Ch4 | Enzymes & Energy – Test Bank – 15th Ed - Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox by Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski. DOCX document preview.

Ch4 | Enzymes & Energy – Test Bank – 15th Ed

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Human Physiology, 15e (Fox)

Chapter 4 Enzymes and Energy

1) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a catalyst?

A) It is not changed itself at the end of the reaction.

B) It does not change the nature of the reaction.

C) It can change the final result of the reaction.

D) It increases the rate of the reaction.

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.

2) In some instances, RNA can act as an enzyme.

Section: 04.01

Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA; Organic compounds

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.

3) Catalysts increase reaction rates by lowering the activation energy of a reaction.

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.

4) A chemical reaction rate can be increased by either ________ the temperature or ________ the activation energy.

A) increasing; increasing

B) increasing; decreasing

C) decreasing; decreasing

D) decreasing; increasing

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

5) Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?

A) Enzymes increase chemical reaction rates.

B) Enzymes are consumed during a chemical reaction.

C) Enzymes decrease the free energy of activation of specific reactions.

D) Enzymes have unique pH and temperature optima.

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.; C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

6) Biological catalysts ________.

A) decrease reaction rates

B) alter a reaction product

C) remain unchanged at the end of the reaction

D) All of the choices are correct.

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.

7) Choose the statement that accurately describes why catalysts are biologically necessary.

A) Catalysts provide the heat necessary for molecules to reach activation energy.

B) Catalysts increase the activation energy of large populations of molecules.

C) Catalysts make reactions go faster without cellular damage that would occur from heat.

D) All cell processes would occur without catalysts, but catalysts optimize the reaction rates.

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.; C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

8) Enzymes are specific for a given substrate.

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

9) The substrate binds to the ________ of the enzyme.

A) allosteric site

B) acidic site

C) neutral site

D) active site

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

10) The model that explains how an enzyme and substrate fit together is called the ________.

A) enzyme-substrate model

B) lock-and-key model

C) conformational model

D) induced-fit model

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

11) The model that describes how an enzyme can adjust its shape to fit the shape of the substrate is the ________ model.

A) lock-and-key

B) enzyme-substrate

C) induced-fit

D) conformational

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

12) The level of protein structure primarily involved in determining enzyme activity is the ________ enzyme.

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.05 Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function.; C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

13) When an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, ________.

A) the enzyme binds to the substrate's active site

B) the enzyme's active site binds to the product

C) amino acids in the substrate allow for interaction with the product

D) amino acids in the enzyme's active site interact with substrate molecules to create a product

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.; C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

14) Elevated plasma aldolase could be indicative of muscular dystrophy. What could explain this finding?

A) When muscle tissue is destroyed, it releases the enzymes present in the muscle cells into the blood.

B) Certain genetic diseases are associated with increased production of enzymes, in this case, aldolase.

C) The body is increasing production of aldolase to make more substrates available for muscular energy.

D) Myocardial cells are rich in aldolase, and when damaged, release it into the plasma.

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds; Clinical applications of nutrition and metabolism

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.; O07.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur if the body's metabolic processes could not maintain homeostasis.

15) Elevated plasma amylase could indicate ________.

A) osteitis deformans

B) a myocardial infarct

C) obstructive jaundice

D) pancreatitis

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds; Clinical applications of nutrition and metabolism

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.

16) Reactant molecules of enzyme action are called ________.

A) substrates

B) allosteric inhibitors

C) cofactors

D) products

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to nutrition

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.

17) Pyruvate dehydrogenase is named as such because it catalyzes the conversion of lactic acid to pyruvic acid.

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.04c Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

18) The conversion of glucose to galactose would be catalyzed by an isomerase enzyme.

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.; C04.04c Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

19) Abnormally high concentration of the BB form of creatine phosphokinase is associated with a myocardial infarction.

Section: 04.01

Topic: Introduction to metabolism; Clinical applications of nutrition and metabolism

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.; O07.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur if the body's metabolic processes could not maintain homeostasis.

