Chapter 6: LGBQ-Parent Families: Development and Functioning in Context

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. A(n) ______ to human development recognizes the influence of multiple intersecting contexts, including an individual’s family, friends, community, and culture.

A. cognitive behavioral approach

B. LGBQ approach

C. ecological approach

D. psychological approach

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Race and ethnicity shape the coming out process because ______.

A. there are hardly any biracial LGBQ couples

B. multiple forms of marginalization can intersect

C. racial and ethnic origins are more powerful than sexual orientation

D. racial and ethnic identities do not impact the coming out process

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Coming Out and Being Out

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. How do contemporary scholars view coming out?

A. complex and dynamic

B. straightforward and linear

C. stressful and upsetting

D. as an outdated concept

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Coming Out and Being Out

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Some studies of relationship quality have found that ______.

A. male same-sex couples report higher relationship quality than women same-sex couples

B. female same-sex couples report the same level of relationship quality that heterosexual couples experience

C. female same-sex couples report higher relationship quality than heterosexual couples

D. women and men in same-sex couples report similar quality of relationships

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Same-Sex Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Research about relationship length suggests that same-sex female couples ______.

A. are more likely than heterosexual couples to separate

B. are less likely than same-sex male parents to separate

C. separate at the same rate as heterosexual couples

D. are more likely than same-sex male couples without children to separate

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Same-Sex Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Women same-sex partners may be especially likely to value ______ in their relationship.

A. sexual intimacy

B. children

C. freedom

D. equality

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Equality

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Compared to heterosexual couples, homosexual couples ______.

A. report a higher frequency of conflict

B. report similar frequencies of arguing

C. argue less but have a greater incidence of violence in their relationships

D. argue more and report lower relationship quality

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Conflict and Difference

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Compared to heterosexual couples, women and men in same-sex couples perceive ______.

A. more social support

B. more social support, unless they are politically active

C. less social support

D. less social support, if they are childless

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Support and Recognition

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Among couples with children, same-sex couples are at least ______ times more likely than heterosexual couples to be raising an adopted or foster child.

A. 10

B. seven

C. three

D. one and a half

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Becoming Parents, Forming Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. An open adoption refers to ______.

A. an adoption in which the birth parents know the adoptive parents

B. a public form of adoption

C. an adoption without a “wait list”

D. an adoption in which birth parents maintain a legal right to the child

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adoption

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Which of the following statements about international adoption is most accurate?

A. The United States refuses to participate in international adoptions for same-sex couples.

B. “Sending countries” may be resistant to same-sex adoptive couples.

C. International adoptions are the most common type of adoptions that same-sex couples consider.

D. International adoptions are the least common types of adoption that same-sex couples consider.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adoption

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. When compared to heterosexual parents, sexual minority parents ______.

A. experience the same challenges as part of the adoption process

B. are more likely to return children to adoption agencies

C. face additional challenges in the adoption process

D. adopt White children at a higher rate

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Other Challenges

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Compared to children of heterosexual couples, children of lesbian couples have been shown to ______.

A. earn lower scores on standardized tests

B. engage in more behavioral problems

C. possess a higher level of social competence

D. earn higher math and science scores

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parent and Child Functioning

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Compared to children with heterosexual parents, children with same-sex parents are ______.

A. more likely to experience issues with self-esteem, depression, and social functioning

B. equally likely to experience issues with self-esteem, depression, and social functioning

C. equally likely to experience issues with self-esteem and depression, but more likely to experience issues with social functioning

D. more likely to experience issues with self-esteem and social functioning, but less likely to experience issues with depression

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parent and Child Functioning

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. A survey of 500 LGBT parents, conducted by the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN), found that more than half of the parents described ______.

A. experiencing tokenism in the school environment

B. consistent threats of violence from school administrators

C. an absence of support services available to the children of same-sex couples

D. various forms of exclusion from their children’s school communities

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The School Context

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Cindy and Taylor have experienced a tremendous amount of heterosexism in their workplaces and within their families. Which of the following is an example of their experiences with heterosexism?

A. invitations to dinner for both of them at Cindy’s parents’ home

B. workplace policies that covered Taylor’s health benefits as Cindy’s partner

C. other day care parents continuing to ask Cindy to bring her child’s father to parent events

D. the adoption process that resulted in Cindy and Taylor adopting their daughter

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Other Challenges

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. The level of support that LGBQ-parent families receive is often most dependent on ______.

