Chapter 4: Diversity and Cultural Issues in Clinical Psychology

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. From 1990 to 2000, ______.

A. the Asian American/Pacific Islander population in the United States decreased slightly

B. the Latino/Latina/Hispanic population in the United States grew by about 50%

C. the African American population decreased significantly

D. the Caucasian population grew by about 60%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Diversification of the U.S. Population

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. In 2016, the number of immigrants in the United States represented about ______ of the U.S. population.

A. 2%

B. 5%

C. 13%

D. 20%

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Diversification of the U.S. Population

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Authors such as Pedersen (1990, 1999, 2008) have labeled ______ as the “fourth force” in the history of psychology.

A. multiculturalism

B. humanism

C. the prescription privileges movement

D. behaviorism

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Multiculturalism as the “Fourth Force”

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. There have been four major “forces” in the field of clinical psychology. Which of the following lists these forces in the correct historical order (from earliest to most recent)?

A. behaviorism, multiculturalism, humanism, psychoanalysis

B. multiculturalism, humanism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism

C. humanism, psychoanalysis, multiculturalism, behaviorism

D. psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, multiculturalism

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Multiculturalism as the “Fourth Force”

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Books such as Ethnicity and Family Therapy and journals such as Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology are examples of ______.

A. the overexpansion of the diversity movement in clinical psychology

B. fringe publications rarely referenced by practicing psychologists

C. publications related to the fourth force of clinical psychology

D. an increase in multicultural graduate training at the expense of clinical training

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Multiculturalism as the “Fourth Force”

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Psychology of Religion, the Society for the Psychological Study of Men and Masculinity, and the Society for the Psychology of Women are examples of ______.

A. APA divisions dedicated to cultural issues

B. organizations that offer graduate certificates in gender and religious studies

C. for-profit societies that are under investigation by the Better Business Bureau

D. online forums for discussion of multicultural topics

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emergence of American Psychological Association Divisions

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Currently, when the American Psychological Association considers accrediting a graduate program in psychology, there are criteria related to multiculturalism that must be met.

B. Although none have yet emerged, the American Psychological Association plans to introduce new divisions within its organization devoted to cultural issues such as gender, religion, sexual orientation, and ethnicity.

C. The APA ethical code instructs psychologists to work with cultural sensitivity and competence.

D. The Society for the Study of Ethnic Minority Issues is an APA division that illustrates clinical psychology’s current focus on multicultural issues.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emergence of American Psychological Association Divisions

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. The current edition of the APA ethical code includes no reference to issues of multiculturalism.

B. Currently, APA includes divisions devoted to issues of ethnicity and religion, but no divisions devoted to issues of gender or sexual orientation.

C. DSM-5 includes key aspects of culture relevant to diagnosis and assessment.

D. Currently, APA includes divisions devoted to issues of gender and sexual orientation, but not divisions devoted to issues of ethnicity or religion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: DSM Efforts Toward Multiculturalism

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The current edition of the DSM includes a glossary listing ______, which represent psychological problems observed in groups from various parts of the world.

A. diversity directives

B. multicultural considerations

C. cultural concepts of distress

D. culture-bound syndromes

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM Efforts Toward Multiculturalism

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Sutso ______.

A. is an example of a culture-bound syndrome described in the most recent edition of the DSM

B. involves anxiety and gastrointestinal problems related to hexing or witchcraft by another person

C. is found almost exclusively in Australia

D. involves one person “sending” psychological problems to another

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM Efforts Toward Multiculturalism

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Taijin kyofusho ______.

A. is an example of a specifier for major depressive disorder included in the most recent edition of the DSM

B. is experienced by members of Native American tribes

C. involves a preoccupation with death and the dead which brings on psychological symptoms

D. involves anxiously avoiding interpersonal situations due to fear that one’s appearance, actions, or odor will offend others

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM Efforts Toward Multiculturalism

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Maladi moun ______.

A. is an example of a culture-bound syndrome described in the most recent edition of the DSM

B. involves anxiety and gastrointestinal problems related to hexing or witchcraft by another person

C. is found almost exclusively in Australia

D. involves anxiously avoiding interpersonal situations due to fear that one’s appearance, actions, or odor will offend others

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DSM Efforts Toward Multiculturalism

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. According to Sue and Sue (2008), “______ is defined as the counselor’s acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society.”

A. multicultural counseling competence

B. evidence-based practice

C. empathy

D. unconditional positive regard

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Cultural Competence?

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. It is generally unacceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to openly and directly acknowledge cultural differences with a client.

B. It is generally acceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to begin treating a culturally dissimilar client with no knowledge of that client’s culture, and to require a client to explain all culturally relevant information to the clinical psychologist.

C. Most research suggests that cultural self-awareness on the part of a clinical psychologist does little to improve treatment effectiveness.

D. Cultural self-awareness is generally important for all psychologists, regardless of their own cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Self-Awareness

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. “Although a cultural group may have a collective tendency, its individual members may vary greatly from that tendency.” This statement best illustrates the ______ inherent in every culture.

