Cell Structure – Ch3 | Test Bank – 15th Edition - Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox by Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski. DOCX document preview.
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Human Physiology, 15e (Fox)
Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Genetic Control
1) The ________ is the liquid portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus.
A) cytoskeleton
B) peroxisome
C) cytosol
D) phospholipids
Section: 03.01
Topic: Intracellular organization
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C06.01 Identify the three main parts of a cell, and list the general functions of each.
2) Choose the correct statement regarding the structure of the plasma membrane.
A) The hydrophobic center of the plasma membrane will restrict the movement of fat-soluble substances through the membrane.
B) The membrane is composed of water-soluble molecules, to allow movement of water between the fluid compartments.
C) Carbohydrates in the plasma membrane can serve as a source of immediate energy for the cell.
D) The movement of proteins in the plasma membrane allows for cellular adaptations to the extracellular environment.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Membrane structure and function
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C07.02 Describe how carbohydrates are distributed in a cell membrane, and explain their functions.; C07.03 Describe how proteins are distributed in a cell membrane, and explain their functions.
3) Proteins located on the surface of the plasma membrane can act as ________ for hormones.
A) receptors
B) enzymes
C) neurotransmitters
D) pseudopods
Section: 03.01
Topic: Membrane structure and function
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C07.03 Describe how proteins are distributed in a cell membrane, and explain their functions.
4) Proteins that are partially embedded on one side of the plasma membrane are ________.
A) integral proteins
B) transport proteins
C) peripheral proteins
D) fluid proteins
Section: 03.01
Topic: Membrane structure and function
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C07.03 Describe how proteins are distributed in a cell membrane, and explain their functions.
5) The plasma membrane is referred to as a mosaic because of the presence of ________.
A) stationary proteins in a uniform arrangement
B) carbohydrates in changing patterns
C) phospholipids that are in constant motion
D) moving proteins in a random arrangement
Section: 03.01
Topic: Membrane structure and function
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C07.03 Describe how proteins are distributed in a cell membrane, and explain their functions.
6) The arrangement of ________ and ________ contributes to the flexibility of the plasma membrane.
A) protein; carbohydrate
B) cholesterol; protein
C) phospholipids; protein
D) cholesterol; phospholipids
Section: 03.01
Topic: Membrane structure and function
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C07.01 Describe how lipids are distributed in a cell membrane, and explain their functions.
7) Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?
A) Transport
B) Energy production
C) Structural support
D) Receptors
Section: 03.01
Topic: Membrane structure and function
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C07.03 Describe how proteins are distributed in a cell membrane, and explain their functions.
8) How are the phospholipids arranged to form the plasma membrane?
A) Single layer with hydrophilic heads outward
B) Double layer with hydrophobic tails facing inward toward each other
C) Double layer with hydrophilic heads facing inward toward each other
D) Double layer with phospholipids on the outside and proteins on the inside
Section: 03.01
Topic: Membrane structure and function
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C07.01 Describe how lipids are distributed in a cell membrane, and explain their functions.
9) Hydrophilic molecules can move unaided into and out of cells regardless of size.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C08.01a State the type of material moving in each of the membrane transport process simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.
10) Cells that perform ________ move through the ________ by amoeboid movement.
A) pinocytosis; cytosol
B) phagocytosis; extracellular matrix
C) phagocytosis; cytosol
D) pinocytosis; extracellular matrix
Section: 03.01
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
11) Particulate matter is nonspecifically taken into cells by the process of ________.
A) exocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) pinocytosis
D) receptor-mediated endocytosis
Section: 03.01
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C08.01a State the type of material moving in each of the membrane transport process simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.
12) Phagocytosis is important for ________.
A) body defense against foreign organic matter
B) promoting inflammation
C) removal of old and dying cells
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C08.01b Describe the mechanism by which movement of material occurs in each membrane transport process -- simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.
13) Receptor-mediated endocytosis would be most appropriate in a situation where the cell needs to selectively control the amount of a substance that is taken into a cell.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C08.01b Describe the mechanism by which movement of material occurs in each membrane transport process -- simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.
14) Intake of a specific molecule from the extracellular compartment by a cell occurs through ________.
A) phagocytosis
B) exocytosis
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis
D) apoptosis
Section: 03.01
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C08.01a State the type of material moving in each of the membrane transport process simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.
15) The process by which cells secrete cellular products into the extracellular environment is ________.
