Ch4 Test Bank Interrelated Scientific Principles

Environmental Science, 15e (Enger)

Chapter 4 Interrelated Scientific Principles

1) The scientific method is

A) reliable.

B) impartial.

C) limited in when it can be used.

D) All of these are correct.

2) Scientists distinguish between situations that are merely correlated and those that are correlated and show

A) relationships.

B) cause-and-effect relationships.

C) cause-and-relation.

D) None of these are correct.

3) Communication is a central characteristic of the

A) scientific method.

B) material conference.

C) scientific action.

D) All of these are correct.

4) Pseudoscience

A) is a deceptive practice.

B) utilizes appearance and language of science.

C) is misleading.

D) All of these are correct.

5) Repeatability in an experiment is important because

A) it eliminates bias.

B) independent investigators must be able to get the same results.

C) it helps to support the initial hypothesis.

D) only independent investigators must be able to get the same results and it helps to support the initial hypothesis.

E) All of these are correct.

6) The scientific method is the process that scientists use to

A) evaluate student learning.

B) rigorously test the solutions to new questions.

C) study a crime scene.

D) photograph human behavior.

7) Some of the steps followed in the scientific method include:

A) write a dissertation and present the information at a scientific conference.

B) analyze historical events and offer your opinion of the key findings.

C) observation, formulate and test a hypothesis, compare results to others and publish.

D) interview many people about their reaction to current events.

8) Scientists usually experiment by collecting data

A) from as large a sample as possible.

B) from one source only.

C) from their relatives.

D) only from other researchers and comparing their results.

9) "Matter" is made up of

A) atoms.

B) proteins.

C) bases.

D) pseudo electrons.

10) Which of the following is NOT an inorganic household chemical?

A) ammonia

B) salt

C) vinegar

D) lye

11) The position of an element in the Periodic Table tells you

A) whether it is organic or inorganic.

B) the number and position of the parts of the atom.

C) the amount of potential energy of the atom.

D) whether it is used in photosynthesis or respiration.

12) Gasoline engines are

A) less efficient than diesel engines.

B) more efficient than diesel engines.

C) more likely to last longer than diesel engines.

D) 58% more efficient than hybrid engines.

13) Which of the following light sources is the most efficient?

A) incandescent

B) LED

C) candle

D) sodium vapor

14) The energy released as water flows downhill from behind a dam is an example of

A) kinetic energy.

B) hydroxyl ion formation.

C) activation energy.

D) potential energy.

15) When energy is converted from one form to another, the loss of energy is usually in the form of

A) water.

B) fluorescent light.

C) heat.

D) radioactivity.

16) Which of the following small molecules are converted to form sugar in photosynthesis?

A) oxygen and water

B) hydroxyl ion and hydrogen

C) carbon dioxide and oxygen

D) water and carbon dioxide

17) What does it mean when a solution has a low pH number?

A) It is a base.

B) It is a catalyst.

C) It is an acid.

D) It has a high number of hydroxyl ions.

18) What is the fundamental subunit of matter?

A) molecule

B) compound

C) mixture

D) atom

19) The second law of thermodynamics states that

A) energy is the ability to do work.

B) useful energy is lost when converting from one form of energy to another.

C) energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

D) all energy is either kinetic or potential.

20) Which of the following is released as a result of respiration?

A) energy for growth and reproduction

B) fats, sugars, and proteins

C) oxygen

D) chlorine ions

21) The nucleus of an atom contains

A) only electrons.

B) electrons and protons.

C) only protons.

D) protons and neutrons.

22) The heat that is transferred from a hot object to your hand is known as

A) sensible heat.

B) latent heat.

C) entropy.

D) kinetic energy.

23) The heat energy used to cause liquid water to evaporate from your skin is called

A) sensible heat.

B) combustion.

C) evapotranspiration.

D) latent heat.

24) Energy that cannot be used to do useful work is referred to as

A) potential energy.

B) entropy.

C) kinetic energy.

D) enzymatic energy.

25) Reproducibility is an important part of the scientific method and means that

A) other scientists are able to repeat the experiment and obtain similar results.

B) scientists show all the calculations in their work.

C) scientists have an idea that they are testing.

D) a control group is always used.

26) In order to discern whether or not a product is green you should look for

A) statements about the use of recycled materials.

B) evidence of a company's commitment to making and marketing a green product.

C) a list of actual ingredients and their sources following a statement of using all natural ingredients.

D) All of these are correct.

Which of the following best matches the description?

27) Burning of fuel to obtain heat.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

28) Central region of an atom.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

29) Process whereby plants convert inorganic materials into organic matter.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

30) Negatively charged particle of an atom.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

31) Compound with a high number of hydroxyl ions or high pH.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

32) Process whereby organisms break down large molecules to obtain energy.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

33) Molecule or atom which has lost or gained an electron.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

34) The energy contained by moving objects, such as running water.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

35) Number used as a measure of hydrogen ion concentration.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

36) Positively charged particle of an atom.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

37) Protein molecule that speeds up the rate of a reaction.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

38) Compound with a low number of hydroxyl ions or low pH.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

39) Uncharged particle of an atom.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

40) The energy matter has because of its position.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

41) Energy that cannot be used to do useful work.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

42) Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

43) Heat energy that is used to change matter from a solid to liquid or gas.

A) respiration

B) pH

C) enzyme

D) ion

E) photosynthesis

F) acid

G) combustion

H) potential energy

J) base

K) proton

L) electron

M) isotope

N) neutron

O) kinetic energy

P) nucleus

Q) entropy

R) latent heat

44) Ocean water has low energy quality because there is a relatively small temperature difference between it and the objects to be heated.

45) Damming water changes its quantity and not its quality.

46) The release of chemical energy from food is analogous to the burning of fossil fuel.

47) An acid is an ionic compound that releases hydroxyl ions.

48) Photosynthesis is the process whereby animals break down large molecules such as sugars into smaller molecules.

49) The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

50) Potential energy is the energy contained by moving objects.

51) The fundamental unit of matter is the sugar molecule.

52) Chemical bonds are physical attractions between atoms resulting from the interaction of their electrons.

53) Scientific opinions are always factual.

54) Chemistry is extremely important in discussions of environmental problems.

55) The second law of thermodynamics states that whenever energy is converted from one form to another, some of the useful energy is lost.

56) It takes very little energy to change water from a liquid to a vapor.

57) With pseudoscience, deceptive practices may unintentionally confuse and/or mislead people into thinking that something has scientific validity when it does not.

58) An acid is any compound that accepts hydrogen ions (protons) in a solution.

59) Matter may be solid, liquid, or gas, depending on the amount of kinetic energy contained by the molecules.

60) Energy can be created and or destroyed with unlimited potential.

61) Pollution from wood stoves is a particular concern in the winter when:

A) Temperatures are low

B) There is significant snowfall

C) Temperature inversions limit air movement

D) Ice buildups can limit air movement

62) The Elwha River is located in what state?

A) Oregon

B) California

C) Maine

D) Washington

63) Many of the processes that occur in the natural world involve interactions between matter and:

A) Airflow

B) Energy

C) Space

D) Time

64) The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that wood stoves are responsible for ________ percent of the deadliest air pollutant particles emitted in the United States?

A) 5%

B) 25%

C) 50%

D) 95%