A. homogeneity

B. heterogeneity

C. unidimensionality

D. bidimensionality

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Maria recently immigrated from her hometown of Bowling Green, New York, to Mexico City, Mexico. Once in Mexico, Maria adopts much of her new nation’s culture and abandons much of her original U.S. culture. Which acculturation strategy is Maria using?

A. assimilation

B. separation

C. marginalization

D. integration

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. In the ______ acculturation strategy, an individual rejects much of his new culture and retains much of his original culture.

A. assimilation

B. separation

C. marginalization

D. integration

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The etic perspective ______.

A. emphasizes similarities between all people

B. attaches great importance to differences between cultural groups

C. was less dominant in the early days of psychology than it is today

D. seeks to emphasize the differences among people

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Etic Versus Emic Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. The ______ perspective recognizes and emphasizes culturally specific norms and considers a client’s behaviors, thoughts, and feelings within the context of that client’s culture.

A. etic

B. emic

C. behavioral

D. individual

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Etic Versus Emic Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The ______ places importance on multiple perspectives, including those that recognize the uniqueness of each individual, as well as the similarities between each individual and other individuals.

A. tripartite model of personal identity

B. etic approach

C. behavioral approach

D. evidence-based psychotherapy movement

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Tripartite Model of Personal Identity

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. What are the three levels of the tripartite model of personality identity?

A. individual, group, and universal

B. primary, secondary, and tertiary

C. narrow, moderate, and wide

D. singular, plural, and multifaceted

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Tripartite Model of Personal Identity

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. No single “best method” has emerged for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent.

B. In-class discussion of one’s own cultural background has emerged as the “best method” for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent.

C. Conducting psychotherapy (under supervision) with members of varied cultures has emerged as the “best method” for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent.

D. Requiring clinical psychology graduate students to publicly proclaim a commitment to diversity has emerged as the “best method” for training culturally competent clinicians.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Educational Alternatives

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Regardless of the methods used to train clinical psychologists to be culturally competent, an essential ingredient is that the trainee ______.

A. reaches a deeper appreciation of his or her own cultural identity

B. reads detailed descriptions of a variety of cultural groups in the form of professional books or peer-reviewed articles

C. enrolls in courses taught by faculty members whose cultural background is different from that of the trainee

D. conducts research with participants from culturally diverse backgrounds

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Educational Alternatives

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. ______ is the way a person responds to living in a new cultural environment, particularly regarding the balance between adopting elements of the new culture and retaining elements of the original culture.

A. Microaggression

B. Integration

C. Acculturation

D. Heterogeneity

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. ______ is the acculturation strategy in which the individual rejects both his new and his original cultures.

A. Assimilation

B. Separation

C. Marginalization

D. Integration

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Modifying psychological treatments that work for members of diverse cultures is known as ______.

A. rebounding

B. cultural channeling

C. ethnic facilitation

D. cultural adaptation

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Culturally Appropriate Clinical Skills

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Which of the following lists the major “forces” in psychology?

A. psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and multiculturalism

B. DBT, CBT, IRB, and ADA

C. primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

D. independent, dual, group, and universal

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Multiculturalism as the “Fourth Force”

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. The American Psychological Association has created divisions addressing all of the following areas of diversity EXCEPT ______.

A. women

B. religion

C. ethnic minorities

D. sightedness

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emergence of American Psychological Association Divisions

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Which of the following is NOT a recent professional effort to emphasize issues of culture that was discussed in the textbook?

A. creation of journals that focus on cultural issues

B. implementation of a standardized diversity training program required for psychologists to maintain their licenses

C. publication of books that focus on cultural issues

D. modification of the APA ethical code to include discussion of multicultural issues

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Recent Professional Efforts to Emphasize Issues of Diversity and Culture

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Name two principles or standards from the APA’s (2002) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct that address multiculturalism.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Multiculturalism as the “Fourth Force”

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. What are the four acculturation strategies?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. ______ is the term used to describe the variability of members within a cultural group.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. ______ is when an individual entering a new culture adopts much of the new culture and abandons much of his or her original culture.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. ______ is when an individual entering a new culture adopts much of the new culture and retains much of their original culture.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. To modify a treatment with empirical support for a specific cultural group is called ______.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Culturally Appropriate Clinical Skills

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The ______ perspective emphasizes the similarities between all people, while the ______ perspective emphasizes cultural-specific norms.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Etic Versus Emic Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. What are the three levels of the tripartite model of personal identity?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Tripartite Model of Personal Identity

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Briefly explain how the height of basketball star Yao Ming illustrates the concept of heterogeneity within a culture.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Diversification of the U.S. Population

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Culture shapes the way that a client understands the problem for which they are seeking treatment. What questions does Comas-Díaz (2011a) recommend be asked of new client to assess their understanding of their own psychological problem? List at least three questions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Diversification of the U.S. Population

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain the difference between the four different acculturation strategies: assimilation, separation, marginalization, and integration.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Diversification of the U.S. Population

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Briefly describe the three levels of the tripartite model of personal identity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Diversification of the U.S. Population

Difficulty Level: Medium