A) phagocytosis
B) endocytosis
C) exocytosis
D) pinocytosis
Section: 03.01
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C08.01b Describe the mechanism by which movement of material occurs in each membrane transport process -- simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.
16) Release of neurotransmitters occurs via ________.
A) exocytosis
B) endocytosis
C) phagocytosis
D) pinocytosis
Section: 03.01
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C08.01d Give examples of each membrane transport process in the human body simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.
17) Pinocytosis is a specific type of exocytosis.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C08.01b Describe the mechanism by which movement of material occurs in each membrane transport process -- simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.
18) Larger molecules such as cholesterol would be taken into a cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C08.01d Give examples of each membrane transport process in the human body simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.
19) Phagocytosis differs from endocytosis in that during phagocytosis ________.
A) the plasma membrane invaginates to produce a furrow that pinches off inside the cell
B) the plasma membrane extends outwards with pseudopods to surround the substance
C) specific membrane receptors bind to the molecules to be brought into the cell
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C08.01b Describe the mechanism by which movement of material occurs in each membrane transport process -- simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.
20) The only flagellated cells in humans are ________.
A) ova
B) sperm
C) goblet cells
D) tumor cells
Section: 03.01
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02a Identify each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
21) Which of the following locations have ciliated cells?
A) Respiratory and digestive systems
B) Female reproductive and lymphatic systems
C) Respiratory and female reproductive systems
D) Digestive and lymphatic systems
Section: 03.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy, location, and function of epithelial tissue
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: D02.02 Describe locations in the body where each type of epithelial tissue can be found.
22) The centrosome is responsible for ________.
A) making cilia
B) making microtubules
C) pulling duplicated chromosomes apart
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
23) All body cells have motile cilia with a "9+2" structure.
Section: 03.01
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02b Describe the structure of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
24) Folds of the plasma membrane that increase surface area are called ________.
A) cilia
B) microvilli
C) flagella
D) vesicles
Section: 03.01
Topic: Membrane structure and function
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02b Describe the structure of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
25) Cells with large numbers of microvilli on their apical surface are probably involved in ________.
A) movement of the body
B) reabsorption of molecules, such as during the production of urine
C) detoxification of chemicals
D) secretion of neurotransmitters
Section: 03.01
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
26) Microtubules and microfilaments are the primary components of the ________.
A) cytosol
B) nucleus
C) cytoskeleton
D) plasma membrane
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02b Describe the structure of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
27) Which of the following is NOT an example of an inclusion?
A) Glycogen
B) Actin
C) Melanin
D) Triglycerides
Section: 03.02
Topic: Intracellular organization
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02a Identify each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
28) Which type of lysosome contains undigested wastes?
A) Secondary lysosome
B) Residual body
C) Primary lysosome
D) Tertiary body
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02a Identify each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
29) The pH of the cytoplasm is ________ than the interior of a primary lysosome.
A) more basic
B) more acidic
C) neutral
D) less basic
Section: 03.02
Topic: Intracellular organization
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
30) Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a genetic defect that causes accumulation of wastes and other molecules within cells. For this to occur, the genetic defect must affect the activity of ________ enzymes.
A) mitochondrial
B) lysosomal
C) centrosomal
D) ribosomal
Section: 03.02
Topic: Clinical applications of homeostatic mechanisms of the cell; Organelles
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur if the cells could not maintain homeostasis due to abnormalities in organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.; C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
31) What process involves the destruction of worn-out organelles by lysosomes?
A) Exocytosis
B) Pinocytosis
C) Autophagy
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
32) A cell which is actively involved in the detoxification of chemicals would contain large quantities of ________.
A) ribosomes
B) mitochondria
C) peroxisomes
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
33) Membrane enclosed organelles containing oxidative enzymes that form hydrogen peroxide are ________.
A) lysosomes
B) centrosomes
C) peroxisomes
D) chromosomes
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
34) What enzyme is needed to prevent excessive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide from peroxisome activity?
A) Peroxidase
B) Catalase
C) Oxidate
D) Maltase
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
35) The organelle involved in the production of energy is the ________.
A) mitochondria
B) ribosome
C) cytoskeleton
D) centriole
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02a Identify each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
36) The folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion is called ________.
A) rugae
B) plicae
C) cristae
D) microvilli
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02b Describe the structure of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
37) All mitochondria that an individual has come solely from the mother's fertilized egg cell.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles; Reproductive cell division
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
38) The organelle that acts as enzymes for protein synthesis is the ________.
