Ch5 Socialization, Social Interaction, Verified Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 1

1) When people are taught, whether through implicit instruction or modeling, how to act, think, and even feel according to the rules of their culture, they are experiencing

Page reference: p. 116 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. socialization

b. generalization

c. normalization

d. bureaucratization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 2

2) When sociologists say that “biology is not destiny,” what do they mean?

Page reference: p. 116 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. Biological factors established before birth, such as our genes, are influential over our social lives, but biological factors that appear after we are born, such as injuries and illnesses, are not.

b. While biology is one factor that shapes our bodies and our health, social factors also impact these.

c. We expect that, in the future, researchers will be able to locate the exact genes responsible for different social outcomes.

d. Biology and social forces are equally influential over social outcomes in our lives.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 3

3) Which of the following statements are accurate about adults who are socially isolated?

Page reference: p. 117 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. They die younger after having worse mental and physical health.

b. They have worse mental and physical health, but they do not die younger than better-connected adults.

c. They report higher levels of happiness, citing social isolation as a source of relief, not stress, for themselves.

d. They experience worse physical health and die younger than their peers, but they do not have worse mental health.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 4

4) The theory of the looking glass self says that

Page reference: p. 117-118 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. people are vain and so look to others who physically look like themselves as role models

b. we develop a social self based on how we think other people perceive us

c. people cannot “see” themselves clearly unless someone forces them do so by pointing out their weaknesses

d. the process of socialization is so delicate that people rarely forget even the most minor corrections or insults

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 5

3) What happens, according to George Herbert Mead, during the play stage of child development?

Page reference: p. 118 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. Children invent games with complicated rules in order to establish authority among their peers.

b. Children watch adult behavior such as swearing and flirting, during their childhood.

c. Children pretend to be other people, like a parent or a doctor or a teacher, which helps them understand the world from others’ perspectives.

d. Children change the rules of games as they play in order to advantage themselves and practice manipulation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 6

6) What happens, according to George Herbert Mead, during the game stage of child development?

Page reference: p. 118 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. Children invent games to impress each other with their creativity.

b. Children become very upset when others cheat because they value fairness, but they invent exceptions to the rules when doing so benefits them.

c. Children seek their parents’ attention by arguing with their friends and siblings over the rules of games.

d. Children learn problem-solving skills, including how to get along with peers when they disagree about the rules of play.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 7

7) For Mead, who comprises the “generalized other”?

Page reference: p. 118 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. People in society in general, but not specific individuals

b. People who are close friends

c. People in our primary groups

d. People in our reference groups

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 8

8) According to Freud, the id is

Page reference: p. 118 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. the site of a battle between impulsive and planned behavior

b. our moral navigation system

c. the unconscious part of the mind, which seeks immediate pleasure and gratification

d. where we store memories of embarrassing moments so that we don’t repeat them

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 9

9) According to Freud, the super-ego is

Page reference: p. 118 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. our memory for perceived injuries and slights; it is where we hold our grudges

b. where we store our affection for our parents and our fear of their disappointment in us

c. our unconscious desires to hurt those we see as competitors, even if we also think we love them

d. the part of the mind that serves as our conscience, telling us what is moral

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 10

10) According to Freud, the ego is

Page reference: p. 119 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. the source of self-confidence

b. the source of self-doubt

c. the part of the mind that balances the demands of the id to seek pleasure and the demand of the super-ego to feel guilt. It helps us determine the practical choice in any given situation.

d. the part of the mind that both seeks pleasure and feels shame in that pleasure-seeking

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 11

11) When sociologists say that socialization is a force of social control, what do they mean?

Page reference: p. 119 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. Socialization is an explicit process, one that often uses violence and the threat of physical force to ensure compliance.

b. Most people regret their participation in the socialization process of others after the fact, but when they are participating in socializing another person, they are unaware of what they are doing.

c. When we comply with agents of socialization, our individual consciences feel at peace because we are consistently acting in ways that we think are right.

d. Through socialization, we internalize the rules of our culture so that violence or physical threats are not required to make us comply. We learn the rules so well that we don’t even think of ourselves as complying with them—instead, we are just acting “normally.”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 12

12) The process by which social standards of normal behavior are used to judge people and to reform those who are determined not to be normal is called

Page reference: p. 119 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. socialization

b. bureaucratization

c. generalization

d. normalization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 13

13) Which of the following items is part of the hidden curriculum for children in the early years of school?

