Ch6 Complete Test Bank Respiration And Fermentation

Chapter 06

Respiration and Fermentation

True / False Questions

1. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Thinking about the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in plants, plants are net
2. glucose and O2 consumers.
3. O2 and CO2 producers.
4. O2 and CO2 consumers.
5. glucose consumers and CO2 producers.
6. O2 producers and CO2 consumers.
7. Animals are net
8. O2 consumers and CO2 producers.
9. O2 and CO2 producers.
10. O2 and CO2 consumers.
11. O2 producers and CO2 consumers.
12. In animal, plant, fungal, and algal cells, the primary organelle that generates molecules of ATP is the
13. Golgi apparatus.
14. rough endoplasmic reticulum.
15. lysosome.
16. mitochondrion.
17. ribosome.

True / False Questions

1. In cellular respiration, the energy found in the covalent bonds in glucose is used to form ATP.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The main reason that cellular aerobic respiration needs to occur step by step instead of a single, big reaction is
2. cells don't have enough mitochondria to catalyze the larger, single reaction.
3. too much energy would be released as heat and destroy the cell.
4. cells don't store enough oxygen to absorb all the energy in one release.
5. cells produce the enzymes needed for cellular respiration very slowly.
6. glucose breaks down slowly, carbon by carbon, inside a cell.
7. The chemical formula for glucose is

A. C12H12O6.

B. C12H6O12.

1. C6H12O6.
2. CH4.
3. C6H6O12.
4. During glycolysis molecules of glucose are
5. broken down by enzymes to form two molecules of pyruvate.
6. bonded by enzymes to form three molecules of pyruvate.
7. broken down into three molecules of pyruvate.
8. broken down in oxidation, and releasing carbon atoms as CO2.
9. bonded covalently to form two molecules of pyruvate.
10. Glycolysis of a glucose molecule
11. occurs in mitochondria.
12. occurs only in animal cells.
13. produces a net gain of two molecules of ATP.
14. occurs only in microorganisms.
15. transfers electrons from glucose to FAD.
16. The three main biochemical pathways of cellular respiration are
17. glycolysis, light reactions, and Calvin cycle.
18. light reactions, carbon reactions, and electron transport.
19. Krebs cycle, Calvin cycle, and electron transport.
20. Calvin cycle, Krebs cycle, and light reactions.
21. glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport.
22. Glycolysis occurs in the
23. cell membrane.
24. lysosome.
25. cytoplasm.
26. nucleus.
27. mitochondria.
28. The electrons removed during glycolysis and the Kreb cycle are carried to the electron transport chain by
29. NADH2 and glucose.
30. NADH and FADH2.
31. NADP and FADH2.
32. NADH and NADP.
33. NADP and glucose.
34. Which of the following answers lists the steps of aerobic cellular respiration in the correct sequence?
35. photosystem II - electron transport chain - photosystem I - carbon reactions
36. glycolysis - electron transport chain - Krebs cycle - formation of acetyl CoA - chemiosmotic phosphorylation
37. glycolysis - formation of acetyl CoA - Krebs cycle - electron transport chain - chemiosmotic phosphorylation
38. chemiosmotic phosphorylation - formation of acetyl CoA - glycolysis - Krebs cycle - electron transport chain
39. glycolysis - formation of acetyl CoA - chemiosmotic phosphorylation - Krebs cycle - electron transport chain
40. The "spent" electrons from electron transport in aerobic cellular respiration are transferred to
41. hydrogen, to neutralize its charge before passing through ATP synthase.
42. sulfur, oxidizing it to form more hydrogens in the concentration gradient.
43. carbon dioxide, in order to allow it to enter the Krebs cycle.
44. oxygen, thereby reducing it to form water.
45. nitrogen, reducing it to form NADH.
46. The six carbons that form glucose in your food are effectively lost from the cell as CO2
47. during the Krebs cycle as intermediate molecules are rearranged.
48. during the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, and in the Krebs cycle.
49. as pyruvate is oxidized to form acetyl CoA.
50. when the glucose is initially broken apart in glycolysis.
51. each time ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP.
52. In a eukaryotic cell, the Krebs cycle occurs in the
53. lysosome.
54. ribosome.
55. cytoplasm.
56. mitochondria.
57. nucleus.
58. The Krebs cycle runs
59. three times for each glucose, to power the electron transport proteins in hydrogen transport.
60. twice, once for each acetyl CoA that was formed from the glucose molecule.
61. 12 times for each glucose, because all of these processes are associated with the Krebs cycle.
62. once for each glucose consumed, to rearrange the molecule prior to ADP production.
63. six times for each glucose, because each carbon pulled from the original molecule will power the Krebs cycle.
64. The enzyme that forms a transport channel in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and uses the potential energy of the proton gradient to form ATP is the
65. FADH2 synthase.
66. hydrogen synthase.
67. NADH synthase.
68. ADP synthase.
69. ATP synthase.