A) mitochondrion
B) ribosome
C) nucleolus
D) lysosome
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02a Identify each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
39) Individuals using anabolic steroids would have increased amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in their liver cells.
Section: 03.02
Topic: Clinical applications of homeostatic mechanisms of the cell; Organelles
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.01 Predict factors or situations that could disrupt organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.; C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
40) Cells actively involved in secreting proteins would contain large numbers or quantities of ________.
A) mitochondria
B) peroxisomes
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Section: 03.02
Topic: Intracellular organization; Organelles
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
41) Cells which contain large numbers of mitochondria and large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum are most likely ________.
A) bladder cells
B) bone cells
C) lung cells
D) skeletal muscle cells
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
42) What organelle functions to chemically modify cellular products and package them in vesicles?
A) Golgi complex
B) Mitochondrion
C) Lysosome
D) Ribosome
Section: 03.02
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.; C09.02a Identify each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
43) The process of recycling cellular proteins that had been released by exocytosis and brought back into the cell is called ________.
A) mediated transport
B) active transport
C) autophagy
D) retrograde transport
Section: 03.02
Topic: Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C08.01a State the type of material moving in each of the membrane transport process simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and filtration.
44) Cells synthesizing large quantities of proteins would have numerous nucleoli.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.; C09.02a Identify each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
45) The process of gene expression occurs as ________.
A) genetic transcription and genetic transduction
B) genetic translation and genetic degradation
C) genetic transcription and genetic translation
D) genetic transduction and genetic degradation
Section: 03.03
Topic: Genes and their action; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.01 Define the terms genetic code, transcription and translation.
46) Proteins and mRNA exit the nucleus via ________.
A) nuclear pores
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) vesicles
D) centromeres
Section: 03.03
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02b Describe the structure of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
47) The function of the ________ is to produce ribosomal RNA.
A) chromatin
B) centromere
C) lysosomes
D) nucleolus
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
48) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the nuclear envelope?
A) Double-layered
B) Fused in areas by nuclear pore complexes
C) Single-layered
D) Contains nuclear pores
Section: 03.03
Topic: Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
49) All body cells have a single, centralized nucleus.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Intracellular organization; Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C06.01 Identify the three main parts of a cell, and list the general functions of each.
50) How many genes are humans estimated to have?
A) 25,000
B) 100,000
C) 3 million
D) 3 billion
Section: 03.03
Topic: Genes and their action
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.01 Define the terms genetic code, transcription and translation.
51) The spooling of DNA around histones creates particles called ________.
A) nucleoli
B) proteosomes
C) nucleosomes
D) euchromatin
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA; Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02b Describe the structure of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
52) How many proteins does it appear that humans can produce?
A) 25,000
B) 100,000
C) 3 million
D) 3 billion
Section: 03.03
Topic: Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.01 Define the terms genetic code, transcription and translation.
53) The term "proteome" refers to all of the genes in a particular individual.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Genes and their action
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.01 Define the terms genetic code, transcription and translation.
54) One possible reason that the proteome is so much larger than the genome is that mRNAs can be spliced in alternative ways, thereby increasing the number of products produced from a particular gene.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Genes and their action; Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.
55) Which of the following is NOT an explanation for how one gene can produce more than one protein?
A) Posttranslational methylation and phosphorylation
B) Different groups of polypeptides associating to make different proteins
C) Various cuts and splices of mRNA
D) Different carbohydrates bonded to the protein
Section: 03.03
Topic: Genes and their action; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.02 Explain how and why RNA is synthesized.
56) Genes present in heterochromatin are more readily expressed than euchromatin.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Genes and their action
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.01 Define the terms genetic code, transcription and translation.
57) Chromatin that is active in genetic transcription is called ________.
A) euchromatin
B) homochromatic
C) heterochromatin
D) embryonic chromatin
Section: 03.03
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle; Genes and their action
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.04 Analyze the interrelationships among chromatin, chromosomes and chromatids.
58) Chromatin is comprised of ________ and ________.
A) phospholipids; DNA
B) DNA; protein
C) RNA; protein
D) DNA; RNA
Section: 03.03
Topic: Genes and their action
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02b Describe the structure of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
59) What chemical change occurs to histones that will turn on genetic transcription?
A) Acetylation
B) Acidification
C) Phosphorylation
D) Differentiation
Section: 03.03
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.02 Explain how and why RNA is synthesized.