Page reference: p. 120 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. how to ask a question without disrupting class

b. how to identify shapes

c. how to skip a rope in Physical Education

d. how to write their names

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 14

14) As we move through childhood, ______________ tend to become a more powerful socializing force, while the influence of ____________ may diminish.

Page reference: p. 120 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. families, peer groups

b. media, schools

c. peer groups, families

d. schools, families

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 15

15) James’ parents have forbidden him from driving a snowmobile, saying that he has not shown the maturity necessary to drive one. One day he attends an ice-fishing trip with some friends, all of whom are permitted to drive snowmobiles. When James tells his friends that he is not permitted by his parents to drive a snowmobile, they tease him for being controlled by his parents and unwilling to act independently. Still, James refuses to break his parents’ rules. James has just successfully navigated

Page reference: p. 121 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. peer pressure

b. adult socialization

c. the hidden curriculum

d. resocialization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 16

16) Which of the following events is likely to support the formation of a generation?

Page reference: p. 122 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. Assassination of a president

b. Death of a dear grandparent

c. Lingering illness

d. The addition of a new wing to your high school

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 17

17) The likelihood of the following increases after job loss EXCEPT

Page reference: p. 123 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. Loss of friendships .

b. Health problems

c. Personal satisfaction

d. Divorce

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 18

18) Which of the following statements about socialization during old age is not true?

Page reference: p. 124 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. Most people are financially well prepared for old age and find that they can live a lifestyle familiar to them long after retirement.

b. Many older workers retire before they are emotionally or financially ready to.

c. Forging a new identity apart from employment can be difficult for many people.

d. Peer groups get smaller as friends and loved ones die.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 19

19) What is the thesis of Annette Lareau’s book Unequal Childhoods?

Page reference: p. 125 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. Wealthy parents pay other people to do the work of rearing their children. In contrast, poor parents spend more time caring for their children on their own.

b. Wealthy parents are more likely to teach their children to be assertive with adults and to engage the adult world, while poorer parents are more likely to maintain a division between children and adult worlds.

c. Knowing that their children lack the same opportunities as wealthy children, poor parents work hard starting from the birth of their children to make them competitive for college admissions.

d. Parenting style has more of an impact on wealth than wealth does on parenting style.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 20

20) What is one of the main findings of the Up series?

Page reference: p. 126 “Socialization and Selfhood”

a. Biology is a stronger predictor of social outcomes than are social factors.

b. By age 7, children have already been socialized into their economic class.

c. British society, like American society, is highly fluid, so people are able to move across class lines fairly easily.

d. Ending childhood poverty is possible if a society commits to it.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 21

21) If you want to change your achieved status, you need to change ____________; if you want to change your ascribed status, you need to change _____________.

Page reference: p. 126 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. your mindset, your actions

b. your attitude, your treatment of others

c. your actions, how people see you

d. your values, your behaviors

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 22

22) What is one reason we accept the presentation of self that others perform?

Page reference: p. 128 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. Efforts to correct them are rarely successful.

b. We don’t want to cause them embarrassment.

c. We are not invested enough in others to make the effort to correct them.

d. We mistrust our own insights into their behaviors because we have been taught to trust the words of powerful people.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 23

23) In 2019, children internees in detention camps for immigrants to the U.S. were denied basic healthcare supplies such as toothbrushes or lice treatment. In response to criticism that this is a human rights violation, federal government guards in the camps said that they were simply following orders when they did not provide children with these goods. This is a case of

Page reference: p. 138 “Group Life”

a. hidden curriculum

b. bureaucracy

c. peer pressure

d. moral indifference

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 24

24) Socialization contributes to the social construction of reality because it

Page reference: p. “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. encourages us to listen to our gut when we see a misalignment between someone’s behaviors and the values they claim to have

b. teaches people in a society what is “natural” and makes it harder for them to consider alternatives to the way things are in a society

c. rewards people who challenge unfair power dynamics

d. discourages consumer consumption

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 25

25) Which of the following is an achieved status?