20) Enzymes which remove hydrogen atoms from their substrates are referred to as ________.

A) dehydrogenases

B) hydrolases

C) catalases

D) peroxidases

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.04e Discuss physiological and structural roles in the human body of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

21) Addition of phosphate groups to a particular molecule is catalyzed by ________.

A) transaminases

B) phosphatases

C) isomerases

D) kinases

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.04e Discuss physiological and structural roles in the human body of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

22) A reaction which uses water to break bonds between molecules would be catalyzed by a(n) ________ enzyme.

A) dehydrogenase

B) hydrolase

C) isomerase

D) synthase

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.; C04.04e Discuss physiological and structural roles in the human body of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

23) A reaction which creates larger molecules from substrates and results in water as a byproduct would be catalyzed by a(n) ________ enzyme.

A) dehydrogenase

B) hydrolase

C) isomerase

D) synthase

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.; C04.04e Discuss physiological and structural roles in the human body of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

24) Pancreatic amylase catalyzes the breakdown of oligosaccharides to disaccharides with the addition of water. What classification of enzymes would amylase be in?

A) Dehydrogenase

B) Isomerase

C) Synthase

D) Hydrolase

Section: 04.01

Topic: Organic compounds; Chemical digestion

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.; N06.02e List the substrates and products of enzymatic hydrolysis for each enzyme.

25) Which of the following does NOT affect the activity of an enzyme?

A) The organ the enzyme is in

B) Concentration of enzyme and substrate molecules

C) Concentration of cofactors and coenzymes

D) pH and temperature

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

26) The pH optimum is an important factor in digestive enzyme activity because ________.

A) it must be higher than the body fluid in which the enzyme is found in order to be effective

B) enzyme activity is lowest within this range, preventing substrates from being broken down too quickly

C) differences in pH in the digestive tract reflect which substrates are broken down at each location

D) it must reflect the pH of the blood in order for substrates to be safely absorbed

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds; Chemical digestion

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.; N06.02d Discuss the activation of specific enzymes, where applicable in enzymatic hydrolysis.

27) An enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the body at 50°C will proceed at a faster rate than at 37°C.

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

28) The phosphatase found in bone would have a pH optimum that is ________ than the pH optimum of the phosphatase found in the prostate gland.

A) higher

B) lower

C) the same as

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

29) The enzyme with the lowest pH optimum is ________.

A) acid phosphatase

B) lipase

C) monoamine oxidase

D) pepsin

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.; N06.02c List the enzymes used in enzymatic hydrolysis.

30) In an enzymatic reaction, when temperature is increased past the point of "optimal temperature," the enzyme starts to ________.

A) increase its catalytic activity

B) reduce its catalytic activity

C) increase its allosteric properties

D) increase product formation

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

31) A deficiency of dietary copper could limit the activity of some enzymes.

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

32) Which of the following is NOT true about enzymes?

A) As the temperature increases from 25°C to 37°C, enzyme activity decreases.

B) Very few enzymes require cofactors for activation.

C) Most enzymes are not sensitive to changes in pH.

D) All of the choices are correct.

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

33) Which of the following is NOT true of catalysts?

A) They are unchanged by the reaction catalyzed.

B) They allow endergonic reactions to become exergonic reactions.

C) They increase the amount of energy released by a chemical reaction.

D) They lower the activation energy of the reaction.

Section: 04.03

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

34) Inactive forms of digestive enzymes are called ________.

A) cofactors

B) coenzymes

C) zymogens

D) Both cofactors and zymogens are correct.

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds; Chemical digestion

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.

35) At saturation, enzyme activity is maximal.

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

36) The law of mass action states that ________.

A) reversible reactions will be driven from the side of higher to lower concentration

B) reversible reactions will be driven from the side of lower to higher concentration

C) enzyme activity is maximized when the amount of available substrate is at its lowest

D) enzyme activity is maximized when the amount of available substrate is at its highest

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

37) In the reaction (H2O + CO2 ↔ H2CO3), increasing the concentration of H2O would ________.