60) What enzyme is needed for transcription?
A) Spliceosomes
B) RNA polymerase
C) RNA promoter
D) DNA polymerase
Section: 03.03
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.02 Explain how and why RNA is synthesized.
61) Precursor mRNA is larger than the mRNA it forms.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.
62) Pre-mRNA contains noncoding regions called ________.
A) exons
B) introns
C) small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs)
D) spliceosomes
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.
63) Small RNA and protein regions are joined together to make functional mRNA by ________.
A) spliceosomes
B) introns
C) snRNPs
D) Both spliceosomes and snRNPs are correct.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.
64) miRNA can be made from particular introns that have been removed from pre-mRNA.
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.
65) microRNA is ________.
A) single-stranded
B) complementary to a particular mRNA
C) partially complementary to many mRNAs
D) produced in large numbers by tumor cells
Section: 03.03
Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.
66) Genetic translation occurs in ribosomes located in the ________ of the cell.
A) nucleus
B) plasma membrane
C) cytoplasm
D) Golgi apparatus
Section: 03.04
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle; Organelles
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.01 Define the terms genetic code, transcription and translation.
67) A codon codes for a(n) ________.
A) mRNA
B) fatty acid
C) carbohydrate
D) amino acid
Section: 03.04
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle; Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.
68) RNA that has the function of bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation is called ________ RNA.
A) transfer
B) messenger
C) ribosomal
D) nuclear
Section: 03.04
Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.
69) The ________ of the messenger RNA is recognized by the ________ of the transfer RNA.
A) triplet; codon
B) codon; anticodon
C) anticodon; codon
D) anticodon; triplet
Section: 03.04
Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.
70) Protein synthesis requires ________.
A) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to link amino acids to specific tRNA molecules
B) secreted proteins to be synthesized by cytosolic polyribosomes
C) recognition of the anticodon in mRNA by the codon in tRNA
D) the presence of transcription factors
Section: 03.04
Topic: Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.
71) Anticodons found in mRNA allow for base pairing with the codons in tRNA.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C10.03 Explain the roles of tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.
72) Molecules which aid in the folding of a polypeptide chain into its tertiary structure are called ________.
A) spliceosomes
B) ubiquitin
C) centrosomes
D) chaperones
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organic compounds; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C04.05 Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function.
73) Proteins to be used by the cell will fold into their secondary or tertiary structures at polyribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organic compounds; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C04.05 Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function.
74) A cell that is required to make large amounts of secretory proteins would be abundant in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
75) The primarily hydrophilic leader sequence of secretory proteins allows it to be inserted into the cisterna of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organic compounds; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C04.05 Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function.
76) A cell lacking a Golgi apparatus would not be able to add ________ to proteins.
A) lipids
B) proteins
C) carbohydrates
D) acids
Section: 03.04
Topic: Clinical applications of homeostatic mechanisms of the cell; Organelles; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur if the cells could not maintain homeostasis due to abnormalities in organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.; C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
77) Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi complex?
A) Packaging final proteins in vesicles
B) Modifying proteins
C) Separation of different types of proteins
D) Removal of the leader sequence from the protein
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
78) Regulatory proteins are degraded outside of lysosomes by binding to ________ and then broken down by the proteasome.
A) ubiquitin
B) chaperones
C) lysosomes
D) ribosomes
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
79) Why is it necessary for the cell to degrade some cellular proteins?
A) To eliminate incorrectly folded proteins
B) To remove specific enzymes and plasma membrane proteins
C) For tight control of the cell cycle
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 03.04
Topic: Organelles; Protein synthesis
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
80) In the nucleus of a diploid cell, the amount of cytosine would equal the amount of ________.
A) adenine
B) thymine
C) uracil
D) guanine
Section: 03.05
Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA; Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.03 Describe DNA replication.
81) DNA replication is ________.
A) conservative
B) semiconservative
C) dispersive
D) Both semiconservative and dispersive are correct.
Section: 03.05
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle; Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.03 Describe DNA replication.
82) Cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle contain half as much DNA as cells in the G2 phase.
Section: 03.05
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle; Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01a Describe the events that take place in each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
83) What enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases of DNA in preparation for replication?
A) DNA polymerase
B) DNA helicase
C) Spliceosome
D) Cyclin D
Section: 03.05
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle; Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA; Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.03 Describe DNA replication.