Page reference: p. 126 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. Person with juvenile diabetes (also called Type I diabetes) b. Tall person

c. Swimmer

d. Natural blonde

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 26

26) Which of the following is an ascribed status?

a. Honor roll student

b. Latina

c. Member of a sorority

d. Tutor

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 27

27) In any given situation, we have to figure out which of the many _____________ we hold is most relevant, which in turn helps us decide which roles to enact.

Page reference: p. 126 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. social networks

b. looking-glass selves

c. organizational cultures

d. statuses

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 28

28) Role strain occurs when

Page reference: p. 128 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. multiple roles that we hold make conflict demands on us

b. one role makes conflicting demands on us

c. the role we are given is defined by someone else, with little or no input from us

d. our personal goals have changed but our role has not and we are frustrated by the misalignment of goals and roles

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 29

29) Role conflict occurs when

Page reference: p. 128 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. multiple roles that we hold make conflict demands on us

b. one role makes conflicting demands on us

c. the role we are given is defined by someone else, with little or no input from us

d. our personal goals have changed but our role has not and we are frustrated by the misalignment of goals and roles

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 30

30) Bailey is a single mother who wants to provide her children with nutritious lunches while they are at school, but she also finds that the time she required by planning and packing lunches takes away from the time she would like to spend reading books with her children at bedtime. What is Bailey experiencing?

Page reference: p. 128 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. Role strain

b. Role conflict

c. Normalization

d. Peer pressure

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 31

31) John is both the captain of the lacrosse team and the president of the honor society at his high school. Wednesday night is the induction ceremony for new members of the honor society and also lacrosse practice. John is torn about which event he should attend. What is John experiencing?

Page reference: p. 128 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. Role conflict

b. Role strain

c. Peer pressure

d. Normalization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 32

32) Attending classes, reading textbooks, taking notes, participating in group study sessions, completing assignments, and taking tests are all part of the ____________ of college student.

Page reference: p. 128 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. role

b. status

c. bureaucracy

d. normalization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 33

33) Which theory was the major contribution that Erving Goffman made to sociology?

Page reference: p. 128 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. Dramaturgical theory

b. Looking-glass self theory

c. Discourse theory

d. Theory of the generalized other

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 34

34) What is the objective of SlutWalks?

Page reference: p. 130 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. To make high-end fashion more accessible to the public

b. To celebrate women’s bodies in a non-judgmental way

c. To publicly challenge the notion that women’s clothing is responsible for sexual violence against women

d. To demand the testing of untested rape kits

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 35

35) Which of the following statements about media technologies is accurate?

Page reference: p. 140 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. As people have more options of kinds of technologies to use, they spread their use out across more devices but have not increased the total hours spend using media technologies.

b. Our media consumption has increased dramatically over recent decades.

c. People behave similarly in anonymous and non-anonymous online settings.

d. People with greater access to media report no more use of it than people with more limited access.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 36

36) Sociologist Sherry Turkle reported in her book Life on Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet (1996) that

Page reference: p. 130 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. we treat our online relationships as insincere

b. the more time we spend online, the more depressed we are, in general

c. the roles we play online can be therapeutic because they help us see the variety of ways we can be in the world

d. the internet causes more fights than friendships

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 37

37) One risk of spending our online time with people who affirm what we already believe is that we

Page reference: p. 131 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. are less likely to see the small but important differences in opinion that we have with our online friends

b. come to hold more extreme versions of the opinions that we already hold

c. forget to demand evidence of the claims that they make because we agree with claims themselves

d. ignore our real-life friendships in favor of our online ones

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 38

38) What kind of group is most likely to foster a feeling of belonging?

Page reference: p. 132 “Group Life”

a. Secondary group

b. Bureaucracy

c. Organizational culture

d. Primary group

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 39

39) Which of the following is an example of a primary group?

Page reference: p. 132 “Group Life”

a. A group of friends who met at summer camp in high school and have taken a camping trip together each year since then

b. Participants in a large online gaming community

c. All living alumni from your university

d. Members of a national organization promoting the interests of a profession, such as the American Medical Association or the National Council of Teachers of English

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 40

40) What kind of group is typically organized around a common activity or interest?