A) decrease the concentration of H2CO3

B) increase the concentration of H2CO3

C) increase the concentration of CO2

D) have no effect on either CO2 or H2CO3 concentrations

Section: 04.02

Topic: Chemical bonding; Organic compounds

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.

38) Addition of substrate when enzyme reaction rate is maximal results in ________.

A) additional product formation

B) less product formation

C) no change in product formation

D) enzyme destruction

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

39) Most enzymatic reactions in the body are one-step processes.

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.

40) End-product inhibition usually involves allosteric inhibition of an enzyme.

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.

41) Regulation of a metabolic pathway by the final product of the pathway is termed ________.

A) allosteric inhibition

B) end-product inhibition

C) negative feedback

D) Both end-product inhibition and negative feedback are correct.

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.; B02.03 Explain why negative feedback is the most commonly used mechanism to maintain homeostasis in the body.

42) Which of the following occurs when the product of a metabolic pathway binds to an enzyme and decreases enzymatic activity?

A) Allosteric inhibition

B) End-product therapy

C) Second messaging

D) Coupling

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.; C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.

43) A defect in the enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine is characteristic of the disease ________.

A) phenylketonuria

B) albinism

C) lactose intolerance

D) maple-syrup disease

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds; Clinical applications of nutrition and metabolism

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O07.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur if the body's metabolic processes could not maintain homeostasis.

44) A defect in the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of melanin from DOPA results in ________.

A) phenylketonuria

B) albinism

C) lactose intolerance

D) maple-syrup disease

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds; Clinical applications of nutrition and metabolism

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O07.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur if the body's metabolic processes could not maintain homeostasis.

45) In response to increased concentration of the final product of a metabolic pathway, ________.

A) all enzymes in the pathway become more active

B) intermediate enzymes become more active

C) the final product acts as an allosteric regulator of one enzyme in the pathway

D) all enzymes in the pathway become less active

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.; B02.03 Explain why negative feedback is the most commonly used mechanism to maintain homeostasis in the body.

46) An inborn error in lipid metabolism may cause all of the following symptoms EXCEPT ________.

A) high blood cholesterol

B) increased reliance on free fatty acids for energy production

C) atherosclerosis

D) liver and spleen enlargement from triglyceride accumulation

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds; Clinical applications of nutrition and metabolism

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O07.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur if the body's metabolic processes could not maintain homeostasis.

47) Metal ions such as magnesium or calcium can serve as enzyme ________.

A) coenzymes

B) ribozymes

C) substrates

D) cofactors

Section: 04.02

Topic: Organic compounds; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.

48) Free energy is the only type that can be used to perform cellular work.

Section: 04.03

Topic: Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

49) As bonds are broken to generate fatty acids from triglycerides, the amount of entropy would increase.

Section: 04.03

Topic: Energy transfer using ATP; Organic compounds

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

50) Energy transformations result in ________ in entropy.

A) an increase

B) a decrease

C) no change

Section: 04.03

Topic: Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

51) Cellular respiration results in ________ in entropy as glucose is broken down to form carbon dioxide.

A) an increase

B) a decrease

C) no change

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

52) Energy transformations increase the entropy of a system is a statement of the ________.

A) first law of thermodynamics

B) second law of thermodynamics

C) law of mass action

D) law of conservation of energy

Section: 04.03

Topic: Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

53) Energy can change forms, but cannot be created or destroyed is a statement of the ________.

A) first law of thermodynamics

B) second law of thermodynamics

C) law of mass action

D) third law of thermodynamics

Section: 04.03

Topic: Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

54) The greatest increase in entropy occurs ________.

A) when starch is degraded to glucose

B) when amylase produces maltose

C) when glucose is converted to galactose

D) when ATP is synthesized

Section: 04.03

Topic: Energy transfer using ATP; Chemical digestion

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

55) Exergonic reactions proceed with the release of energy.

Section: 04.03

Topic: Energy transfer using ATP; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

56) Free energy is ________ when exergonic reactions proceed.