84) Which stage of the cell cycle immediately precedes the S phase?
A) G1
B) G2
C) M
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 03.05
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle; Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01a Describe the events that take place in each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
85) A gene that stalls cell division if damaged DNA is present would be considered a proto-oncogene.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Clinical applications of homeostatic mechanisms of the cell; Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01a Describe the events that take place in each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
86) The duration of the cell cycle is decreased in response to increased amounts of ________.
A) telomerase
B) cyclin
C) DNA helicase
D) proteasome
Section: 03.05
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01c Analyze the functional significance of each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
87) Oncogenes ________.
A) prevent formation of cancer cells
B) block the ability of cyclins to stimulate cell division
C) stimulate apoptosis
D) often stimulate cyclin-dependent kinases that speed up the G1 phase
Section: 03.05
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01a Describe the events that take place in each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
88) Cells lacking lysosomes would be unable to undergo apoptosis.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Clinical applications of homeostatic mechanisms of the cell; Organelles
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.; C12.01c Analyze the functional significance of each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
89) The process of cell death in which cell membranes remain intact but become bubbled and the nuclei condense is known as ________.
A) endocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) exocytosis
D) apoptosis
Section: 03.05
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01c Analyze the functional significance of each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
90) The process of tissue death in which cells swell, rupture their membranes, and burst is called ________.
A) apoptosis
B) phagocytosis
C) necrosis
D) transcytosis
Section: 03.05
Topic: Clinical applications of homeostatic mechanisms of the cell
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur if the cells could not maintain homeostasis due to abnormalities in organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.
91) Apoptosis involves the activation of enzymes called ________, which are the cell "executioners" that activate other enzymes in the nucleus that fragment the DNA.
A) neutrophils
B) lysosomes
C) caspases
D) peroxisomes
Section: 03.05
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur if the cells could not maintain homeostasis due to abnormalities in organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.
92) Damage to cellular DNA that cannot be repaired would induce ________.
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) apoptosis
D) cell division
Section: 03.05
Topic: Clinical applications of homeostatic mechanisms of the cell
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.01 Predict factors or situations that could disrupt organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.
93) Cells which will undergo apoptosis would contain large numbers or quantities of ________.
A) centrioles
B) lysosomes
C) golgi apparatus
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
Section: 03.05
Topic: Clinical applications of homeostatic mechanisms of the cell; Organelles
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur if the cells could not maintain homeostasis due to abnormalities in organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.; C09.02c Describe the function of each different type of organelle associated with human cells.
94) The family of enzymes in cells activated during apoptosis are ________.
A) necrotic enzymes
B) chromatids
C) caspases
D) centromeres
Section: 03.05
Topic: Intracellular organization
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur if the cells could not maintain homeostasis due to abnormalities in organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.
95) A friend lifts weights for several months, and his muscles visibly increase in size. He also has calluses on his palms from the barbells. The increase in muscle size is due to ________, while the calluses are due to ________.
A) anaplasia; hyperplasia
B) hypertrophy; atrophy
C) dysplasia; hypertrophy
D) hypertrophy; hyperplasia
Section: 03.05
Topic: Clinical applications of homeostatic mechanisms of the cell; Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01c Analyze the functional significance of each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
96) Germinal cells can most likely divide indefinitely due to the activity of an enzyme called ________.
A) caspases
B) telomerase
C) DNA polymerase
D) RNA transferase
Section: 03.05
Topic: Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01c Analyze the functional significance of each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
97) Loss of DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes in the ________ region may cause cell senescence.
A) centromere
B) telomere
C) mitotic
D) anticodon
Section: 03.05
Topic: Clinical applications of homeostatic mechanisms of the cell; Genes and their action
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.01 Predict factors or situations that could disrupt organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.
98) Chromosomes are lined up at the equator of the cell during this stage of mitosis.
A) prophase
B) anaphase
C) metaphase
D) telophase
Section: 03.05
Topic: Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01a Describe the events that take place in each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
99) Growth due to an increase in cell number is called ________.
A) hypertrophy
B) hyperplasia
C) atrophy
D) dystrophy
Section: 03.05
Topic: Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01c Analyze the functional significance of each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
100) Growth due to increased cell size is called ________.
A) hypertrophy
B) hyperplasia
C) atrophy
D) dystrophy
Section: 03.05
Topic: Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01c Analyze the functional significance of each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
101) Chromosomes move to opposite poles in ________.