A. the level of support offered by an LGBQ parent to their families of origin

B. if the child and family of origin share a religion

C. if the child and family of origin are of similar socioeconomic status

D. if the child and family of origin are biologically related

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Family of Origin Context

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which of the following statements accurately compares same-sex couples and heterosexual couples?

A. Both female and male same-sex couples are more likely to equitably share housework than heterosexual couples.

B. Female same-sex couples are more likely to equitably share housework than male same-sex couples and heterosexual couples.

C. Male same-sex couples are more likely to equitably share housework than female same-sex couples and heterosexual couples.

D. Heterosexual couples are more likely to equitably share housework than same-sex couples.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Equality

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Research on same-sex couples suggests that ______ has been linked to higher levels of relationship conflict.

A. adopting children

B. internalized homophobia

C. lack of monogamy

D. previous heterosexual activity

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict and Difference

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Which of the following terms refers to someone who is nonmonosexual?

A. homosexual

B. monogamous

C. cisgender

D. bisexual

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict and Difference

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Which of the following are the most common routes to parenthood for LGBQ parent families?

A. donor insemination and adoption

B. co-parenting with a heterosexual couple and raising a biological child from a heterosexual relationship

C. co-parenting with another same-sex couple and donor insemination

D. surrogacy and adoption

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Donor Insemination

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Conflict may be more likely to arise between a homosexual and bisexual partner than between two homosexual or heterosexual partners. These conflicts often stem from increased concerns about infidelity (based on stereotypes about bisexual people). In these relationships, a bisexual partner will experience ______.

A. unique bisexual-specific minority stressors

B. increased difficulty in monogamous relationships

C. increased heterosexism outside of the LGBQ community

D. greater financial security during their lifetime

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conflict and Difference

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Closed adoptions, where birth parents and adoptive parents do not exchange identifying information and there is no contact between the two parties, are ______.

A. increasingly common

B. most common among LGBQ parents

C. increasingly rare

D. unheard of in the 21st century

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adoption

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Same-sex couples are ______ likely to adopt transracially or transculturally as heterosexual couples.

A. less

B. more

C. equally as likely

D. equally as unlikely

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Other Challenges

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Maria has recently given birth to her son Juan. During her pregnancy, Maria frequently experienced discrimination from her health care providers because of her sexuality. Maria’s wife, Emily, is concerned that Maria may be experiencing postpartum depression but has been unsuccessful in convincing Maria to seek medical help. Which of the following is most likely to contribute to Maria’s reluctance to seek help?

A. Maria is concerned about wasting her physician’s time.

B. Maria has read that there is no cure for postpartum depression.

C. Maria worries that when seeking care for postpartum depression, her physician will further doubt her abilities as a parent.

D. Emily is simply jealous of Maria’s pregnancy and Maria does not need care.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Health-Care Context

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. In the text, LGBQ stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Minority stress refers to stress experienced only by same-sex couples of color.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Gay male adoptive parents show the lowest separation rate.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Same-Sex Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Studies have indicated that children with same-sex parents are at a slight academic disadvantage.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parent and Child Functioning

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. When compared to heterosexual couples, LGBQ couples perceive more support from parents and family members, even when there are no children involved.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Family of Origin Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Even if a same-sex couple has a strong relationship, little social support or recognition of their relationship puts them at risk for decreased relational health.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Support and Recognition

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Research suggests that higher levels of conflict in same-sex couples have less of an impact than conflict in a heterosexual couple because the same-sex couple has an “I got your back” mentality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conflict and Difference

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Equality in same-sex relationships is more of a myth than a reality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Equality

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Failure to disclose one’s sexual orientation in diverse contexts reflects an incomplete or inauthentic sexual identity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Coming Out and Being Out

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Individuals who are “strategically out” are not out to every person or in every context in their lives.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Coming Out and Being Out

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. The coming out process is unique to sexual minorities. What are some of the issues that LGBQ people face? Discuss the challenges and benefits of coming out.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Coming Out and Being Out

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. In what ways are same-sex relationships similar to heterosexual relationships? How are they uniquely different? Where do you see differences, and how do you explain them?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Same-Sex Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. A lesbian couple is trying to decide between pursuing alternative insemination and adoption as means of becoming parents. What challenges might they encounter if they choose to inseminate? If they choose to adopt?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Donor Insemination

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What are some of the factors that appear to impact the level of support that lesbian/gay-parent families receive from their families of origin?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Family of Origin Context

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Compare and contrast Cass’s stage model of the coming out process with the view of contemporary scholars.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Coming Out and Being Out

Difficulty Level: Medium