurs among powerful people, such as politicians or military leaders?

1. Unrequited love
2. Jealousy
3. Infatuation
4. Infidelity

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 50
Joanna has very little confidence in herself and her abilities, and she struggles with trusting other people and attaining genuine closeness with them. Which attachment style does Joanna have?

1. Secure attachment style
2. Fearful-avoidant attachment style
3. Preoccupied attachment style
4. Dismissing attachment style

Difficulty=Medium

Essay

Essay Question 51
Explain how classical conditioning may create the associated (indirect) effect of emotions on attraction.

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 52
Describe the influence of situation and other factors on perceptions of attractiveness, including judgments of personality traits. What is a contrast effect? What other factors of appearance have an influence? What about behavioral cues? Anything else?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 53
Does having a sibling make any difference in your way of relating to others? How so? Describe a typical style of between-sibling behavior. Are feelings about siblings simple or complex? How so? What aspects of parents might mitigate some of the feelings between siblings?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 54
Do men and women actually have different preferences for their partner’s skill sets? What role does complementarity play?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 55
Secret romances might be enticing but also dangerous. Explain what it is that people find enticing and what the potential dangers are.

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 56
What is the repeated exposure effect, what influence or power does it have, and how prevalent is it?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 57
Paula Abdul had a hit song called “Opposites Attract.” Was Paula right according to recent research? Why or why not?

Difficulty=Hard

Essay Question 58
Define consensual validation and explain how it relates to having positive feelings.

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 59
Discuss the origin of love from an evolutionary perspective.

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 60
Describe Bowlby’s four different attachment styles as they pertain to self-esteem and interpersonal trust.

Difficulty=Medium