A) increased

B) decreased

C) unchanged

D) made available

Section: 04.03

Topic: Energy transfer using ATP; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

57) Endergonic reactions cause the amount of entropy in the products to be ________.

A) increased

B) decreased

C) unchanged

D) made available

Section: 04.03

Topic: Energy transfer using ATP; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

58) The ________ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one cubic centimeter of water one degree on the Celsius scale.

A) specific heat

B) meter

C) boiling point

D) calorie

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O05.04 Define calorie and kilocalorie.

59) The reaction of adenosine diphosphate and phosphate generates adenosine triphosphate and energy.

Section: 04.03

Topic: Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

60) The universal energy carrier is ________.

A) glucose

B) ATP

C) ADP

D) GTP

Section: 04.03

Topic: Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

61) In bioenergetic pathways, as intermediates are acted upon by enzymes, the ultimate result is the release of ________.

A) lactate

B) ATP

C) free energy

D) enzymes

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration; Energy transfer using ATP

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.

62) Oxidizing agents accept electrons from molecules undergoing reduction.

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation.

63) A reducing agent donates electrons to a molecule.

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation.

64) A molecule that has just donated electrons ________.

A) acted as a reducing agent

B) acted as an oxidizing agent

C) is now considered reduced

D) gave electrons to the reducing agent

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation.

65) Reduction and oxidation are always coupled.

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation.

66) NAD is derived from the vitamin ________.

A) B-12, cobalamin

B) B-3, niacin

C) B-2, riboflavin

D) B-6, pyridoxine

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.04 Explain the roles of coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD in metabolism.

67) FAD is derived from vitamin ________.

A) B-12

B) B-3, niacin

C) B-2, riboflavin

D) B-6

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration; Introduction to metabolism

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.04 Explain the roles of coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD in metabolism.

68) Chemically reduced FAD has ________ extra hydrogen atom(s) bound to it.

A) one

B) two

C) three

D) no

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.04 Explain the roles of coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD in metabolism.

69) Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has ________ two hydrogens.

A) lost

B) gained

C) shared

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.04 Explain the roles of coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD in metabolism.

70) If NAD becomes reduced it is a(n) ________.

A) reducing agent

B) oxidizing agent

C) zymogen

D) allosteric inhibitor

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.04 Explain the roles of coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD in metabolism.

71) During oxidation, a molecule or atom ________.

A) gains protons

B) loses protons

C) gains electrons

D) loses electrons

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation.

72) During reduction, a molecule or atom ________.

A) gains protons or gains electrons

B) loses protons or gains electrons

C) gains protons or loses electrons

D) loses protons or loses electrons

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation.

73) A reducing agent ________.

A) donates protons to an atom or molecule

B) donates electrons to an atom or molecule

C) accepts protons from an atom or molecule

D) accepts electrons from an atom or molecule

E) Both donates electrons and donates protons are correct.

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation.

74) A common oxidizing agent used to couple chemical reactions in cells is ________.

A) riboflavin

B) niacin

C) NADH

D) FAD

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation.; O02.04 Explain the roles of coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD in metabolism.

75) A common reducing agent used to couple chemical reactions in cells is ________.

A) riboflavin

B) niacin

C) NADH

D) FAD

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation.; O02.04 Explain the roles of coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD in metabolism.

76) FAD and NAD are coenzymes that act as ________ in biochemical reactions.

A) hydrogen carriers

B) oxygen carriers

C) energy carriers

D) vitamin carriers

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.03 Compare and contrast the roles of enzymes and coenzymes in metabolism.; O02.04 Explain the roles of coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD in metabolism.

77) Since they are important for the formation of NAD and FAD, consuming extra niacin and riboflavin in the diet will provide extra energy for body functions.

Section: 04.03

Topic: Cellular respiration

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

HAPS Outcome: O02.04 Explain the roles of coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD in metabolism.

Document Information

Document Type:
DOCX
Chapter Number:
4
Created Date:
Aug 21, 2025
Chapter Name:
Chapter 4 Enzymes and Energy
Author:
Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski

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Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox

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