Page reference: p. 132 “Group Life”

a. Secondary group

b. Primary group

c. Organizational culture

d. Bureaucracy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 41

41) Which of the following is an example of a secondary group?

Page reference: p. 132 “Group Life”

a. Spectators at a children’s swim meet

b. The parent-coaches of a Little League baseball team

c. The teenager players on a high school golf team

d. Two sociologists working together on research on the impact of parental pressure on student athletes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 42

42) Why do secondary groups often distinguish between members and leaders?

Page reference: p. 132 “Group Life”

a. Because they want to reward people for becoming new members.

b. Because they worry that they may attract people who actually are seeking to undermine the group’s goals, so they are hesitant to embrace new members.

c. Because strict hierarchies are known to generate more creative contributions from people in a group.

d. Because members are can easily leave, forcing leaders to do much of the organizational work.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 43

43) Any group that helps us figure out where we fit in society is called

Page reference: p. 133 “Group Life”

a. an organizational culture

b. a peer pressure group

c. a dyad

d. a reference group

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 44

44) Which of the examples below is an example of a negative reference group?

Page reference: p. 133 “Group Life”

a. Your parents play bridge as part of a bridge club. They read books about strategy in bridge in order to improve their understanding of the game and become more competitive players.

b. Each fall, your neighborhood hosts a chili cook-off, with a person being crowned “Chili King” or “Chili Queen” and being given a small trophy and the right to brag about their performance.

c. You are a new public high school teacher, and you join a group of other early-career teachers every Thursday night for drinks at a local bar to commiserate about the challenges of your work.

d. Your parents point to a group of juvenile delinquents who are frequently in trouble with the law as examples of how they do not want you to behave.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 45

45) How do advertisers exploit reference groups?

Page reference: p. 133 “Group Life”

a. They offer group deals, so if you purchase the same item as a friend, you both get a discount.

b. They show images of people whom we hope to be like purchasing and using goods the advertisers are trying to sell.

c. They offer a discount on purchasing items in bulk, such as a “buy-one-get-one-free” deal.

d. They offer a trial subscription for free and then charge after the consumer has likely forgotten that they subscribed.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 46

46) A star of a reality TV show about people living with addictions likes to wear clothing from a particular brand; this includes T-shirts with the logo of the brand prominently displayed. This brand sues the TV show over the use of their logo on the show. Why do they want to stop a reality TV actor from displaying their logo?

Page reference: p. 133 “Group Life”

a. They do not want people with addictions to serve as a reference group for people considering their brand.

b. They do not want the TV show to make a claim later that they should have paid for product placement (when a company places their product in a television show, movie, video game, etc.).

c. Out of respect for viewers, they do not want to expose people to their product if those people are not seeking it out.

d. They fear that excessive exposure may increase the popularity of the product beyond what they are able to supply to retailers; they don’t want to create a demand that they cannot meet.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 47

47) An in-group is a group

Page reference: p. 133 “Group Life”

a. you feel intimidated by

b. whose culture is difficult to learn

c. you look down on

d. you are connected to in a positive way and to which you feel bonded

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 48

48) An out-group is a group

Page reference: p. 133 “Group Life”

a. you feel intimidated by

b. whose culture is difficult to learn

c. you look down on

d. you are connected to in a positive way and to which you feel bonded

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 49

49) In July 2019, President Donald Trump attacked four women of color who are also Members of Congress by saying that they should “go back to where they came from”—though all of them are citizens and three of them were born in the U.S. In his tweet associating the Representatives with immigrants, President Trump was arguing that these women are part of

Page reference: p. 133 “Group Life”

a. an in-group

b. a secondary group

c. a primary group

d. an out-group

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 50

50) As groups increase in size, they become more

Page reference: p. 133 “Group Life”

a. complex

b. unstable

c. important to their members

d. scrutinized

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 51

51) According to Georg Simmel, which group is the most unstable?