True / False Questions

1. Consider when an African rock python eats a Thomson's gazelle and begins breaking the gazelle down into component molecules with digestive acids. The digestion described is an example of cellular respiration.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The products of cellular respiration are
2. glucose, water, and ATP.
3. carbon dioxide, glucose, and water.
4. oxygen, ATP, and water.
5. carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
6. glucose, carbon dioxide, and ATP.
7. The reactants for cellular respiration are
8. carbon dioxide and glucose.
9. glucose and ATP.
10. oxygen and ATP.
11. glucose and oxygen.
12. water and ATP.
13. On a class field trip, students swabbed, dug, and dipped samples of life from numerous places around campus. Back in the lab, one of the organisms found was unknown to the professor, or any reference books available, and could not be identified. It came from the edge of a marsh, and the sample smelled of hydrogen sulfide (rotten eggs). The single cells were found to survive only in a container that had sulfate in it, but also had the oxygen removed by burning a candle. This is

likely an organism that uses for cellular respiration.

1. lactic acid fermentation
2. alcohol fermentation
3. only glycolysis
4. aerobic respiration
5. anaerobic respiration
6. Anaerobic respiration is most common in
7. animals.
8. protozoans.
9. fungi.
10. plants.
11. archaeans.
12. Fermentation is most common in
13. plants, at night.
14. human muscle cells.
15. fungi, decomposing dead plants.
16. bacteria, in mammal intestines.
17. both human muscle cells, and intestinal bacteria.
18. The space and fluid enclosed by the highly folded inner mitochondrial membrane is the
19. matrix.
20. nucleus.
21. stroma.
22. outer membrane.
23. cytoplasm.
24. In eukaryotic cells, the electrons donated by NADH and FADH2 are transported along electron transport proteins in the
25. matrix.
26. inner mitochondrial membrane.
27. cytoplasm.
28. outer mitochondrial membrane.
29. cell membrane.
30. Glycolysis does not require
31. glucose.
32. ATP.
33. oxygen.
34. NAD+.
35. enzymes.
36. During glycolysis, molecules of are required to activate glucose.
37. three; ADP
38. three; NAD+
39. three; ATP
40. two; FAD
41. two; ATP
42. In glycolysis the net number of NADH produced is
43. 4.
44. 3.
45. 2.
46. 0.