A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) prophase
D) telophase
Section: 03.05
Topic: Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01a Describe the events that take place in each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
102) Centrosomes replicate during ________.
A) anaphase
B) cytokinesis
C) interphase
D) telophase
Section: 03.05
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01a Describe the events that take place in each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
103) The pericentriolar material is believed to be responsible for ________.
A) cytoskeletal organization
B) centriole replication
C) kinetochore formation
D) centrosome formation
Section: 03.05
Topic: Intracellular organization
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C09.02a Identify each different type of organelle associated with human cells.; C12.01a Describe the events that take place in each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
104) Cellular senescence may be prevented by ________.
A) increased DNA polymerase activity
B) increased telomerase activity
C) increased RNA polymerase activity
D) increased synthase activity
Section: 03.05
Topic: DNA replication and the cell cycle
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C14 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how individual cells respond to their environment (e.g., in terms of organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or regulation of cell cycle) in order to maintain homeostasis in the body.
105) Telomeres serve to ________.
A) increase apoptosis
B) cap the ends of DNA and protect it from damage
C) break DNA and cause it to degrade
D) cause replication of genes
Section: 03.05
Topic: Genes and their action
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.03 Describe DNA replication.
106) Crossing over would contribute to the variability in genetic expression between siblings.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Reproductive cell division
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C13.01 Describe the events that take place in each stage of meiosis I and meiosis II.
107) Telomere DNA is produced from a(n) ________ template.
A) DNA
B) telomerase
C) RNA
D) ATP
Section: 03.05
Topic: Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.03 Describe DNA replication.
108) The division of the cytoplasm in mitosis is called ________.
A) anaphase
B) cytokinesis
C) senescence
D) kinetochore
Section: 03.05
Topic: Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.02 Distinguish between mitosis and cytokinesis.
109) The movement of chromosomes during mitosis is due to ________.
A) spindle fibers
B) telomeres
C) chromatids
D) actin and myosin
Section: 03.05
Topic: Somatic cell division
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C12.01a Describe the events that take place in each stage of generalized cell cycle, including interphase and the stages of mitosis.
110) Meiosis is only observed in the ________ and ________.
A) skin; finger nails
B) ovaries; breasts
C) testes; skin
D) ovaries; testes
Section: 03.05
Topic: Reproductive cell division
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C13.05 Give examples of cell types in the body that divide by meiosis and examples of circumstances in the body that require meiotic cell division.
111) This organ contains cells that are haploid.
A) testis
B) liver
C) lung
D) heart
Section: 03.05
Topic: Reproductive cell division
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C13.05 Give examples of cell types in the body that divide by meiosis and examples of circumstances in the body that require meiotic cell division.
112) This process is also known as reduction division.
A) cell division
B) meiosis
C) mitosis
D) genetic translation
Section: 03.05
Topic: Reproductive cell division
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C13.01 Describe the events that take place in each stage of meiosis I and meiosis II.
113) Crossing over occurs during ________.
A) anaphase I of meiosis
B) metaphase of mitosis
C) prophase I of meiosis
D) metaphase II of meiosis
Section: 03.05
Topic: Reproductive cell division
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C13.01 Describe the events that take place in each stage of meiosis I and meiosis II.
114) Crossing over is important for ________.
A) increasing genetic variability
B) preventing mutations
C) limiting genetic recombination
D) maintaining chromosome structure
Section: 03.05
Topic: Reproductive cell division
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C13.01 Describe the events that take place in each stage of meiosis I and meiosis II.
115) Genes that have been silenced are passed to daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis in a process called ________.
A) apoptosis
B) necrosis
C) hypertrophy
D) epigenetic inheritance
Section: 03.05
Topic: Genes and their action; Reproductive cell division
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.01 Predict factors or situations that could disrupt organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.
116) Gene silencing may be accomplished by ________.
A) removal of the gene
B) methylation of cytosine bases in DNA
C) crossing over
D) genetic recombination
Section: 03.05
Topic: Genes and their action
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.01 Predict factors or situations that could disrupt organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.
117) In epigenetic inheritance ________.
A) both homologous chromosomes are inactivated
B) one set of the homologous chromosomes is silenced
C) one allele of a homologous pair is expressed
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 03.05
Topic: Reproductive cell division
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: C15.01 Predict factors or situations that could disrupt organelle function, transport processes, protein synthesis, or the cell cycle.
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Connected Book
Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox
By Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski