Ch4 Moral Reasoning And Criminal Justice Ethics Test Bank

Chapter 4

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 01

1) Moral reasoning involves which of the following?

a. Application of standards or rules from a system of ethics (e.g., Utilitarianism)

b. Resolution of a moral dilemma

c. A moral agent

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 02

2) Morally salient facts in any situation are known as:

a. Moral claims

b. Moral issues

c. Moral obligations

d. Moral dilemmas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 03

3) If, in deciding whether to lie to my shift supervisor about my partner’s use of excessive force to arrest a suspect accused of raping a 10 year-old girl, I determine whether lying about my partner’s behavior is more like lying to protect the innocent or to protect my interests, I have engaged in which form of reasoning?

a. Analogical

b. Utilitarian

c. Deontological

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 04

4) Prima facie duties:

a. Are the same as moral ideals

b. Consider consequences

c. Involve analogical thinking

d. Refer to morally significant relations between people

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 05

5) Moral learning:

a. Arises in part from the emotions involved in moral reasoning

b. Occurs partly as a by-product of after-the-fact reactions to a situation

c. Involves generating moral insights we previously were unable to do

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 06

6) These are considered the specific errors people often make in their moral reasoning:

a. Error of double standards

b. "Mine-is-better" thinking

c. Fallacies

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 07

7) This is the type of reasoning many of us used as children:

a. Error of double standards

b. "Mine-is-better" thinking

c. Fallacies

d. Error of unwarranted assumptions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 08

8) This involves using one set of criteria for judging our behavior and another for judging the behavior of others:

a. Error of double standards

b. "Mine-is-better" thinking

c. Fallacies

d. Error of unwarranted assumptions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 09

9) This occurs when we take too much for granted when making a moral judgment about our own behavior or that of another:

a. Error of double standards

b. "Mine-is-better" thinking

c. Fallacies

d. Error of unwarranted assumptions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 10

10) This occurs when we go beyond making the facts in the case manageable and end up distorting them:

a. Error of oversimplification

b. Error of hasty conclusions

c. Error of tu quoque

d. All of the above

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 04 Question 11

11) Moral reasoning is the process by which a moral agent resolves a moral dilemma confronting him or her.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 04 Question 12

12) Reasoning by analogy is a tool used to sort relevant information and obligations from those that are not relevant.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 04 Question 13

13) In moral reasoning, knowing that one has obligations and there are guiding rules or principles to help resolve moral dilemmas is satisfactory.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 04 Question 14

14) Moral dumbfoundedness describes a situation where one acts instinctively and is unable to offer justification for why the dilemma was resolved as it was.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 04 Question 15

15) When I use different logic to resolve similar moral dilemmas, I am violating the law of noncontradiction.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 04 Question 16

16) Consistency reasoning states that one should identify prima facie duties as the basis for selecting which obligation(s) should take precedence for resolving a moral dilemma.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 04 Question 17

17) Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development has been criticized on both methodological and theoretical grounds.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 04 Question 18

18) Moral deliberation occurs when one attempts to establish the truth of a particular moral claim on the basis of one or more general moral principles.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 04 Question 19

19) Moral arguments consist of a general moral principle (GMP), one or more factual claims (FC), and a derivative moral judgment (DMJ) or conclusion.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 04 Question 20

20) To conclude that lying is morally wrong by reciting a set of facts about the behavior constitutes a valid moral judgment

a. True

b. False

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 04 Question 21

21) The argument that sex education in high schools causes promiscuity among teenagers illustrates the error of ____________________.

a. Slippery slope thinking.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 04 Question 22

22) A conservative religious leader who proclaims that “no one who is in the faith, and true to that faith, can accept the scourge of abortion perpetrated by godless heathens such as Planned Parenthood that are destroying our society” has engaged in an erroneous _________________

a. Argument to the people.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 04 Question 23

23) ____________ describes an error in moral reasoning where issues raised in an argument are not relevant to the conclusion drawn from them.

a. Red herrings

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 04 Question 24

24) ____________ describes an error in reasoning where one has reached a conclusion about the morality of some behavior after carelessly “reading into” the case certain facts that were omitted.

a. Unwarranted assumptions

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 04 Question 25

25) _____________ is the morally salient facts in any situation.

a. Moral issues

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 04 Question 26

26) _____________ is reality-based knowledge, but the reality is relational and not material.

a. Moral facts

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 04 Question 27

27) _______ is using one set of criteria for judging our behavior and another for judging the behavior of others.

a. Error of double standards

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 04 Question 28

28) To avoid the error of _______________, one should find the facts that are missing and carefully assess the full case.

a. Hasty conclusions

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 04 Question 29

29) When an accused argues that his or her accusers are just as guilty of wrong doing, he or she has committed the error in reasoning known as ___________________.

a. Tu quoque

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 04 Question 30

30) To argue a policy of separating young children from their parents who seek asylum after illegally crossing the U.S. border is morally acceptable because most people agree with it illustrates the error in moral reasoning known as ____________________.

a. Moral conventialism

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 31

31) Pick a criminal justice issue and develop an argument that includes a general moral principle, factual claim and derivative moral judgement or conclusion based on deontology.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 32

32) Pick a criminal justice issue and develop an argument that includes a general moral principle, factual claim and derivative moral judgement or conclusion based on teleology.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 33

33) Pick a criminal justice issue and develop an argument that includes a general moral principle, factual claim and derivative moral judgement or conclusion based on virtue.