Page reference: p. 139 “Group Life”

a. Dyads

b. Triads

c. Groups of 5–10 people

d. Large groups of 100 or more

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 52

52) You are a first-year undergraduate student who wants to pursue a career in sports medicine after attending medical school. To achieve your goal, you would be wise to choose which of the following groups as a reference group?

Page reference: p. 133 “Group Life”

a. Student athletes at your university

b. The biology professor who most challenged you

c. The juniors and senior pre-med students at your university with the highest GPAs

d. The advisors who work with students who want to become sports medicine doctors

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 53

53) What is a down-market reference group?

Page reference: p. 133 “Group Life”

a. A less prestigious group of consumers who degrade the value of a luxury brand by consuming it

b. Consumers who negatively review products in social media settings

c. Employees at bars, clubs, and other social settings who disguise themselves as regular customers but who are paid actors whose job is to create an atmosphere of sexual excitement

d. Forms of artificial intelligence (“bots”) that promote products on social media, appearing as if they are real people when they are not

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 54

54) You are creating an online dating profile. In order to look your best, you hire a stylist to help you choose your clothes and hairstyle, a makeup artist to prepare your cosmetics, and a professional photographer to take 100 photos of you. You read a lot of online advice columns about how to write your profile, and you hire an editor to review it for you and offer you feedback. What would sociologist Sherry Turkle, author of Life on Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet, likely say about your efforts?

Page reference: p. 130 “Interaction and the Social Construction of Reality”

a. They are deceptive and thus unfair to other people who may be respond to your ad.

b. They are likely to be ineffective, since those viewing your profile will likely unconsciously adjust their expectations of you downward anyway, because they understand that everyone appears more attractive online than in person.

c. They are a form of online identity performance that involves genuine ways of engaging in the social world.

d. They reinforce hierarchies of attractiveness that are associated with wealth, since only wealthy people can afford to go to such efforts.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 55

55) Which group is typically the most emotionally difficult to leave?

Page reference: p. 132 “Group Life”

a. Large groups

b. Bureaucracies

c. Primary groups

d. Secondary groups

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 56

56) Which of the following statements about social interaction in the media age is accurate?

Page reference: p. 139 “Group Life”

a. People with more online relationships are likely to have fewer face-to-face relationships.

b. Most people understand their online personas to be false.

c. As older people join a social media platform, their presence attracts more younger people as well.

d. Younger people today consume, on average, more media than their parents did at the same age.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 57

57) A person who is transgender

Page reference: p. 141 “Case Study: Caitlyn Jenner and Gender Socialization”

a. Identifies with a gender that is different from the one assigned to them at birth

b. Identifies with no gender

c. Changes their gender identity according to their social situation

d. Has undergone a gender confirmation surgery that changes their body to align better with cultural expectations about their gender

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 58

58) In relationship to gender, the term “transition” refers to the process of

Page reference: p. 141 “Case Study: Caitlyn Jenner and Gender Socialization”

a. No longer publicly living as a person of one gender and instead living publicly as a person of another gender

b. Using hormones to make a transperson’s body better align with cultural expectations about their body—such as making a transman’s voice lower.

c. Legally changing one’s gender on birth certificates, driver’s licenses, and other official documents

d. Surgically changing one’s body to align better with cultural expectations of one’s gender

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 59

59) How can Caitlyn Jenner be both part of an oppressed minority and a person with privilege?

Page reference: p. 141 “Case Study: Caitlyn Jenner and Gender Socialization”

a. She is both a transwoman—a member of a group of people who are far more likely than average to be victims of violence—and a person of incredible wealth.

b. She is both a person who has been divorced and a person who is famous.

c. She is popular among some people and reviled among others.

d. As is typical in American society, she was socialized according to the sex assigned her at birth (in this case, male), but she also exercised agency by living life as a woman.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 60

60) What is one feminist criticism of Caitlyn Jenner’s transition?

Page reference: p. 141 “Case Study: Caitlyn Jenner and Gender Socialization”

a. She did not choose to change her last name, which is a recognizable link to her deadname (her name prior to her transition).

b. She has chosen to pursue a very traditional version of femininity, including popular ideas of beauty.

c. She did not reject the Arthur Ashe Courage Award, even though Ashe was a man.

d. She did not work to remove images of herself pre-transition from the social media world.