E. 30.

1. The process of a high-energy "donor" molecule physically transferring a phosphate group to ADP is called
2. substrate-level phosphorylation.
3. glycolysis.
4. oxidative phosphorylation.
5. photosynthesis.
6. electron transport.
7. The net ATP production in glycolysis is only two because
8. two ATPs are used to "activate" glucose, while four ATPs are produced in remaining glycolysis steps.
9. two ATPs are used to donate electrons, in order to move NADH into the mitochondria.
10. that is all the ATPs "loaded" with phosphates during glycolysis.
11. that is the needed number of ATPs to power the reactions of the Krebs cycle.
12. None of the answer choices is correct.
13. Only a small amount of ATP is produced during glycolysis because most of the energy stored in a glucose molecule remains in the bonds of
14. PGAL.
15. NADH.
16. pyruvate.
17. carbon dioxide.
18. CO2.
19. The compound that enters the Krebs cycle as a reactant is
20. ATP.
21. acetyl CoA.
22. pyruvate.
23. ATP synthase.
24. PGAL.
25. The only process of ATP production in cells using fermentation is
26. electron transport.
27. the Calvin cycle.
28. the Krebs cycle.
29. glycolysis.
30. photosynthesis.
31. The Krebs cycle produces
32. oxygen and ATP.
33. ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.
34. pyruvate and PGAL.
35. carbon dioxide and oxygen.
36. NADH, FADH2, and oxygen.
37. In the Krebs cycle, citrate forms when combines with the two carbons of acetyl CoA.
38. oxygen
39. a cytochrome
40. pyruvate
41. NADH
42. oxaloacetate
43. Since the Krebs cycle is a cyclic pathway, the original acceptor needed to start the Krebs cycle and the end product of the Krebs cycle are
44. ATP molecules.
45. enzymes.
46. different molecules.
47. NADH and FADH2, respectively.
48. the same molecule.
49. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle do not capture all of the energy in a glucose molecule because
50. ATP easily vaporizes.
51. energy cannot be created or destroyed.
52. some glucose is not broken down.
53. some energy is always lost as heat during chemical reactions.
54. some energy remains in the atoms.
55. The sequence of membrane proteins of the electron transport chain includes three transport proteins and other electron transport proteins. As the electrons from the electron carrier molecules move through the proteins, work is done. The electron transport chain produces a(n) concentration gradient.
56. NADH
57. ATP
58. oxygen
59. proton
60. electron
61. An example of a poison that kills by interfering with ATP production is
62. arsenic.
63. carbon monoxide.
64. cyanide.
65. rotenone.
66. All of the answer choices are correct.
67. In aerobic cellular respiration, the actual ATP yield from a molecule of glucose is ATP molecules.
68. 4
69. 30
70. 42
71. 2
72. 15
73. Muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to
74. allow an animal to survive for long periods of time in the absence of oxygen.
75. produce less CO2.
76. produce ATP in the presence of oxygen.
77. produce more ATP than in respiration.
78. generate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen.
79. Alcoholic fermentation
80. produces carbon dioxide.
81. All of the answer choices are correct.
82. produces ethanol.
83. is carried out by yeasts.
84. produces far less ATP than aerobic respiration.
85. The most ancient of the energy pathways among organisms is probably
86. glycolysis.
87. aerobic respiration.
88. the Krebs cycle.
89. the Calvin cycle.
90. photosynthesis.

True / False Questions

1. People beginning cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training are often surprised that they can breathe enough oxygen into a victim with the air from their lungs. The fact that you still have sufficient oxygen to benefit another person in emergencies indicates that our bodies do not use all of the oxygen molecules we breathe

in.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Compared to the air a person inhales, the air that they exhale has
2. higher concentrations of both O2 and CO2 .
3. a lower concentration of O2 and a higher concentration of CO2 .
4. a higher concentration of O2 and a lower concentration of CO2 .
5. lower concentrations of both O2 and CO2 .
6. equal amounts of O2 and CO2.
7. In glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, electrons are removed from glucose and taken up by molecules like NAD+. In such a reaction, glucose is being and NAD+ is being .
8. phosphorylated; oxidized
9. oxidized; reduced
10. reduced; oxidized
11. reduced; phosphorylated
12. phosphorylated; reduced
13. How can glycolysis produce ATP in the absence of oxygen and ATP synthase?
14. by exciting electrons using photons of light
15. All of the answer choices are correct.
16. by ATPase linked to the mitochondrial electron transport chain
17. by substrate-level phosphorylation
18. by oxidative phosphorylation
19. The first steps in glycolysis involve
20. reducing glucose.
21. both the addition of two phosphates to glucose, and then splitting glucose.
22. adding two phosphates from ATP to glucose.
23. splitting glucose into two, 3-carbon molecules.
24. generation of ATP.
25. What first happens to the two-carbon molecule, acetyl CoA, as it enters the Krebs cycle?
26. It joins with pyruvate to form a four-carbon sugar.
27. It joins with another acetyl CoA molecule to form a six-carbon sugar.
28. It is reduced to form carbon dioxide.
29. It is activated with a phosphate from ATP.
30. It is combined with a four-carbon sugar to form a six-carbon sugar.
31. In a eukaryotic cell, the electron transport system occurs in the
32. ribosome.
33. lysosome.
34. mitochondrion.
35. nucleus.
36. cytoplasm.
37. Molecules called uncouplers allow protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane, which decreases the proton gradient potential. Consequently, ATP production in the mitochondria would
38. not change, because protons cross the outer mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP.
39. increase, because this would spontaneously establish a proton gradient for powering ATP synthase.
40. decrease, because the proton gradient, for powering ATP synthase, would dissipate.
41. increase, because this would make more oxygen available in the mitochondrial matrix.
42. decrease, because electrons would not be able to move through the electron transport chain.
43. Cyanide and carbon monoxide block the final step in the electron transport chain. Consequently, ATP production in the mitochondria would
44. not change, because protons cross the outer mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP.
45. increase, because this would spontaneously establish a stronger proton gradient.
46. decrease, because electrons would not move through the electron transport chain and reduce oxygen.
47. decrease, because protons would not be able to move across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
48. increase, because this would make more oxygen available in the mitochondrial matrix.
49. The reactions in glycolysis are reversible; however, the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA is irreversible in animal cells. Can fatty acids be converted back into carbohydrates?
50. Yes, because they enter metabolism in the Krebs cycle.
51. No, because they enter metabolism as acetyl CoA.
52. No, because they enter metabolism as pyruvate.
53. Yes, because they enter metabolism as acetyl CoA.
54. Yes, because they enter metabolism as pyruvate.
55. Which of the following could be electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration?
56. nitrate or oxygen
57. sulfate or oxygen
58. lactic acid
59. nitrate or sulfate
60. All of the answer choices are correct.
61. Yeast produce ethanol, a toxic waste product during fermentation. Why would yeast undergo fermentation instead of cellular respiration?
62. to regenerate NAD+ in order to continue glycolysis
63. to use up excess pyruvate in order to continue glycolysis
64. to avoid the production of lactic acid
65. to produce NADH for energy
66. to conserve oxygen for other reactions
67. During fermentation, ATP can be produced per glucose, compared with theoretical a yield of by aerobic respiration. A. 2; 6

B. 30; 6

C. 6; 30

D. 2; 36

E. 36; 2

1. Philodendron flowers pass electrons through an electron transport chain to generate heat. What are the sources of these electrons?
2. oxygen and water
3. water and ATP
4. NADH and FADH2
5. sunlight and FADH2
6. ATP and NADPH
7. Philodendron flowers pass electrons through a mitochondrial electron transport chain to generate heat. What step is bypassed in generating heat?
8. formation of a proton gradient
9. transfer of electrons to oxygen
10. excitation of electrons by sunlight
11. donation of electrons to the electron transport chain
12. release of electrons from water
13. When Seymour and colleagues measured the temperature of Philodendron flowers, what hypothesis were they testing?
14. Does generating heat decrease the metabolism of Philodendron?
15. Does heat increase the rate of photosynthesis by Philodendron?
16. Is heat being used by Philodendron to attract pollinators?
17. Does generating heat increase the metabolism of Philodendron?
18. Is heat being used by Philodendron increase the rate of pollen production?
19. The rate of carbon dioxide production by Cyclocephala colasi beetles was used to measure their
20. rate of photosynthesis.
21. level of activity.
22. ability to pollinate flowers.
23. rate of respiration.
24. body temperature.

1. What is the dependent variable in this figure?
2. rate of carbon dioxide production
3. temperature
4. glucose production
5. amount of pollen collected
6. rate of oxygen production
7. What is the independent variable in this figure?
8. temperature
9. amount of pollen collected
10. glucose production
11. rate of oxygen production
12. rate of carbon dioxide production
13. What did scientists conclude from the data shown in this figure?
14. Active beetles saved energy at higher temperatures.
15. Generating heat led to increased pollination of Philodendron flowers by beetles.
16. Active beetles saved energy at lower temperatures.
17. Resting beetles saved energy at lower temperatures.
18. Resting beetles saved energy at higher temperatures.
19. Philodendron flowers have to use a lot of energy to attract beetles as pollinators. This is similar to the energy used by many other flowering plants to produce

in order to attract pollinators.

1. spores
2. nectar
3. seeds
4. leaves
5. pollen

True / False Questions

1. Cellular aerobic respiration includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Once amino acids are hydrolyzed from proteins, the energy can be harvested in cellular respiration pathways
2. as an intermediate molecule within the Krebs cycle.
3. after slight modification to become acetyl CoA.
4. after the ammonia group is removed.
5. as in all of these answer options, with only minimal modification required.
6. after slight modification to become pyruvate.

True / False Questions

1. Proteins in your diet can be used as a reactant in cellular respiration pathways.

True False

1. In eukaryotic cells the electron transport system occurs in the mitochondria.

True False

1. In prokaryotic cells the electron transport system occurs in the mitochondria.

True False

1. Chemiosmotic phosphorylation occurs when protons pass through ATP synthase and combine with oxygen and electrons to make water.

True False

1. Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs when protons pass through ATP synthase and combine with oxygen and electrons to make water.

True False

1. Anaerobic respiration uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.

True False

1. This diagram shows the chloroplast, in which aerobic respiration takes place.

True False